• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.146-158
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• 2014

카멜리나(Camelina sativa)는 십자화과(Brassicaceae)에 속하는 유지작물이다. 카멜리나 종자에는 건물 중의 약 40%에 해당하는 저장 오일을 가지고 있고, 이러한 저장오일은 식품뿐만 아니라 산업재료로 이용이 가능하다. Microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) 효소는 oleic acid를 linoleic acid로 전환시키는데, 종자 내 oleic acid의 함량 차이를 보이는 품종들에서 FAD2 유전자의 polymorphism이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 카멜리나(Camelina sativa L. 품종 CAME)에 존재하는 3개의 FAD2 유전자를 발달하는 종자로부터 분리하였다. 3개의 카멜리나 FAD2 유전자의 염기서열 및 아미노산 서열은 카멜리나 품종 Sunesone과 SRS933으로부터 확인된 FAD2 유전자들과 여러 단자엽 및 쌍자엽 식물의 FAD2 유전자들의 염기서열 및 아미노산 서열과 상동성을 비교하였다. FAD2 효소의 활성을 결정짓는다고 알려진 histidine motif (HECGHH, HRRHH 그리고 HVAHH)와 효소 활성에 영향을 주는 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) 마커라고 알려진 소수성 아미노산 계열인 valine 혹은 isoleucine이 3 개의 카멜리나 FAD2에서도 잘 보존되어 있음을 확인하였다. 세개의 카멜리나 FAD2 유전자들 중 CsFAD2-1의 경우 카멜리나의 발달하는 조직에서 전반적으로 높은 발현 양상을 보이는 반면 CsFAD2-2와 CsFAD2-3.1은 꽃과 발달하는 종자에서 특이적인 발현을 보였다. 애기장대 fad2-2 돌연변이체에 3개의 카멜리나 FAD2를 각각 도입한 형질전환 식물체의 종자에는 애기장대 fad2-2 돌연변이체 종자대비 oleic acid의 함량이 감소하고, linoleic acid 함량은 증가하는 표현형이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 카멜리나로부터 분리된 3개의 FAD2가 효소로서 활성을 가지고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 더불어 분리된 카멜리나의 FAD2 유전자는 종자 오일 성분이 변화된 유지작물을 개발하는데 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

The Arabidopsis ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid desaturase (AtFAD7) catalyzes the synthesis of trienoic fatty acids (TA). A transgenic tobacco line, T15, was produced by a sense AtFAD7 construct and showed a cosuppression-like phenotype, namely extremely low TA levels. The sequence similarity between AtFAD7 and a tobacco ortholog gene, NtFAD7, was moderate (about 69%) in the coding sequences. AtFAD7 siRNAs accumulated at a high level, and both AtFAD7 and NtFAD7 mRNAs are degraded in T15 plants. The low-TA phenotype in T15 was dependent on a tobacco RNA-dependent RNA polymerase6 (NtRDR6). We also produced tobacco RNAi plants targeting AtFAD7 gene sequences. The AtFAD7 siRNA level was trace, which was associated with a slight reduction in leaf TA level. Unexpectedly, this RNAi plant showed an increased NtFAD7 transcript level. To investigate the effect of translational inhibition on stability of the NtFAD7 mRNAs, leaves of the wild-type tobacco plants were treated with a translational inhibitor, cycloheximide. The level of NtFAD7 mRNAs significantly increased after cycloheximde treatment. These results suggest that the translational inhibition by low levels of AtFAD7 siRNAs or by cycloheximide increased stability of NtFAD7 mRNA. The degree of silencing by an RNAi construct targeting the AtFAD7 gene was increased by co-existence of the AtFAD7 transgene, where NtRDR6-dependent amplification of siRNAs occurred. These results indicate that NtRDR6 can emphasize silencing effects in both cosuppression and RNAi.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.42.1-42.16
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• 2021

Background: Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important viral disease primarily affecting broiler and breeder chickens. All 12 serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) can cause IBH. Objectives: To characterize FAdV isolates based on phylogenetic analysis, and to study the pathogenicity of FAdV-8b in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens following virus inoculation via oral and intramuscular (IM) routes. Methods: Suspected organ samples were subjected to virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for FAdV detection. Hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on FAdV-positive samples for serotype identification. One FAdV-8b isolate, UPM/FAdV/420/2017, was selected for fiber gene characterization and pathogenicity study and was inoculated in SPF chickens via oral and IM routes. Results: The hexon gene phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to FAdV-8b. The fiber gene-based phylogenetic analysis of isolate UPM/FAdV/420/2017 supported the grouping of that isolate into FAdV species E. Pathogenicity study revealed that, chickens infected with UPM/FAdV/420/2017 via the IM route had higher clinical score values, higher percent mortality, higher degree of the liver lesions, higher antibody response (p < 0.05), and higher virus shedding amounts (p < 0.05) than those infected via the oral route. The highest virus copy numbers were detected in liver and gizzard. Conclusions: FAdV-8b is the dominant FAdV serotype in Malaysia, and pathogenicity study of the FAdV-8b isolate UPM/FAdV/420/2017 indicated its ability to induce IBH in young SPF chickens when infected via oral or IM routes.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1997

Linoleic acid를 linolenic acid로 전환시키는 지방산불포화효소의 유전자(fad3)를 유채의 fad3 DNA probe를 이용한 plaque hybridization방법으로 $\lambda$ZAPII Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA expression library로부터 분리하였으며 1.8 kb-EcoRI DNA조각을 지니는 lambda clone을 pGEM7으로 subcloning하여 염기서열을 분석하였다. 그 결과로부터의 아미노산서열분석에 의하면 fad3 유전자는 open reading frame이 386개의 아미노산으로 이루어졌으며 44,075 Da의 분자량이 예측되고 있다. 엽록체의 $\omega$-3 지방산불포화효소(fad7)와 endoplasmic reticulum의 지방산불포화효소(fad2)와의 비교시 각각 70%와 58%의 유사성이 나타났다. 특히 82-151의 아미노산서열과 276-333의 아미노산지역은 보존성이 높았으며 이는 불포화지방산효소의 기능에 필수적인 지역으로 보여진다. 한편 대장균을 이용한 IPTG에 의한 Fad3단백질의 유도생성은 대장균의 생육에 독성효과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제23권3_4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1979

Experiments were carried out to investigate for the interaction between FAD solution and synthetic resin containers made of polyvinylchloride(PVC), polyethylene(PE), and polycarbonate(PC), and for the effect of glycyrrhizine or malic acid on stabilization of FAD in aqueous solution by accelerated stability analysis. Analysis of FAD was determined by means of spectrometer and by separating by paper chromatography and metal ions were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, which were extracted from containers by means of Food and Additive Regulation Standard. The thermal decomposition of FAD in aqueous solution was pseudo first order reaction and it was inhibited by adding glycyrrhizine or malic into the solution. PVC, PE and PC containers accelerated the decomposition of FAD in solution. It is assumed that bivalent heavy metals in resin containers may catalize the hydrolysis of FAD. The metals detected from the containers were Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd. And the total amounts of detected metals from PVC were 6.2mcg/cm$^{2}$, PE, 5.5mcg/cm$^{2}$, and PC, 2.7mcg/cm$^{2}$ which were proportional to the rate constant of FAD decomposition in aqueous solution.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.331-334
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• 2004

재조합 E. coli를 이용한 MCL-PHA의 생산에서 fatty acid pathway로부터 PHA 생합성 전구체 물질들이 만들어진다는 사실과 함께 이에 관여하는 enzymes이 밝혀지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 protein homology search로부터 탐색된 paaG와 ydbU genes의 PHA 생합성에서의 역할을 확인하기 위하여 paaG와 ydbU gene이 각각 knock-out된 mutant E. coli strains 를 제작하였다. 제작된 mutant E. coli들은 모균주들보다 낮은 PHA 농도와 함량을 가졌으며, 이러한 결과들로부터 paaG와 ydbU는 fatty acid pathway에서 PHA synthesis의 전구체 물질들을 공급한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한, 새로운 FadB homologous enzyme YgfG를 탐색하였으며, ygfG gene이 overexpression된 균주와 ygfG mutant를 제작하여 PHA 합성을 실험한 결과 ygfG도 paaG와 ydbU와 유사한 역할을 한다는 사실을 밝혔다. 이러한 연구결과들은 E. coli에서의 MCL-PHA 단량체들의 합성 경로를 확인하여 효과적인 PHA 생산 균주를 제작할 수 있게 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

We created a new graphite-Cu(II) electrode and found that the electrode could catalyze FADH$_2$ oxidation and FAD reduction coupled to electricity production and consumption, respectively. In a fuel cell with graphite-Cu(II) anode and graphite-Fe(III) cathode, the electricity was produced by coupling to the spontaneous oxidation of FADH$_2$ Fumarate and xylose were not produced from the enzymatic oxidation of succinate and xylitol without FAD, respectively, but produced with FAD. The production of fumarate and xylose in the reactor with FAD electrochemically regenerated was maximally 2- 5 times higher than that in the reactor with FAD. By using this new electrode with catalytic function, a bioelectrocatalysts can be engineered; namely, oxidoreductase (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase) and FAD can function for biotransformation without an electron mediator and second oxidoreductase for cofactors recycling.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2020

In order to understand characteristics on bycatch of Korean tuna purse seine fishery, especially operations associated with Fish Aggregating Device (FAD) in the Indian Ocean, we conducted analyses related to bycatch by school association type (unassociated school, FAD associated school and log associated school) using the data collected by scientific observers from 2016 to 2018. The FAD used by Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Indian Ocean was a drifting FAD, which belongs to non-entangling FADs according to the category proposed by the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF). The target species of Korean tuna purse seine fishery are skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tunas, accounting for 99% of the total catch. The ratio of bycatch was 0.97% in total catch and the discard accounted for less than 1%, indicating that most catch was retained on board. In terms of bycatch ratio by school association type, it accounted for 0.12% for unassociated school, 1.09% for FAD associated school and 1.25% for log associated school. As for the catch proportion of shark species by school association type, it accounted for 0.01% for unassociated school, 0.11% for FAD associated school and 0.10% for log associated school, which showed that unassociated school type was the lowest to affect bycatch of non-target and shark species. Given the proportion of bycatch compositions, however, it is considered that FAD associated school of Korean tuna purse seine fishery has less caught bycatch species of non-target and shark, compared to other fleets operating in the Indian Ocean.

• 센서학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.156-159
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• 2018

We developed a glucose sensor using glucose dehydrogenase flavin adenine dinucleotide (GDH-FAD). The structure of the three-layer glucose sensor was simplified, in which a single-layer design was used to lower the unit cost, and GDH-FAD was used to increase the measurement reliability. GDH-FAD has less impact on the 20 interfering substances that affect blood glucose measurement, such as galactose and maltose compared to glucose oxidase (GOD), and is not affected by the oxygen saturation; therefore, it is possible to measure both arterial or venous blood and thus less susceptibility to hematocrit. In this study, we developed a single-layer glucose sensor strip with low hematocrit effect using the GDH-FAD enzyme, and measured and evaluated the performance.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.54-59
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• 2004

In this paper probabilistic fracture mechanics(PFM) approach is employed to evaluate the integrity of CANDU Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes. Modified failure assessment diagram(Jr-FAD), plastic collapse, and critical crack length(CCL) approach are used for evaluating failure probability of the tubes. Jr-FAD was extended from the Kr-FAD because fracture of pressure tubes occurs in brittle manner due to hydrogen embrittlement of material by deuterium fluence. For developing the probabilistic integrity evaluation module, AECL procedures and fracture toughness parameters of EPRI were used.