• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.

• IE interfaces
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 2001

In this paper, we estimate the investment cost for the IMT-2000 services in Korea. The network elements for the IMT-2000 system are drawn out and the required number of base stations(Node-B) is predicted by using the coverage of the base station. With the assumption of the 2-generation mobile communications network configuration, the number of radio network controllers(RNC's) and core network facilities is estimated. We also setup different scenarios by considering the utilization of the transmission facilities between base stations, RNC's and switching systems, and then evaluate the investment cost for each scenario.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1987

A commodity distribution problem with intertemporal storage facilities and dynamic transportation networks is proposed. mathematical integer programming methods and multiobjective programming techniques are used in the model formulation. Dynamic characteristics of commodity distribution problems are taken into account in the model formulation. storage facility location problems and transportation link addition problems are incorporated into the intertemporal multicommodity distribution problem. The model is capable of generating the most efficient and rational commodity distribution system. Therefore it can be utilized to provided the most effective investment plan for the transportation infrastructure development as well as to evaluate the existing commodity distribution system. The model determines simultaneously the most efficient locations, sizes, and activity levels of storage facilities as well as new highway links. It is extended to multiobjective planning situations for the purpose of generating alternative investment plans in accordance to planning situations. sine the investment in transportation network improvement yields w\several external benefits for a regional economy, the induced benefit maximization objective is incorporated into the cost minimization objective. The multiobjective model generates explicitly the trade-off between cost savings and induced benefits of the investment in transportation network improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 2007

The investment of BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) projects for the educational facilities has been increased since 2005. However, many trial errors and problems have been occurring due to the lack of inspection criteria in maintenance cost for the lift cycle of the facilities. Thus, purpose of this study is to derive regression equation for the daily inspection and the regular inspection through analysis of CAD data in order to set the inspection criteria. It is possible to calculate economical maintenance cost of BTL project in educational facilities using criteria of inspection time through the regression equation developed in this study.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.485-490
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• 2009

The present study has been conducted to accomplish the investment and analysis, to make the construction manuals, to draw the standards, and to build quality and standards informations of the plumbing/drainage facilities materials. The application plan and the anticipation effect of this results include as follows. (1) The investment and analysis of the plumbing/drainage facilities materials is able to suggest the technology trends and the trends analysis in the construction materials. (2) The quality and standards informations of the plumbing/drainage facilities materials are possible to be the construction faculty and the cost/energy reduction in the construction materials. (3) The standards methods of the plumbing/drainage facilities materials are useful for the reliability guarantee and quality escalation in the construction materials. (4) The standard manuals of the plumbing/drainage facilities materials are applied to the specifications in the construction materials.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

This paper addresses the correlation between the flood damage cost and recovery cost. National data (15 regions) for 20 years, panel data, has been analyzed for this test. Model specification of panel data analysis depends on the characteristics of data set and "fixed" or "random" effects model can be used. The results are represented in both models. As we expected all independent variables show positive relationship with recovery cost, except for the number of death and suffers. The damage of public facilities, such as rivers and road are the major factors on the damage and recovery cost, which means that flood damage can not be decreased without decreasing damages of public facilities from floods. Especially, the recovery cost is always higher than the damage cost and investment for flood control. Unlikely, government investment for flood control is the highest and recovery cost is the always lower than da mage cost andinvestment in Japan. Which means that proper investment can reduce economic damage cost of flood and recovery cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.4 s.21
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• pp.61-66
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to develop a Cost-Benefit analysis system which would help us to make optimal decision among safety investment alternatives, calculating and comparing costs and benefits for facilities in chemical plants. So, the accident frequency analysis module and the accident damage prediction module were developed for estimating quantitative risks in chemical facilities, and domestic societal risk criterion was presented after the comparative analysis of major industrial cases and societal risk criteria of advanced countries like the Netherlands, Australia, U.S.A., U.K., and Germany. Also, the Cost-Benefit Analysis System which compares the safety investment alternatives based on their deduced net present values was developed through the selection of proper cost and benefit items by field studies

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Inflation uncertainty is known to have deleterious effects on facilities investment by disturbing the corporate decision on the opportunity cost of investment. In this paper, we test the validity of this hypothesis in Korea by estimating the inflation uncertainty with both a time-varing parameter model with GARCH disturbances and the relative price volatility and then, estimate the facilities investment equation which includes those uncertainty indicators. The uncertainty indexes estimated by the above-mentioned methods continue to fluctuate even after the inflation rate has dropped dramatically reflecting the structural changes of Korea's economy since the financial crisis in 1997. As a result of estimation of the investment equation by both OLS and GMM, we find the inflation uncertainty has a negative effect on facilities investment with a statistical significance. Moreover, by means of Markov-switching regression model utilized to verify the non-linearity of this relationship, we draw a conclusion that this negative effect of inflation uncertainty heightens asymmetrically during the downturn periods of business cycle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The analysis used in this work was cost-benefit analysis method. All future costs and returns of a given mushroom house were discounted to the time of initial investment (present) by means of 3.5% discount rate. Then the cost of ownership was compared to the return from the system. This analysis method has been developed and coded into a balance sheet for use on a EXCEL program. Using this programmed analysis,a large number of the case studies were examined using different combinations of economic conditions. These results will be very useful to individuals considering investment in a mushroom house, or any similar production system. By the way of the sensitivity analysis for each important parameter, the change of the marginal cost-benefit period could be finally determined. These parameters were typically construction cost of mushroom house, cost of cooling system, required cooling and heating energy amounts, unit price of mushroom media bottle, growing number of media bottles, production weight per unit bottle, sale price of mushroom, and annual number of growing period, etc.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

When a building is planned and designed, the design should be able to minimize the cost during the whole life cycle of the building. This study has begun to analyze LCC about the alternative design which is applicable to renewable energy facility construction. It is reviewed domestic and foreign papers about the trend of LCC technology and it is determined the analytical method to analyze the LCC of renewable energy. Regarding the review of alternatives, it is chosen the three alternatives which are able to designed combing the renewable energy facilities and it is performed the LCC analysis about each alternative. Alternative 1 is Photovoltaic + Solar Thermal + Photovoltaic /Wind Power, Alternative 2 is Geothermal + Photovoltaic, and Alternative 3 is Photovoltaic + Solar Thermal. The LCC analysis is present value method, its analytical period is 40 years and it is applied 3.2% of real discount rate. As a result, it is proved that Alternative 1 and Alternative 3 are not able to collectible the early investment cost during the analytical period and Alternative 2 is analyzed that its pay-back period of early investment cost is about 31 years. As the final outcome of this study on case analysis, it is more advantageous to use the combination of Geothermal and Photovoltaic energy than to use the other combination in LCC aspect.