• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1035-1045
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• 2017

Classification of age and gender has been carried out through different approaches such as facial-based and audio-based classifications. One of the limitations of facial-based methods is the reduced recognition rate over large distances, while another is the prerequisite of the faces to be located in front of the camera. Similarly, in audio-based methods, the recognition rate is reduced in a noisy environment. In contrast, gait-based methods are only required that a target person is in the camera. In previous works, the view point of a camera is only available as a side view and gait data sets consist of a standard gait, which is different from an ordinary gait in a real environment. We propose a feature extraction method using skeleton models from an RGB-D sensor by considering characteristics of age and gender using ordinary gait. Experimental results show that the proposed method could efficiently classify age and gender within a target group of individuals in real-life environments.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.784-791
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• 2004

In this study, we deal with face recognition using fuzzy-based Fisherface method. The well-known Fisherface method is more insensitive to large variation in light direction, face pose, and facial expression than Principal Component Analysis method. Usually, the various methods of face recognition including Fisherface method give equal importance in determining the face to be recognized, regardless of typicalness. The main point here is that the proposed method assigns a feature vector transformed by PCA to fuzzy membership rather than assigning the vector to particular class. In this method, fuzzy membership degrees are obtained from FKNN(Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor) initialization. Experimental results show better recognition performance than other methods for ORL and Yale face databases.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1999

Recently, research and developmental direction of communication system is concurrent adopting voice data and face image in speaking to provide more higher recognition rate then in the case of only voice data. Therefore, we present a method of lipreading in speech image sequence by using the 3-D facial shape model. The method use a feature information of the face image such as the opening-level of lip, the movement of jaw, and the projection height of lip. At first, we adjust the 3-D face model to speeching face image sequence. Then, to get a feature information we compute variance quantity from adjusted 3-D shape model of image sequence and use the variance quality of the adjusted 3-D model as recognition parameters. We use the intensity inclination values which obtaining from the variance in 3-D feature points as the separation of recognition units from the sequential image. After then, we use discrete HMM algorithm at recognition process, depending on multiple observation sequence which considers the variance of 3-D feature point fully. As a result of recognition experiment with the 8 Korean vowels and 2 Korean consonants, we have about 80% of recognition rate for the plosives and vowels. We propose that usability with visual distinguishing factor that using feature vector because as a result of recognition experiment for recognition parameter with the 10 korean vowels, obtaining high recognition rate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a novel method for face recognition which uses polar coordinate instead of conventional cartesian coordinate. Among the central area of a face, we select a point as a pole and make a polar image of a face by evenly sampling pixels in each direction of 360 degrees around the pole. By applying conventional feature extraction methods to the polar image, the recognition rates are improved. The polar coordinate delineates near-pole area more vividly than the area far from the pole. In a face, important regions such as eyes, nose and mouth are concentrated on the central part of a face. Therefore, the polar coordinate of a face image can achieve more vivid representation of important facial regions compared to the conventional cartesian coordinate. The proposed polar coordinate transform was applied to Yale and FRGC databases and LDA and NLDA were used to extract features afterwards. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the conventional cartesian images.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.616-626
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• 2008

The face shape extracted by the depth values has different appearance as the most important facial feature information and the face images decomposed into frequency subband are signified personal features in detail. In this paper, we develop a method for recognizing the range face images by combining the multiple frequency domains for each depth image and depth fusion using fuzzy integral. For the proposed approach, the first step tries to find the nose tip that has a protrusion shape on the face from the extracted face area. It is used as the reference point to normalize for orientated facial pose and extract multiple areas by the depth threshold values. In the second step, we adopt as features for the authentication problem the wavelet coefficient extracted from some wavelet subband to use feature information. The third step of approach concerns the application of eigenface and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method to reduce the dimension and classify. In the last step, the aggregation of the individual classifiers using the fuzzy integral is explained for extracted coefficient at each resolution level. In the experimental results, using the depth threshold value 60 (DT60) show the highest recognition rate among the regions, and the depth fusion method achieves 98.6% recognition rate, incase of fuzzy integral.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2004

According to the survey done among the 20s of university students in Oct. 2002, the female animation characters from Korea and Japan have almost no distinction. Speaking of the features of the characters, they have big eyes, a long nose, an oval face. However, their eyes and mouths are expressed exaggeratedly, which makes them hard to get a good impression from the people. It seems that the identity of Korean female animation characters is disappearing in terms of the copycat from western animation characters. Through the research, the features of 20s of Korean and Japanese girls are compared and they were reviewed from the ideal and biological point of view. Then, the animation characters, which physiognomy has been applied, are created based on result, which I am trying to find the standard model of Korea female animation character. As an ideal point of view, it turns out that Korean has a positive reaction on the female animation characters with the cute & introspective characteristics. On the contrary, Korean has a negative reactions on the ones that were created in a biological viewpoint and has a highly sensitive and discontented characteristics. This shows that Korean do not prefer the female animation characters with highly sensitive and discontented characters. According to the survey, 73.5% of people could find the same 7 kinds of female characters which are shown frequently in the animation. This means that the oriental physiognomy is an effective way to approach to the features of the character's face depending on the characteristics of each female characters. The characters in this study are based on real face of female, but we can create the various animation characters if we apply the partial feature of distinctive each personal face.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1997

This thesis is a reflection of Korean aestheticism and how it has evolved and influenced Korean contemporary fashion throughout the last century. Up to the current, there have been five notable trends of fashion that have been influenced from and have reflected the qualities emblematic of various periods in Korean history. They can be characterized as the era of Missionary fashion, Uniform fashion, Salon fashion, Brand Name Fashion, and finally, fashion from the current era of diversification. The specific characteristics of each fashion era have been analized and illustrated in a comprehensive table. Design characteristics of Korean contemporary fashion are as follows : 1. A point of emphasis is given to facial feature, unconstructive design and ample silhouette and A silhouette, two-piece and pants. Korean style wrap skirt, a smooth curve and layered style. 2. Effect of flatness from material; as methods of quilting, reinforced dual stitching(Kaeki), patchwork, embroidery and goldfoil thread extra, it is turned up that texture of cloth stuff and effects of flatness. 3. Simple color combinations give effects in two different directions For instance, white and a variety of vivid colors, a dull color and bright colors, black, blue. 4. Over-design, diffusion of fashion. Based on the design characteristics described above, the essence of Korea's beauty consciousness can be captured and summarized through the following points: 1. Emotionalism and non-characterism: traditional and simple natural beauty and modernized natural beauty. 2. From authoritism to non-authoritism: traditional and formal personal beauty and casual characteristic beauty. 3. Polaris (antithesis) phenomenon: chastic beauty and ostentatious beauty, simplicity and lavishness, conformity of fashion and originality. Although the beauty consciousness of Korean contemporary fashion is changing from traditional passive metaphor to aesthetic expressionism for the new generation, after all the basic foundation or root of the spiritual beauty of idealism is usually recognized by focusing on the face.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical feature of retaining ligament and fat compartment on the lower eyelid and infraorbital region using a histological method, and to investigate clear definitions for them which could be used generally in the clinical area. Eighteen specimens from eight fresh Korean cadavers were stained with Masson trichrome or hematoxylin and eosin. The ligamentous and fascial fibrous tissue were clearly identified. The ligamentous fibrous tissue which traversed in the superficial and deep fat layer was skin ligament and orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL). The fascial fibrous tissue enclosed the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) and circumferencial adipose tissue. Based on the ligamentous and fascial structure, three fat compartments, septal, suborbicularis oculi and infraorbital fat compartment, could be identified. The OOc attached to orbital rim and dermis by ORL and skin ligament, and the muscle fascicle and fat fascicle provided the connection point to the ORL and skin ligament as enclosing all muscle and fat tissue. The combination of the force made by the skin ligament in the lower eyelid and ORL may decide the level and form of the infraorbital grooves.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.6C
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• pp.585-592
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• 2005

One of the most important things in the researches on diseases is to attach more importance to prevention of a disease and preservation of health than to treatment of a disease, also to foods rather than to medicines. In this context, the most significant concern in examining a patient is to find the presence of disease, and, if any, to diaguose the type of disease, after which a pharmacotherapy is followed. In this paper, various diagnosis methods of Oriental medicines are discussed. And ocular inspection, the most important method among the 4 disease diagnoses of Oriental medicines, is studied. Observing a person's shape and color has been the major method for ocular inspection, which usually has been dependent upon doctor's intuition as of these days. We are developing an automatic system which provides objective basic data for ocular inspection. As the first stage, we applied the signal processing techniques to automatic feature extraction of faces for ocular inspection. Firstly, facial regions are extracted from the point of frontal view, which was followed by extraction of their features. The experiment applied to 20 persons showed that frontal face regions are perfectly extracted, as well as their features, such as eyes, eyebrows, noses and mouths. Future work will seek to address the issues of morphological operation for a few unfinished extraction results, such as combined hair and eyebrows.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new technique of image based rendering(IBR) for the pose transformation of a face by using only a frontal face image and its mesh without a three-dimensional model. To substitute the 3D geometric model, first, we make up a standard mesh set of a certain person for several face sides ; front. left, right, half-left and half-right sides. For the given person, we compose only the frontal mesh of the frontal face image to be transformed. The other mesh is automatically generated based on the standard mesh set. And then, the frontal face image is geometrically transformed to give different view by using Invertible Meshwarp Algorithm, which is improved to tolerate the overlap or inversion of neighbor vertexes in the mesh. The same warping algorithm is used to generate the opening or closing effect of both eyes and a mouth. To evaluate the transformation performance, we capture dynamic images from 10 persons rotating their heads horizontally. And we measure the location error of 14 main features between the corresponding original and transformed facial images. That is, the average difference is calculated between the distances from the center of both eyes to each feature point for the corresponding original and transformed images. As a result, the average error in feature location is about 7.0% of the distance from the center of both eyes to the center of a mouth.