• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.109-120
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of role stress perceived by employed housewives working in sales departments, and further, to devise coping strategies that can help reduce stress resulting from their multiple roles The sample of this study consisted of married women who were working in sales departments, who have at least one child, and who live in the greater Seoul metropolitan area. A total of 343 out of 450 originally distributed questionnaires were used for the analysis in this study. The findings of the study are: 1 The housewives in sales departments felt stress most severely in their role as a mother. Next were the roles as a wife, housewife, daughter, daughter-in-law, and working woman, in that order. 2. It appeared that age and the motive for employment affected the overall level of role stress among housewives. The two variables (age and the motive for employment) explained about 23% of the variance. The younger they were the higher was the level of role stress. Also, if they were working for an economic reason (to support the family), they tended to be more stressed out. The results of this study could be utilized as baseline data for policy-making, consultation, and development of educational programs for housewives working in sales departments, an area that has hardly been explored.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.27-42
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• 2001

This paper reviews researches related with the elderly caregiving, which hale published during the 1990s. After analyzingthe 29 articles in this field, the major findings are as follows: First, the advantageous position in life chances which is consisted of socioeconomic status and resources tends to reduce th burden for the elderly care. The higher in social status, the more resources older adults have, the more advantageous in controlling their relationship with their children and caregivers. Second, values based on familism is more associated with providing caregiving services for their parents than those of filial piety. Third, the tendency that daughter-in-law takes the role of the primary caregiver suggests a possibility of diminishing her enthusiasm, and finally comes to recognize her role as an enforced one, as time goes by. Fourth, cargiving burden affects the diverse aspects of caregiver's way of life. When the lower class elderly has dementia, caregiving stress and hassle have reached at their peak level. For meeting the needs of reducing the burden for the elderly care, this study suggests community- based approach for the elderly care. This approach attempts to share the caregiving burden with local community. To share the burden means that the boundaries of caregivers does not limit family members, but to expand community. This attempt includes a plan that establishes multipurpose community center which provides comprehensive services and care for the aged. The theoretical rationale of this approach are also discussed.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2005

The CMA and MMA blind equalization algorithm has the inevitable large residual error caused by mismatching between the symbol constellation at a steady state after convergence. Stop-and-Go algorithm has a very superior residual error characteristics at a steady state but a relatively slow convergence characteristics. In this paper, we propose a SAG-Flagged MMA as a new adaptive blind equalization algorithm with a Stop-and-Go flag which follows a flagged MMA in update scheme of tap weights as appling the flag obtaining from Stop-and-Go algorithm to MMA. Using computer simulation, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has an enhancing performance from the viewpoint of residual ISI, residual error and convergence speed in comparison with MMA and Stop-and-Go algorithm. Algorithm has a new error function using the decided original constellation instead of the reduced constellation. By computer simulation, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has the performance superiority in terms of residual ISI and convergence speed compared with the adaptive blind equalization algorithm of CMA family, Constant Modulus Algorithm with Carrier Phase Recovery and Modified CMA(MCMA).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2019

Objectives: The Samsung Ombudsperson Commission was launched as an independent third-party institution following an agreement among Samsung Electronics, Supporters for Health and Right of People in Semiconductor Industry (Banolim in Korean, an independent NGO), and the Family Compensation Committee, in accordance with the industry accident prevention measure required by the settlement committee to address the issues related to employees who allegedly died from leukemia and other diseases as a result of working at Samsung's semiconductor production facilities. Methods: The Commission has carried out a comprehensive range of activities to review and evaluate the status of the company's occupational accidents management system, as well as occupational safety and health risk management within its facilities. Results: Based on the results of this review, termed a comprehensive diagnosis, the Commission presented action plans for improvement to strengthen the company's existing safety and health management system and to effectively address uncertain risks in this area going forward. Conclusions: The Commission will monitor the execution of the suggested tasks and provide advice and guidance to ensure that Samsung's semiconductor and liquid crystal display production lines are safer.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2021

The youths are characterized by their reckless and ambitious behavior. They exhibit a strong tendency to make risky decisions that may jeopardize their future. These qualities are also in line with their experience-seeking behavior. As young entrepreneurs aim high in profit-seeking activities, their ethical stance may be compromised. Moreover, their money profile increases at an accelerated pace, leading them to love money even more. Quantitatively, this study was the first to investigate the behavior of young entrepreneurs in terms of their love of money, religiosity, and ethical perceptions by adopting the hadith perspective in Islamic tradition by developing the scales of all constructs. The respondents were 261 members of the Indonesian Young Entrepreneur Association in Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. This study also examined gender as the moderating variable. This study found that the love of money affects ethical perception negatively; on the other hand, religiosity positively affected ethics. Gender is found to moderate religiosity, but not love of money. These results signify the harmful impact of loving money too much on young entrepreneurs' ethics; furthermore, the scales developed from hadith revelation were able to capture the empirical findings significantly.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.375-388
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing depression among married Vietnamese immigrant women living in Korea. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the dataset from the Korean 2018 National Multicultural Family Survey. The data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott x² test and multiple logistic regression using complex samples analysis. Results: The proportion of married Vietnamese immigrant women subjects in Korea who experienced depression was 27.7%. The factors affecting depression were age, length of stay in Korea, living area, economic status, difficulties in using medical care, difficulties faced during their stay in Korea and Korean language skills relationship with spouse and parents-in-law marital conflicts, cultural differences, their experience of social discrimination, life satisfaction, and meeting with friends from their homeland. Conclusion: The findings in this study indicate that the prevention of depression in married immigrant women in Korea could be aided by acculturation programs that deal with the relationships with their spouses and social supports.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.182-201
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine a married nurse's experience of child rearing through being applied to phenomenological research method. By exchanging their experiences, helping and understanding one another, married nurses can work with delight considering their own present job as their lifelong job. In addition this study can help single nurses overcome the female crises such as marriage, childbirth, and child rearing they will experience in the future. The subjects of this research was 26 married nurses who work for a university hospital in affiliation in Seoul and have children. The period of materials collection was from Feb. 1st to Mar. 3, 1995. The method of materials collection was primarily to write down a questionary with openhearted contents. In collecting it, the respondents were allowed to say at their pleasure through further interview. The materials were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) The responses of married nurses' experience of child rearing-[pleasure] [family solidarity] [maternal-infant attachment] [understanding] [toilsome]-were induced. That is, at once affirmative experience and hard experience coexisted. 2) The method of married nurses' child rearing-[rearing politely] [raising understanding] [having the sense of family community] [rearing with praying the heart] [careless]-were induced. 3) The support system of married nurses' child rearing-[having help family] [having help from others]-were induced. According to the above findings, the married nursed showed affirmative responses about their experience of child rearing, but at the same time they expressed painful when stayed apart from their children on account of their job or when their children were sick. In the method of child rearing, they tried to grow their children polite because there was much time for them to stay apart from their children. And they tried to give a better explanation in order that their children can have an independence spirit. They tended to compensate through frequent physical touch with their children. As the support system of married nurses' child rearing, they asked their parents or their parents-in-law to take care of their children, hired a nursery governess in their houses, or used a children's home, if they can't afford to. That is, the only one who has a firm sense of her profession, tries to inspire her accomplishment, and is receiving her husband' love and understanding is considered to perform two things simultaneously with harmony, having an recognition of lifelong job. Suggestions 1. The method to solve mental troubles on child rearing should be groped. 2. Their economical burden should be reduced by establishing children's home in their working places, and the increase of maternal-infant interaction should be contrived. 3. The chance of education should be offered in order that married nurses themselves might inspire self-conceit and professionalism on clinical nursing. 4. The familiar mood should be created through planning the programs to be accompanied with children as an annual event in hospital. 5. The part-time nurse system should be suggested to utilize. 6. The system of circulation working should be converted into the system of fixing working according to the characteristic of each department. 7. Programs for special activities such as learning foreign languages and computer should be supported positively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8107-8112
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• 2016

Background and Aims: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Malaysian Chinese version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire core (QLQ-C30) in patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Translated versions of the QLQ-C30 were obtained from the EORTC. A cross sectional study design was used to obtain data from patients receiving treatment at two teaching hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Malaysian Chinese version of QLQ-C30 was self-administered in 96 patients while the Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) was generated by attending surgeons. Statistical analysis included reliability, convergent, discriminate validity, and known-groups comparisons. Statistical significance was based on p value ${\leq}0.05$. Results: The internal consistencies of the Malaysian Chinese version were acceptable [Cronbach's alpha (${\alpha}{\geq}0.70$)] in the global health status/overall quality of life (GHS/QOL), functioning scales except cognitive scale (${\alpha}{\leq}0.32$) in all levels of analysis, and social/family functioning scale (${\alpha}=0.63$) in patients without a stoma. All questionnaire items fulfilled the criteria for convergent and discriminant validity except question number 5, with correlation with role (r = 0.62) and social/family (r = 0.41) functioning higher than with physical functioning scales (r = 0.34). The test-retest coefficients in the GHS/QOL, functioning scales and in most of the symptoms scales were moderate to high (r = 0.58 to 1.00). Patients with a stoma reported statistically significant lower physical functioning (p=0.015), social/family functioning (p=0.013), and higher constipation (p=0.010) and financial difficulty (p=0.037) compared to patients without stoma. There was no significant difference between patients with high and low KPS scores. Conclusions: Malaysian Chinese version of the QLQ-C30 is a valid and reliable measure of HRQOL in patients with colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.389-412
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• 1994

This study was done to investigate stress and coping methods of mothers with brain disease children. The subjects for this study were obtained by taking a sample of mothers with brain disease children hospitalized in neurosurgery ward of K medical center in Seoul from Nov. 20, 1992 to Mar. 10, 1993. The collected date were analized by S.P.S.S. program(frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation). The results of the study were as follow. 1. The mean of the degree of mothers' stress was 3.681. Of the stress categories, illness treatment (4.216) was highest, and the next were in order of ill-ness status and prognosis(4.154) , family relation-ships and personal roles(3.202), interpersonal relationships(2.916). 2. The mean of the degree of mothers' coping method was 2.930. Of the coping method categories, communication with medical team or parents in similar situations(3.332) was highest, and the next were in or-der of family cooperation and optimistic thought about the situation(3.241), reforcement of self esteem and maintenance of psychological stability(2.538). 3. There was not seen a stastically significant correlation between stress factors and coping methods of mothers. But with categories, the higher the stress to illness status and prognosis was, the hight coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in similar situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2776, P=.046) . And the higher the stress to illness treatment was, the higher coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in simial situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2727, P=.049). 4. With the difference of stress according to mothers' general characteristics, religion and monthly income shew a statically significant difference. The mothers' group who have a religion shew the higher degree of stress(t=-3.17, P=.003), The group who get the most income shew highest degree of stress (F=.4693, P=.0156). With the difference of coping according to mothers' general characteristics, the most support-ing person, satisfaction with husbands and mothers' own health status shew a statistically significant difference. The group who get the most support from parents-in-law(F=3.7508, P=.013), the group who are much satisfied with husband(F=3.589, P=.016), and the group whose health status are good(F=3.3675, P=.046), shew the highest coping degree. 5. There were no significant difference in degree of stress and coping by children's characteristics The significance of the study will be concluded as follows. 1. Investigating the stress factors, which mothers are perceiving, it will be utilized as the basic materials of nursing plan so as to reduce the stress of mothers. 2. In searching for the ways of mothers' more helpful coping methods, it shows the necessity of the active nursing intervention for the mothers in the process of coping with their stress. That is, the nurse should serve the earnest nursing as counselor, supporter, educator, and information - provider. 3. Recogning mothers as well as children with brain disease as a client, the nurse will be able to help the mother, who is taking care of the children, cope with the stress situation well, and to make a contribution to the recovery, rehabilitation, and health of the children and to the enhancement of the family' health.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.16
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• pp.36-70
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate women's radio talk program and evaluate its possibilities and limitation from the point of feminist perspective. The theoretical framework is based on feminist studies and text analysis of talk show. Existing studies regarding talk show are mainly focused on television. But radio talk show is one of general entertainment and it's influences on minorities are still significant. is the most representative women's radio talk program in Korea. It has been broadcasted over 10 years and very popular among Korean housewives. The audience of this program call themselves schoolfellow, and call the program 'school of women'. The media text of is mainly consisted of letters from women audiences, and they are selected by producers. So the text is made by both audiences and producers. The unique combination of this process produces complicated discourses which contain women's experiences in letters and station's considerations through safekeeping. The problems investigated in this study are as follows: First, What discourses are produced in this program? Second, Alternative possibilities can be seen in this program in feminist perspectives? Text analysis of 1week(2000.9.18-9.24) and interview with producers are accomplished to this purposes. In the text analysis, subject matters, inscribed women's position, values of the letters are revealed. Most of the subject matters are family affairs. Some are socially oriented but family and home are the predominant category of women's letters. And the position of women subject is defined in the domestic network. They are nameless but the mother, wife, daughter, daughter-in-law of other people. In value, family-oriented value and small happiness in everyday life are generally appeared. But these values are essentially coincide with the values of status quo. The answers of the conflict are not public but individualized. And acception the status quo is presented as the wisest decision, But ` has many implications in relation to women's sharing of their experience, and construction of imagined community in media. Women continuously interact each other revealing and discussing their experiences and sometimes their social practices are stirred through this media sphere. So we see the 'emotional union' among women are formed through radio. The limitation of this program is very apparent: it's patriarchic values, acception of status quo, and individualization of the women's problems. But in the same time we can read coexisting it's latent possibilities: the possibilities of women's public sphere. But it is completely alternative women's sphere in feminist perspectives. It renders women opportunities to participate public media and share with other women, and collaborate with their problem.