• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 2019

Purpose: This study used a system dynamics methodology to identify correlation and nonlinear feedback structures among factors affecting adolescent cyberbullying victims (CV) in Korea and to construct and verify a simulation model. Methods: Factors affecting CV were identified by reviewing a theoretical background in existing literature and referencing various statistical data. Related variables were identified through content validity verification by an expert group, after which a causal loop diagram (CLD) was constructed based on the variables. A stock-flow diagram (SFD) using Vensim Professional 7.3 was used to establish a CV model. Results: Based on the literature review and expert verification, 22 variables associated with CV were identified and the CLD was prepared. Next, a model was developed by converting the CLD to an SFD. The simulation results showed that the variables such as negative emotions, stress levels, high levels of conflict in schools, parental monitoring, and time spent using new media had the strongest effects on CV. The model's validity was verified using equation check, sensitivity analysis for timestep and simulation with 4 CV adolescent. Conclusion: The system dynamics model constructed in this study can be used to develop intervention strategies in schools that are focused on counseling that can prevent cyberbullying and assist in the victims' recovery by formulating a feedback structure and capturing the dynamic changes observed in CV. To prevent cyberbullying, it is necessary to develop more effective strategies such as prevention education, counseling and treatment that considers factors pertaining to the individual, family, school, and media.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2022

Pharyngeal pouches, a series of outgrowths of the pharyngeal endoderm, are a key epithelial structure governing facial skeleton development in vertebrates. Pouch formation is achieved through collective cell migration and rearrangement of pouch-forming cells controlled by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. While essential transcription factors and signaling molecules have been identified in pouch formation, regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics have not been reported yet in any vertebrates. Cofilin1-like (Cfl1l) is a fish-specific member of the Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/Cofilin family, a critical regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the expression and function of cfl1l in pouch development in zebrafish. We first showed that fish cfl1l might be an ortholog of vertebrate adf, based on phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate adf and cfl genes. During pouch formation, cfl1l was expressed sequentially in the developing pouches but not in the posterior cell mass in which future pouch-forming cells are present. However, pouches, as well as facial cartilages whose development is dependent upon pouch formation, were unaffected by loss-of-function mutations in cfl1l. Although it could not be completely ruled out a possibility of a genetic redundancy of Cfl1l with other Cfls, our results suggest that the cfl1l expression in the developing pouches might be dispensable for regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics in pouch-forming cells.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.51-81
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• 2012

This paper empirically investigates the dynamics of the poverty-higher education gap in Korea. Poverty may lead to a gap in access to higher education through two channels: the short-term inability to pay college tuition and fees and long-term disadvantages arising from one's environment that impede the development of academic ability. A regression analysis based on data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel suggests that it is long-term disadvantages that plays a dominant role in the dynamics of this gap. We also replicate a study carried out by Carneiro and Heckman, who have addressed a similar question in the US. Again, the results confirm that the crucial constraint is the long-term accumulation of disadvantages arising mainly from family background, not the short-term constraint. These findings suggest that policies designed to alleviate short-term financial constraints, such as tuition reduction, will be less effective in reducing the gap in accessing four-year college in Korea than policies involving early intervention in children's development.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.71-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of the family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and the elderly women by examining the experience of grandmothers who refused to support raising their grandchildren. The researcher focused on grandmothers who have been in charge of caring the family in the main and tried to explore the reasons for their decision not to take care of their grandchildren. For the purpose, Research participants were seven elderly women who have refused raising of their grand-children. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed based on the phenomenological method. As results, it turned out that the elderly women refused caring of their grandchildren due to the burden of parenting and the rejection of an extended mother role, and the fear of family conflicts, but they felt sorry about their refusal of a request for caring support from their adult children. Second. these decisions caused various dynamics of the family members, and they were experiencing psychological difficulties. Third, elderly women perceived raising of grandchildren as a task of adult children or a problem for which the society should be accountable, and felt that the family and the society have shifted the responsibility to them. This research result confirms that a new generation of the elderly women have emerged who have different viewpoints on caregiving. It also presents a necessity to reflect the viewpoints of elderly who are mainly concerned when establishing a policy of caregiving. Based on this finding, this study also presents implications regarding support for family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and support for the elderly women.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.233-247
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• 2017

This study compares how mother-daughter differentiation influences solidarity and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The subjects of this study were 167 mothers-in-law (mean age, 59.6 years) paired with their sons-in-law (mean age, 36.9 years). Participants were given quantitative survey questionnaires on their relationships. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for the social and demographic characteristics of mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Ordinary least square multiple regression analyses were also conducted to examine the level of mother-daughter differentiation, solidarity, and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The results show that a higher age of the mothers-in-law results in lower relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Next, an increase the level of mother-daughter differentiation (which means more balance between intimacy and detachability) results in a higher overall solidarity, affectual solidarity, giving functional solidarity, and consensual solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the receiving functional solidarity and normative solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Finally, the results show that a higher level of mother-daughter differentiation produces a higher relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The findings could provide a better understanding of inter-generational relationships in Korean family dynamics. The results also have implications for providing counseling for the development of healthy relationships between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.99-122
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a program for the enhancement of Korean married women's quality of life(LQ) based on the results of the first year study(1996) and the second year research(1998). In order to construct a program, a psycological type test was conducted to 505 women and four preliminary programs were carried out focusing on self-esteem, understanding of one's own personality dynamics, efficient communication, positive emotion, social belongingness and expressions of feelings of unfinished business. For the final program, Jung's theory of psychological type(MBTI, Satir's family therapy approach and psychodrama were applied. An experimental and a control group were designed consisting 16 women for each group. The program was carried out for 6 weeks for the experimental group. The result of treatment were as follows: 1) There was a difference statistically in LQ related to family harmony, serif-achievement and improvement of relationship with in-laws. 2) There was a statistical change in psychological factors of expression of feelings, self-esttem, communication, and positive emotions. 3) The program participants self reports indicate that the program was effective for the reconstruction of family relationship, self-understanding, group coherence, and instigation of hope. The reports also shows that the program was effective for the perceptual changes in parent-child, wife-husband and siblings' relationships. In conclusion, the program developed for the enhancement of Korean married women's life quality(LQ) based on the Jung's psychological type theory, Satir's family therapy approach and psychodrama was erective for the improvement of LQ.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

This study examined the trajectories of the marital satisfaction among middle and old aged couples for 8 years. This study focused on middle and old aged couples who were relatively uninterested in family research. Using the 1-5 Waves of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) 2006-2014, the study included 635 middle and old aged couples whose husbands were 65-74 years old at baseline. First, a latent growth model indicated that a husband's and wife's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased over time. Second, a parallel latent growth model indicated that a husband's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (husband's actor-effect); in addition, a wife's marital satisfaction trajectories also decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (wife's actor-effect). Wife's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more slowly, when the initial level of their husband's marital satisfaction was higher (husband's partner-effect); however, the husband's slope was not associated with the initial level of their wife's. The methodological value of this work shows the application of a parallel latent growth model that includes the actor and partner effect of APIM. The findings extend our understanding of longitudinal marital dynamics between couples and promote a study on the trajectories of marital satisfaction at stages of the family life cycle.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.265-289
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyse the reality and dynamics of transition of work-family reconciliation policy and gender regime in Germany to focus on recent introduction of parents benefit by applying meta path analysis. There is made of 'layering' in work-family reconciliation policy area. Because political barrier has alleviated they can introduce parents benefit, but cannot help stick to child care benefit because of internal barrier. But because parents benefit has activated by 'differential growth', German gender regime has suffered core transition of complementation that dominant structure has changed from 'sequential reconciliation' to 'concomitant reconciliation'. On the other hand, by 'purposeful decoupling' of gender area, core activists have attempted to cut the possibility of weakening of coordination relationship on main institutional areas of German model.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-177
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contexts in which employed mothers with young children consider leaving the labor force. We used a mixed methods design, which integrates the findings of quantitative and qualitative analyses, to better understand the dynamics underlying employed mothers' intentions to leave the labor force. The participants of both quantitative (N = 324) and qualitative (N = 16) data were married mothers who were employed full-time and had at least one child younger than elementary-school age at the time of data collection. Both the quantitative analysis of logistic regression and the qualitative thematic analysis revealed that the child's age, the husband's income, the utilization of child care by relatives, the mother's job involvement, family-to-work role conflict, and other costs and rewards of participation in the work force were the important contexts where employed mothers considered leaving the labor force. The quantitative analysis uniquely found that being employed at a workplace with flexible work hours were associated with lower odds of considering exit from the labor market. The qualitative analysis highlighted that the decision to leave the labor force or to stay in it is a complicated issue that almost all employed mothers potentially face at some point in their careers. These findings suggest that policy support is warranted to help employed mothers with young children remain in the workforce when they wish to.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

The plant hormone auxin is involved in all stages of plant development. Aux/IAAs are the transcriptional repressors that bind to the Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) to regulate the gene expression upon auxin release. Aux/IAA have highly conserved C-terminal domains (domains III-IV) that mediate both homotypic and heterotypic interactions between Aux/IAA and ARF family proteins. Recent studies revealed that the conserved domains III-IV share a common ${\beta}$-grasp fold that oligomerizes in a front-to-back manner. In particular, Aux/IAA contains a mobile insert helix in the domain III-IV, whereas ARFs do not. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the insert helix using paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. The insert helix exhibited fast motions in the ps-ns time scale from $^{15}N$ relaxation data, but the amplitude of the motion is likely limited to the local neighborhood. Our result suggests that the motion of the helix may have functional implications in protein-protein interactions for transcriptional regulations.