• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2009

The balanced scorecard(BSC) framework is a tool for strategic decision making and task support that aims for efficiency in performance management and strategy execution. BSC evolved from an old performance management practice, which tended to be limited to a finance-only perspective, to a new system of corporate management looking at corporate tasks from a multi-dimensional, future-inclined value perspective. This form of BSC amounts to a framework capable of driving management innovation and renewing the ways in which companies conceive their strategy and perform their operations. Since BSC draws integrally on user participation, it can be expected that users' satisfaction with BSC systems is an important factor in systems' success or failure. However, previous studies of the BSC system have not yet considered it as a theoretical model, specifically examining BSC system and task characteristics. To date, only a few studies have put forward plans for the implementation and use of BSC systems, and these studies have the common limitation of failing to consider the circumstances or theoretical structure of the companies for which a BSC system is being proposed. This paper then begins to fill some of this gap by characterizing the BSC system from the perspective of contingency theories. Contingency theories can be particularly useful in the Korean context in exploring how different companies use the BSC system in ways determined by their unique environmental characteristics, which may also determine the performance factors behind the application of a company's particular BSC system. In order to provide concrete suggestions for implanting and using the BSC system from a contingency theory perspective, this study sets out to determine the relationships between the contingency variables affecting BSC system performance and BSC system property variables(in given cases) through an empirical analysis. The study takes into account the perspective from which contingency theory is to be applied in individual cases, sets contingency and BSC property variables with reference to the BSC system user's environment and BSC system's character, and frames initial hypotheses concerning corporate structure and environmental variables and BSC system performance variables with reference to previous studies. A survey was then conducted on users in Korean companies that have implemented the BSC system in order to verify the research model and understand results.

• CRM연구
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2006

Internet B2C marketplace such as 'Auction', 'G Market', 'Daum onket' etc.(called open market) has grown sharply in sales about yearly 100% rate increase in recent 1-2 years in Korea. Although Open marketplace has much reputation and the customer loyalty, almost of merchants participated in open market, which size in sales are medium/small, has poor reputation and trust. Consumers, who have to get in touch with untrustworthy merchants for trade in openmarket, perceive high trade risk which undergo the monetary damages such as 'merchandise never received'. This examines what factors consumer trust develop in online marketplace. This study explores several perceived risk factors in an open market by factor analysis and multi-regression to prove the relationships between the degree of trust for the merchants and the perceived trade risk. 133 data collected from the open market user data in this survey. In this study, the consumer's trade satisfaction in open market is low by 4.2 point degree of 7 point likert scale. and perceives 4 trade risk factors such as (1) 'failure to honor warranty or guarantee' (2) 'defective/poor goods in quality' (3) 'merchandise never received or received late' (4) 'poor information'. the degree of merchant's trust has significant relationship with the degree of perceived risk(sig. = 0.0000, $R^2=.327$) We find that the open market has to enhance the relationship marketing of trust by developing the strategies.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.1 s.91
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

The use of computers for control and monitoring of industrial process has expanded greatly in recent years. The computer used in such applications is shared between a certain number of time-critical control and monitor function and non time-critical batch processing job stream. Embedded systems encompass a variety of hardware and software components which perform specific function in host computer. Many embedded system must respond to external events under certain timing constraints. Failure to respond to certain events on time may either seriously degrade system performance or even result in a catastrophe. In the design of real-time embedded system, decisions made at the architectural design phase greatly affect the final implementation and performance of the system. Flexibility indicates how well a particular system architecture can tolerate with respect to satisfying real-time requirements. The degree of flexibility of real-time system architecture indicates the capability of the system to tolerate perturbations in timing related specifications. Given degree of flexibility, one may compare and rank different implementations. A system with a higher degree of flexibility is more desirable. Flexibility is also an important factor in the trade-off studies between cost and performance. In this paper, it is identified the need for flexibility function and shows that the existing real-time analysis result can be effective. This paper motivated the need for a flexibility for the efficient analysis of potential design candidates in the architectural design exploration or real time embedded system.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.611-620
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• 2016

In the construction of nuclear power plants, only 420 MPa reinforcing bars are allowed and, therefore, so many large-diameter bars are placed, which results in steel congestion. Consequently, re-bar works are difficult and the quality of RC structures may be deteriorated. To solve the steel congestion, 550 MPa bars are necessary. Among many items for verifying structural performance of reinforced concrete with 550 MPa bars, the 43 mm hooked bars are examined in this study. All specimens failed by side-face blowout and the side cover explosively spalled at maximum loads. The bar force was initially transferred to the concrete primarily by bond along a straight portion. At the one third of maximum load, the bond reached a peak capacity and began to decline, while the hook bearing component rose rapidly. At failure, most load was resisted by the hook bearing. For confined specimens with hoops, the average value of test-to-prediction ratios by KCI code is 1.45. The modification factor of confining reinforcement which was not allowed for larger than 35 mm bars can be applied to 43 mm hooked bars. For specimens with 70 MPa concrete, the average value of test-to-prediction ratios by KCI code is 1.0 which is less than the values of the other specimens. The effects of concrete compressive strength should be reduced. An equation to predict anchorage capacity of hooked bars was developed from regression analysis including the effects of compressive strength of concrete, embedment length, side cover thickness, and transverse reinforcement index.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

This study is focused on middle school students who are composed of a factor in medical emergency system. In the case of cardiac failure, it is to make its basic data and develop its education program of CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) which can increase the patient's survival rate before his hospitalization. The findings of this study is as follows. The subject of study is composed of 117 persons who are 54 boy-students(46.2%) and 63 girl-students(53.8%) in sex and 72 first-grade students(61.5%) and 45 second-grade students (38.5%) in a school year. In the accuracy degree, the practice of artificial respiration is $42.28{\pm}34.42%$ in case of basic CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation). The accuracy degree of the thorax pressure is $82.17{\pm}15.40%.$ In the accuracy degree, the practice of artificial respiration is $92.16{\pm}25.68%$ in boy-students and $20.38{\pm}24.16%$ in girl-students, the second-grade students is $58.40{\pm}33.29%$, which is higher than the first-grade students' $32.21{\pm}31.14%$. In the accuracy degree, the thorax pressure is $92.16{\pm}3.91%$ in boy-studetns and $73.61{\pm}16.41%$ in girl-students. In the accuracy degree of the thorax pressure, the second-grade students are $82.60{\pm}16.54%$ and the first-grade students $81.91{\pm}3.91$, which doesn't show any significant difference in school year. The satisfaction degree after theory & practice education is $2.12{\pm}.85$. In the satisfaction degree of its basic CPR, girl-students are $2.14{\pm}.83$ and boy-students are 2.11. In the satisfaction degree of its basic CPR, the second-grade students are $2.40{\pm}.61$ and the first-grade students are $1.95{\pm}.94$. This study is to lead to some suggestions. First, it is necessary to develop the education program and educate its knowledge & technology in proportion to student's characteristics of sex and school year. Second, education authorities should develop a subject of the accident prevention and first-aid treatment in its curriculum and provide the practical education of CPR for adults, adolescents and children. Third, it is necessary to study the education program as well as the education evaluation of CPR further on.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.998-1003
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• 2001

Objective : The maintenance of the correction of kyphotic deformity is one of the difficult problem in tuberculous spondylitis after anterior debriment and fusion with tricortical bone graft. The goal of this study is to find out the efficacy of titanium mesh cage impacted with autogenous bone chip in tuberculous spondylitis treated with anterior intervertebral fusion. Materials and Method : Twelve patients were treated with anterior intervertebral fusion using titanium mesh cage for tuberculous spondylitis from January 1996 to June 1999. We analized the changes in the correction of kyphotic deformity, changes of ESR and CRP, fusion state and recurrence after anterior intervertebral fusion with titanium mesh cage. Results : Clinical symptoms were improved in all twelve patients without any neurologic complications. The mean kyphotic angle corrected was 7.3 degrees immediately after operation, but the loss of correction of kyphotic angle was 2.2 degrees after 3 months and 2.6 degrees after 6 months. We found that the loss of correction of kyphotic deformity occurred mainly within the first 3 months after surgery. Only one patient, suffered from acute hepatic failure after first operation and had an insufficient anti-tuberculous medication therapy, showed recurrence of tuberculous spondylitis after 6 months. The patient underwent a second operation with posterior fixation procedure with good outcome. The changes of ESR and CRP were not specifically important factor to reveal recurrence of tuberculosis of the spine in our series. Conclusion : The surgical procedure of tuberculous spondylitis using titanium mesh cage with bone chip seems to be an effective procedure to minimize loss of the correction of kyphotic deformity without any aggravating inflammatory change and recurrence with titanium mesh cage, when sufficient debridement and anti-tuberculous chemotherapy are achieved.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2006

Purpose : Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is the major risk factor of urinary tract infection(UTI) in children and may result in serious complications such as renal scarring and chronic renal failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between VUR and renal scar formation, the usefulness and correlation of various imaging studies in reflux nephropathy, and the spontaneous resolution of VUR. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 106 patients with VUR with no accompanying urogenital anomalies in the Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Hospital during the period from Jan. 1996 to Mar. 2005. Ultrasonography and $^{99m}Tc$-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan were performed in the acute period of UTI. Voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) was performed 1 to 3 weeks after treatment with UTI. Follow-up DMSA scan was performed 4 to 6 months after treatment and a follow-up VCUG was performed every 12 months. Results : The mean age at detection of VUR was $13.8{\pm}22.2$ months and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The incidence of renal scarring showed a tendency of direct correlation between severity of VUR(P<0.001) and abnormal findings of renal ultrasonography(P<0.01). 63.2%(24 of 38 renal units) of renal parenchymal defects present in the first DMSA scan disappeared on follow-up DMSA scans. Follow-up DMSA scans detected renal scars in 7(14%) of 50 renal units with ultrasonographically normal kidneys. Meanwhile, ultrasonography did not show parenchymal defects in 7(36.8%) of 19 renal units where renal scarring was demonstrated on a follow-up DMSA scan. The spontaneous resolution rate of VUR was higher(75%) in cases with low grade(I to III) VUR(P<0.01). Conclusions : The presence and severity of VUR and abnormal findings of renal ultrasonography significantly correlated with renal scar formation. DMSA scan was useful in the diagnosis of renal defects. Meanwhile renal ultrasonography was an inadequate method for evaluating renal parenchymal damage. Therefore, follow-up DMSA scans should be performed to detect renal scars even in children with low-grade VUR and normal renal ultrasonography.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.667-674
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• 2014

A ship's propulsion shafting system is subjected to varying magnitudes of intermittent loadings that pose great risks such as failure. Consequently, the dynamic characteristic of a propulsion shafting system must be designed to withstand the resonance that occurs during operation. This resonance results from hydrodynamic interaction between the propeller and fluid. For ice-class vessels, this interaction takes place between the propeller and ice. Producing load- and resonance-induced stresses, the propeller-ice interaction is the primary source of excitation, making it a major focus in the design requirements of propulsion shafting systems. This paper examines the transient torsional vibration response of the propulsion shafting system of an ice-class research vessel. The propulsion train is composed of an electric motor, flexible coupling, spherical gears, and a propeller configuration. In this paper, the theoretical analysis of transient torsional vibration and propeller-ice interaction loading is first discussed, followed by an explanation of the actual transient torsional vibration measurements. Measurement data for the analysis were compared with an applied estimation factor for the propulsion shafting design torque limit, and they were evaluated using an existing international standard. Addressing the transient torsional vibration of a propulsion shafting system with an electric motor, this paper also illustrates the influence of flexible coupling stiffness design on resulting resonance. Lastly, the paper concludes with a proposal to further study the existence of negative torque on a gear train and its overall effect on propulsion shafting systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 1998

The management of malignant pleural effusion is a difficult problem. Tetracycline was probably the most commonly used sclerosing agent, but parenteral tetracycline is no longer available. This prospective study was designed to determine the efficacy of insufflated talc in producing plerodesisin patients with malignant pleural effusions. Fifteen patients managed between March 1995 and March 1997 underwent thoracoscopy and had 4 gm sterile asbestos-free talc insufflation throughout the pleural space. The mean interval between the procedure and last follow-up was 101 days(range: 25-233 days). The results of treatment were clinically and radiologically compared with pre-operative status. The results were as follows: 1. The patients were 6 men and 9 women with a mean age of 55.1 years(range: 31-74 years). The primary tumors were lung cancer in 10 patients, breast cancer in two, hepatoma in one, stomach cancer in one, and adenocarcinoma of unkown origin in one. 2. Cancer cell positive ratio was 36% in sputum cytology study and 100% in thoracoscopic biopsy. 3. Symptoms improved in 94% of patients treated by talc pleurodesis. 4. After 30 days of the procedure, there was radiologically no recurrence of plural fluid in 94% patients. 5. There were wound infection in one, respiratory failure in one. In conclusion, the insufflation of 4 gm sterile asbestos-free talc in the pleural space is an effective method to control malignant pleural effusions and patients selection is important factor for reexpansion the lung.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

Objective: The role of chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer has been established in nasopharynx and larynx as definitive therapy and organ preserving therapy, respectively. Oral cavity cancers are relatively uncommon and local recurrence is the main cause of treatment failure. We planned this retrospective study to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced oral cavity cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From 1988 March to 2001 February, locally advanced, previously untreated oral cavity cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were examined. Chemotherapy had been done in the following patients: Histologically proven squamous cell or poorly differentiated carcinoma, stage 3 or 4, and performance state 0-2 patients. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil. Response was evaluated after 2 cycles and in case of no response, definitive local therapy was done; otherwise 3 cycles was done before local treatment. Results: 48 patients were treated and 47 patients were evaluable for responses. Complete response rate was 6.4%(3/47) and partial response 80.0%(38/47), scoring overall response rate of 87.2%. Median time to progression was 27.0 months (95% CI : 0-58months) and overall 5 year survival was 54.8%. 5-year disease-free survival in the patients in remission after local treatment was 51.9%. In multivariate analysis, contributing factor to the survival were response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local treatment modalities. Extensive surgery was done in 10 patients and 25 patents (52.1%) was followed up with preserved function. With median follow-up of 57.0 months, 19 recurrences were detected, most of which were local or regional type. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by local treatment in oral cavity cancer showed high response rate and was thought to be effective therapeutic approach especially in view of organ preservation.