• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.337-344
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• 2020

Facial paralysis is a devastating disease, the treatment of which is challenging. The use of the masseteric nerve in facial reanimation has become increasingly popular and has been applied to an expanded range of clinical scenarios. However, appropriate selection of the motor nerve and reanimation method is vital for successful facial reanimation. In this literature review on facial reanimation and the masseter nerve, we summarize and compare various reanimation methods using the masseter nerve. The masseter nerve can be used for direct coaptation with the paralyzed facial nerve for temporary motor input during cross-facial nerve graft regeneration and for double innervation with the contralateral facial nerve. The masseter nerve is favorable because of its proximity to the facial nerve, limited donor site morbidity, and rapid functional recovery. Masseter nerve transfer usually leads to improved symmetry and oral commissure excursion due to robust motor input. However, the lack of a spontaneous, effortless smile is a significant concern with the use of the masseter nerve. A thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the masseter nerve, along with careful patient selection, can expand its use in clinical scenarios and improve the outcomes of facial reanimation surgery.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.140-146
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• 2004

Objectives : this study is to see if there is a significance in thermal differences of acupoints in diagnosis and treatment period of facial paralysis and to substantiate the validity of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for it. Methods : 1. By using DITI, thermal differences of acupoints on the face and the upper limbs of 13 Bell's palsy patients were measured around 3 days after an attack of the disease. These 13 patients, whose treatment progress was monitored up to 6 months after attack, were among the inpatients and outpatients of oriental internal medicine of National Medical Center from July 1 to August 31. 2. The patients were divided into 1month, 2-3months, 4months, 6months groups according to the occasion of improvement and thermal averages of each treatment period measured. Results : When it takes within 1 month for the condition of facial paralysis to change for the better, DITI image shows the temperature of the affected face parts and arms is higher than that of the non-affected parts. However, when it takes more than 4 months, the temperature of the affected face parts and arms on DITI image is lower than that of the non-affected parts. Conclusions : Hereby, prognosis of the disease and necessary time for the treatment can be presumed through DITI screening after an occurrence of facial paralysis. Also, condition of the disease is reflected by thermal differences of acupoints for Bell's palsy treatment that are in accordance with the theory of meridian on the face. This supports the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for this disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical studies on 254 cases of patient with facial paralysis. Methods: We examined the sex, age, region, month, season, physical condition, attened symptoms, the period before admission, the period of treatment the times of treatment, the point of the recovery Results: 1. The distribution of sex was male 119 cases, female 125 cases(1.032:1). The distribution of age was disclosed that fifty was the most in 53 cases(20.9%) 2. In distribution of the region of facial palsy, the ratio of the male-left was 27.6%(70 cases), female-left was 24.4%(62cases), male-right was 23.2%(59 cases), female-right was 24.8%(63 cases). 3. In distribution of contributing frequence in month, January was the most in number(29 cases, 11.4%), In distribution of contributing number in season winter was the most in number(76 cases, 29.9%). 4. In distribution of physical condition, fatigue(99 cases, 40.0%), stress(66 cases 26.0%), cold exposure(43 cases, 16.9%) were investigated highly than other conditions. 5. In distribution of attended symptoms, stylomastoid pain(91 cases, 35.8%), tears(40 cases 15.7%). taste paralysis(29 cases, 11.4%) were investigated highly than other symptoms. 6. In distribution of the period before admission in descending order the first under the third day was the most number in 92 cases(62.2%), over two weeks 22 cases(14.9%) 7. In distribution of the period of treatment, over eight weeks was the most number in 91 cases(35.8%), under a week in 50 cases(19.7%). In distribution of the times of treatment under five times was the most number in 56 cases(14.2%). 8. In distribution of the point of the recovery, under two weeks was the most number in 77 cases(52%).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.131-143
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• 2008

Objectives: Electroacupuncture has the effect of recovering paralytic nerves and muscles. To treat disproportional muscles of expression with electroacupuncture, it is essential that we know the correct point of paralytic muscle. Methods: We investigated 20 cases of patients with facial palsy sequelae. We measured nasolabial angles, checked grade of muscle palsy, and tested ENoG. Results: This study showed significant correlation between nasolabial angles with these muscle groups (zygomatic group I, zygomatic group II, orbicularis oris muscle). Conclusions: Disproportional facesare fixed by muscles of expression observed in facial palsy sequelae. We can treat muscular paralysis of these muscle groups with electroacupuncture for more complete recovery.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

A 25-years-old woman with mandibular prognathism underwent a mandibular setback by way of mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (MSSRO). After 2 days of operation, she developed difficulty of closing her right eye. The blink reflex test and motor nerve conduction study of the right orbicularis oris muscle were revealed right facial neuropathy of unknown origin and House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system (HBFNGS) grade V. For treatment, we initially prescribed oral prednisolone and nimodipine including physical therapy. The samples consisted of 11 facial nerve palsy patients caused by MSSRO and were analysed about onset of facial nerve palsy, postoperative HBFNGS, final HBFNGS, treatment method and recovery time. At 10 weeks of treatment of nimodipine, she had completely regained normal function (HBFNGS grade I) of the right facial nerve. The clinical results lead to assume a fast recovery of facial nerve function by the nimodipine medication, whereas average time of recovery is 16.32 weeks in references. Despite of the limited one patient treated, the result was very promising with respect to a faster recovery of the facial nerve function. Considering the use of nimodipine treatment for peripheral facial nerve palsy following a surgical approach with an anatomically preserved nerve can be recommended.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

Because facial asymmetry is caused by various causes, the cause analysis is important and quantitative index is needed to the evaluation. In this study, we applied the Nottingham Grading System that was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the facial paralysis by tracking the markers through the image processing and calculating the distance between the markers with images obtained by using the webcam, to evaluate facial asymmetry. The existing Nottingham Grading System has a problem of causing a measurement error in the specific case because the left and right are compared by summing the distance change between the feature points of the face part according to the change of the facial expression. We compared the case of the facial asymmetry and case of normal subject by using the existing Nottingham Grading System and the improved Nottingham grading system. In the existing Nottingham Grading System, case of facial asymmetry and case of facial symmetry were 99.0% and 95.0% respectively in the normal range, but the improved Nottingham Grading System showed facial asymmetry case was 74.0% and facial symmetrical case was 93.2%. The results of experiment show that the improved Nottingham Grading System allows detailed evaluation of each site and improved the problem of the Nottingham Grading System for specific cases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.400-409
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• 2000

This study used in vivo intracellular and extracellular field potential recording to evaluate the intrinsic membrane properties and connection pattern within facial nucleus. 1. There were four subdivisions of medial, intermediate, lateral, and dorsolateral in facial nucleus. 2. Principal cells in the facial nucleus was recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The extent of their dendrites and the characteristics of cell body were examined. 3. Principal cells had a large amplitude action potential and afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. 4. The response from facial motonucleus to electrical stimulation of the facial nerve was mainly a monophasic wave, with a latency of 1 msec, which was assumed to reflect antidromic activation of facial motoneurons. In some of rats the response in addition showed late components at a latency of about 7-8 msec, but its amplitude was small. 5 Most of cells exhibited accommodation of spike discharge upon depolarization of membrane by 0.8 nA for 400 ms. Our results support the hypothesis that there normally are weak connections between different parts of the facial motonucleus to explain pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm and facial naive paralysis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-105
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• 1988

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome occurs when herpes zoster afters the facial nerve. It causes vesicular eruption of the pinna, external auditory meaturs and ear drum, severe otalgia with associated facial paralysis and vertigo. We experienced a case of Ramsey Hunt syndrome and managed it with repeated sympathetic blocks using a stellate ganglion block. We achieved early resolution of the eruption, relief of pain and prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. We concluded that SGB was effective treatment against Ramsey Hunt Syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.178-180
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• 2014

Despite significant advances in the treatment of all forms of chronic otitis media (COM), complications still can and do occur, with intracranial complications representing the most life-threatening cases, often requiring immediate therapeutic intervention. Herein, we present a rare case of rapidly progressing facial paralysis with concomitant severe headache and ipsilateral hearing loss secondary to an otogenic brain abscess, treated with the transmastoid approach, drainage, and facial nerve decompression.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.665-667
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• 2012

안면신경마비(facial nerve paralysis)는 주로 편측성으로 발생하는 안면신경장애에 의한 안면표정근의 마비를 뜻한다. 이러한 안면신경마비는 중추성 안면신경마비와 말초성 안면신경마비 두 가지로 나뉜다. 안면신경마비의 증상으로는 이환측, 구각부의 처짐 및 침을 흘리는 등 입 주위의 증상이 있어 안면표정의 변화를 일으킨다.[1] 본 논문은 사진을 입력 받아 얼굴영역에서 입 특징점을 추출하여 입력 받은 데이터가 안면신경마비 환자인지 아닌지 판단하고자 한다.