• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.781-793
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the meaning and essence of the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands. Methods: This qualitative study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method. Study participants were 8 females whose husband had been diagnosed with HIV for longer than 6 months, who had known about their husband's infection for more than 6 months, who were in a legal or common-law marriage and were living with their husbands at the time of interview for this study, and whose HIV antibody test results were negative. Data were collected from in-depth individual interviews with the participants from May to August 2016, and from related idiomatic expressions, literature, artwork, and phenomenological references. Results: The following essential themes were identified regarding the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands: 'experiencing an abrupt change that came out of the blue and caused confusion', 'accepting one's fate and making desperate efforts to maintain one's family', 'dealing with a heavy burden alone', 'experiencing the harsh reality and fearful future', and 'finding consolation in the ordeal'. Conclusion: This study provided a holistic and in-depth understanding of the meaning and essence of the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands. Thus, this study recognizes these unnoticed women as new nursing subjects. Further, the present findings can be used as important basic data for the development of nursing interventions and national policy guidelines for uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.147-169
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• 2013

The study aims to reveal the factors that impact the decisions made by child care directors in the process of managing their day care centers. The seven participants I surveyed are directors in child care centers located in Seoul and Kyung Ki-Do. Through in-depth interviews and case-by-case studies, I uncovered that there are both external and internal factors that influence a director decisions. The external factors are following the standards set by the law, accommodating the demands set by parents, collaboration with the teachers, accepting the advice of friends and family, and creating realistic conditions. The internal factors are each director's own management philosophy, religious beliefs, and personal experience. This study aims to create policies for establishing and developing educational material so that child care directors will be able to provide an ideal environment for the supervision and education of children.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.41-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical findings about intragenerational and intergenerational discrepancies in eldercare attitude and behavior in Korea. Specifically, intragenerational discrepancies refer to phenomena in which eldercare attitude and behavior diverge from each other within the caregiving and care-receiving generations, respectively. Intergenerational discrepancies, on the other hand, refer to two kinds of phenomena, one in which eldercare attitudes are different between caregiver and care-receiver and the other in which eldercare behavior is differently recognized between the two parties. For the last couple decades, these kinds of discrepancies tended to be simply assumed without any coherent theoretical and/or empirical rationales. Thus, the current study tried to investigate the degree, pattern, and characteristics associated with the discrepancies. Analysis of data collected from 276 matched pairs of caregivers (i.e., daughters-in-law) and care-receivers (i.e., the elderly) in Kwangju and its suburb areas has indicated a substantial amount of both intra- and inter-generational discrepancies. In other words, both caregivers and care-receivers were found to be experiencing huge discrepancies between attitude and behavior in their respective generation: the factual discrepancies in attitude between the two generations were quite salient: the cognitive discrepancies in behavior between them were salient, too. In addition, it was also found' that the extent to which the discrepancies became salient differed for the three subdimensions of eldercare (i.e., emotional, economic, and physical care), and that such discrepancies have intimate relationships with a set of sociodemographic characteristics for caregivers - notably, age, educational attainment, area of residence, household income - on the one hand, and those for care-receivers - notably, gender, age, educational attainment, cohabitation, family size, inheritance, owned property - on the other. A series of theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications stemming from the findings were suggested and fully discussed in the context of Korean society.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and attitude of breast feeding and to explore the predictive variables for the intention of breast feeding of mothers. One hundred and thirty-five mothers who delivered at the D University hospital during the period of May to June in 1996 comprised the sample. Data were collected by questionnaire methods before discharge at the hospital. Data were analyzed using percent, 1-test, and logistic regression. The results were as follows : 1. During their pregnancy, majority of mothers (74.8%) got the breast feeding information. Information sources were book (34.5%), family and relatives(32.4%), mass media(24.3%), and professionals such as nurses and doctors (8.8% ). The frequently reported sources of most encouragement for breast feeding were mother in law(20.7%) and baby's father (11.1% ). 2. The mean score of the items of Knowledge and Attitude toward Breast Feeding Scale were 42.56 (SD=5.47) and 39.07(SD=5.15) , representing positive attitude toward breast feeding. The correlation between knowledge and attitude score was significant(r 〓.54, p<.001). Knowledge of breast feeding were significantly different between breast feeding intention group (including partial breast feeding) and artificial feeding intention group(t=2.79, p<.01) 3. Logistic regression analysis revealed that feeding method in the hospital, delivery type, knowledge toward breast feeding, disease related to pregnancy, complication related to delivery, and educational level of mother were predictives of the intention of breast feeding. 4. The most frequently rated reasons for the plan for mixed feeding were concern about insufficient milk (37.9%) and work(27.6%), The major reasons for plan for artificial milk feeding were having premature baby(25.9%) and maternal health problems including infection(14.8% ) and drug use due to chronic illness (14.8%). From the result of the study, it is recommended to develop supportive nursing intervention strategy to promote breast-feeding intention and practice. The intervention could be more effective to begin early in pregnancy and include teaching for breast feeding skills as well as information provision for positive attitude formation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.661-669
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the difference in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction by gender and to explore the influences of demographic status. employment characteristics. and job satisfaction/marital satisfaction on each type of satisfaction. Method: Social statistics survey data collected by National Statistical Office in 1998 were used for the secondary analysis in the study. Job satisfaction was measured by questionnaires, which consisted of 12 items such as task, promotion, placement, wage, benefits, future in the work, working environment, human relationship. and working hours. And marital satisfaction was collected by questionnaires which consisted of 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Result: The results show that more than 60% of women were working as part-time employees. Their education levels were lower than men. Men were satisfied significantly more in their jobs than women. Men also had higher marital satisfaction. The employment status had the most important factor on the job satisfaction. and the marital satisfaction was the second important factor among women and men. As for the age, while older men showed higher job satisfaction, younger women showed higher job satisfaction, 28.04% of the variance in the job satisfaction for men and 33.86% for women were accounted for by the following variables: the younger age. the higher education. job satisfaction, and the higher marital satisfaction, 22.15% of the variance in the marital satisfaction for men and 21.19% for women were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were differences in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction between genders, and that job satisfaction and marital satisfaction influenced each other. Employment status was the most predictive factor on the job satisfaction. Married women had an unstable employment status such as part-time position. The stability of employment could be considered as a strategy for enhancing job satisfaction for both sexes. The reason that women had lower marital satisfaction than men will have to be further investigated.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2014

The rapid development and distribution of information communication industry facilitates the changes of hospital administration, introducing EMR(Electronic Medical Record) instead of paper-based medical record in the medical field. The developed countries such as U.S. have established EMR system after in the middle of 1970s because the primary advantages of EMR is to store and handle vast amounts of records efficiently and increase the quality of health care. Most of health organizations in Korea also apply medical record system to their administration. As the result, they have accomplished a scientific administration system through the use of medical record to handle a variety of patient's information including patient's confidentiality and privacy such as family history, social status, income level, and so on. However, access to and the misuse of EMR causes illegal infringement of patient's information and finally it becomes a very serious medical issue. Potential leakage and misuse of records may seriously infringe patient's privacy rights. In this respect, the related agencies in the public and private sector have been making efforts to prevent patient's records leakages. Especially, the revision bill of Medical Law in 2002 establishes the ways on the security and standards of electronic records. However, it does not provide the proper guidelines which is applied to the rapid changes of the medical environment. One of the most priorities in the hospital administration is the production and maintenance of an accurate medical records fulfilled by medical recorders. Therefore, it is very important for health care providers to hire ethical-based medical recorders. But, unfortunately most of hospitals overlook the importance of their roles. All parts including government, physician and patient must have more concerns on the problems related to EMR. Therefore, this study aims to propose the proper ways to resolve the problems coming from EMR.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

There are lots of forests around the Korean rural village. This study was conducted to investigate the state of the forests by the 15 forests case study of the Kamgok region in Chon-guk-Do province, Korea. The results are as follows. 1. The forests lose mostly original form by the construction of road and forest clearing for the land development business. And almostly the form of the forests is a trapezoid or roundness. 2. The forests were remained on account of the Korean cemetery customs which is burying underground. 3. The conservation of the forests becomes more difficult because of the continuous development pressure. 4. Because the scale of the forests is so small, they aren't named as the natural resort forest by the forest law. So it will be the better alternative that they are conserved and used by inducing the concept of the village resort forest. 5. Because the owenership of the forests exists in a person or a family, the forests will be destructed continuously by the cemetery development. 6. The vegetation of the upper trees in the forests is the simple forests of Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and bamboo. The height of upper tree is average 10-12m. And average root diameter is 13-29cm. The age of the tree is average 50 years old. The state of the forests is mostly fine. 7. It is clarified that the price of the forest land is 3-5 times expensive than the other cultivated land. 8. The forests were made by the forefathers for the purpose of the practical use and were reforested in the era 1960s, 1970s.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.81-86
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out to meaning and practical use of 'Anbang' of which unique roles and function has not been changed till now since Chosun dynasty. The Study has been carried out by selecting 27 novels in which the word 'Anbang' mentioned frequently and analyzing the sentences with 'Anbang' . The major finding were summarized as follows: 1. Since Chosun dynasty till now, 'Anbang' in most important space for Korean in residential area its meaning and practical use had not been changed. 2. The meaning of Anbang could be categorized into two parts; One was general symbolic meaning which was perceived mentally in general and the other was specific symbolic meaning which was varied by uses. In case of general symbolic meaning 'Anbang' implied a space with light turned on late at night, a very special space from the point of interior decoration and size, a space to keep very important stuffs and a space to deal with very important business. In case of specific symbolic meaning during Chosun dynasty, 'Anbang' was used as a pronoun to imply a mistress as major occupant was a mistress. Since then, gradually, 'Anbang' was used as a pronoun to imply married couple as married couple becomes major occupant. 3. The practical use of 'Anbang' cold be categorized into two; One was routine usage and the other was exceptional usage. The typical routine use were sleeping, dining family gathering, visitor greeting, clothes changing and sewing. The exceptional use were a Sebae(new year's bow), Pyebaek(make a deep bow and offer her gifts to her parents-in-law) and patient curing.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.62-75
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• 1992

This study was done to suggest basic modifications in the present situation for the family of women in labour which is a separation management method. The study design was a descriptive study. The number of the subjects were 80. they were husbands, mothers in law, and mothers of women in labour who were full term and for whom there were no complications, either for the mother or the fetus. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using frequencies. The results were as follows, 1. Most of the subjects(95.0%) wanted to participate in the labour process. 2. The subjects wanted to support the women in labour by way of encouraging(95.0%), consoling (95.0%), listening to(75.0%), praying with(68.8%), hand holding(97.5%), stroking(63.8%), helping with respiration control(50.0%), maintaining relaxation(46.3%), changing position(58.8%), and illustration (58.8 %). 3. The subjects answered that they expected their participation to have the effect of an easier labour course(52.5%), security for the women in labour(95.0%), and providing a better relationship between the women in labour(66.3%) and the new baby(55.0%). 4. The priority of the response as to who is the best supporter was husband, and mother of the women in labour in that order. It can be concluded that nurses maintained a management method which ignored the needs of the families of women in labour. If given consideration is to be given to these subjects, future programs should initiate ways to let the families participate in the labour process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

This study is a second analysis of the 7th Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. And, it is a descriptive survey research for comparing parental and health characteristics of 2 groups of workers and non-workers. For this, it has used crossover analysis and logistic regression analysis with the subjects of mothers of preschoolers - of 697 females in total, aged between 19 and 64. Based on the result of the logistic regression analysis, we have discovered a few factors inducing the females to participate in more economic activities. The factors are as follows : baby sitters available, the more number of child care centers, the more helps of baby sitting from the females' parents and in-law parents and physical activities less than 3 times a week. In contrast, however, the more preschoolers they have, the less likely they are to take an active part in the economy. Against the backdrop, the government should develop social service systems to encourage various child care services and to foster 'child raising mothers-friendly' environments not only in families but in workplaces. All this is to improve the health characteristics of preschoolers' mothers in a more healthy way' and to strike a balance between work and family.