• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.293-304
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to describe the morphologic differences between long-face adults and normal-face adults on the lateral and P-A cephalograms. Long-face and normal-face subifects were selected clinically, and then each of them was taken the lateral cephalogram. According to SN-MP angle and ATFH on the lateral cephalogram, long-face group and normal-face group were classified. 2 long-face adults and 18 normal-face adults were collected, and each of them was taken the P-A cephalogram. The results were as follows: 1. The morphologic differences between long-face adults and normal-face adults were closely related to mandibular morphology. 2. Long-face adults, compared with normal-face adults, demonstrated significant increase in ALFH, and significant decrease in ramus height. 3. Long-face adults, compared with normal-face adults, demonstrated significant increase in AUDH and, ALDH, especially in ALDH. 4. On the P-A cephalogram, no measures of transverse dimension demonstrated significant differences between two groups. 5. On the P-A cephalogram, facial height/facial width ratio was significantly larger than normal in the long-face adults, and in the normal-face adults, facial height/facial width ratio was approximately 90%. 6. In the correlation analysis of SN-MP angle and ATFH with all the other variables, the correlation coefficients of SN-MP angle and PTFH/ATFH that of ATFH and ALFH on the lateral cephalogram demonstrated the highest value, and on the P-A cephalogram, SN-MP angle and Cg-GA-Me (Lt.), ATFH and lower facial height demonstrated the highest value of correlation coefficients.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2021

Purpose: Despite the fact that face (i.e. Chemyon) is deeply-rooted in Korean culture and significantly affects the behavior of Korean people, the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior has only reported mixed findings, that is, significant and/or insignificant face effects have been reported. It is necessary to integrate prior research findings, and comprehensively examine the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect (i.e. effect size, and moderating variables) of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior through meta-analysis. Research design, data and methodology: Among 1,019 face-related academic studies, retrieved from the academic research information services (RISS), 34 studies and 300 cases examining the effect of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior were finally included for meta-analysis. Face measured as face sensitivity and/or a face sensitivity sub-component (shame-consciousness, formality-consciousness, and other-consciousness) were integrated in the meta-analysis. Leisure consumers' consumption behavior was classified as antecedents of purchase (overall conspicuous consumption tendency, overall symbolic consumption tendency, personality, high price, high quality, brand seeking, fashion seeking, enjoyment, other person (interpersonal) consideration, position, reference group, and attitude), purchase (purchase intention, unplanned purchase, purchase, and expenditure), and post-purchase (satisfaction, repurchase, and post-purchase). The data used in the meta-analysis was comprised of correlation coefficients, and the meta-analysis was performed using the R-program. Results: The overall mean effect size of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior was .248. It was found that the effect size was the largest in the order of shame-consciousness face, formality-consciousness face, and other-consciousness face. Among the types of leisure consumers' consumption behavior categorized as dependent variables, the effect size was found to be largest in the order of position, attitude, reference group, post-purchase behavior, brand seeking, personality, trend seeking, etc. In addition, it was found that the leisure types moderated the effect size of face on leisure consumers' consumption behavior. The effect size was found to be largest in the order of skin diving, baseball, various leisure participation, dance, gambling, golf, etc. Conclusions: Face moderately or significantly influence leisure consumers' consumption behavior.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.777-786
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• 2008

Human face avatar is important information in nowadays, such as describing real people in virtual world. In this paper, we have presented a face avatar creation and warping algorithm by using face feature analysis method, in order to detect face feature, we utilized local mean method based on facial feature appearance and face geometric information. Then detect facial candidates by using it's character in $YC_bC_r$ color space. Meanwhile, we also defined the rules which are based on face geometric information to limit searching range. For analyzing face feature, we used face feature points to describe their feature, and analyzed geometry relationship of these feature points to create the face avatar. Then we have carried out simulation on PC and embed mobile device such as PDA and mobile phone to evaluate efficiency of the proposed algorithm. From the simulation results, we can confirm that our proposed algorithm will have an outstanding performance and it's execution speed can also be acceptable.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

Many researchers have attempted to recognize three-dimensional faces using feature points extracted from two-dimensional facial photographs. However, due to the limit of flat photographs, it is very difficult to recognize faces rotated more than 15 degrees from original feature points extracted from the photographs. As such, it is difficult to create an algorithm to recognize faces in multiple angles. In this paper, it is proposed a new algorithm to recognize three-dimensional face recognition based on feature points extracted from a flat photograph. This method divides into six feature point vector zones on the face. Then, the vector value is compressed and expanded according to the rotation angle of the face to recognize the feature points of the face in a three-dimensional form. For this purpose, the average of the compressibility and the expansion rate of the face data of 100 persons by angle and face zone were obtained, and the face angle was estimated by calculating the distance between the middle of the forehead and the tail of the eye. As a result, very improved recognition performance was obtained at 30 degrees of rotated face angle.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.2547-2567
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• 2021

It has been widely acknowledged that occlusion impairments adversely distress many face recognition algorithms' performance. Therefore, it is crucial to solving the problem of face image occlusion in face recognition. To solve the image occlusion problem in face recognition, this paper aims to automatically de-occlude the human face majority or discriminative regions to improve face recognition performance. To achieve this, we decompose the generative process into two key stages and employ a separate generative adversarial network (GAN)-based network in both stages. The first stage generates an initial coarse face image without an occlusion mask. The second stage refines the result from the first stage by forcing it closer to real face images or ground truth. To increase the performance and minimize the artifacts in the generated result, a new refine loss (e.g., reconstruction loss, perceptual loss, and adversarial loss) is used to determine all differences between the generated de-occluded face image and ground truth. Furthermore, we build occluded face images and corresponding occlusion-free face images dataset. We trained our model on this new dataset and later tested it on real-world face images. The experiment results (qualitative and quantitative) and the comparative study confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed work in removing challenging occlusion masks with various structures, sizes, shapes, types, and positions.

• 한국교육논총
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2022

세계적으로 코로나19 바이러스가 만연해짐에 따라 다양한 분야에서 비대면화를 시행하게 되었고, 교육 시스템 또한 급격한 비대면화로 인해 많은 관심이 집중되기 시작하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 현재까지 계속적으로 변화하고 있는 교육환경에 맞추어 비대면 교육이 나아가야 하는 방향성에 대해서 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 의견들이 존재하는 소셜네트워크 빅데이터를 수집하기 위하여 텍스톰(Textom), 유씨넷6(Ucinet6) 분석 도구 프로그램을 사용하여 데이터를 시각화하였다. 연구 결과 '코로나'와 관련된 키워드가 주를 이루었으며 '기사', '뉴스'등의 높은 빈도의 키워드들이 존재했다. 분석 결과 네트워크 장애 및 보안 문제와 같은 비대면 교육에 관련한 다양한 이슈들을 확인해 볼 수 있었고, 분석 이후 교육 시장의 성장과 교육 환경의 변화에 따른 비대면 교육 시스템의 방향성에 관하여 연구하였다. 또한 빅데이터를 이용하여 분석한 비대면 교육시의 보안 강화 필요성과 수업 방식에 대한 피드백의 필요성이 존재한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2022

본 연구는 간호학과 교수의 면대면 강의에서 비대면 강의로 전환 경험을 이해하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구는 연구참여자는 비대면 강의를 적어도 두 학기 이상 진행한 적이 있는 17명의 간호학과 교수이며, 경험적 현상학적 연구방법에 따라 심층적인 개별 면담을 통해 자료를 수집한 후 질적 주제분석 방법에 따라 분석하였다. 연구결과는 비대면 강의에 따른 변화와 전개과정, 학생과의 관계, 자신과의 관계, 사회적 맥락과 사회성이라는 주제를 중심으로 비대면 강의 전환 경험을 기술하였다. 결론적으로 간호학과 교수들은 사회적 변화 흐름에 따라 첨단 테크놀로지를 활용한 비대면 강의를 자율적으로 선택하여 질 높은 강의를 할 수 있도록 충분한 지원을 받을 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

We propose a face recognition and notification system that can transform visual face information into tactile signals in order to help visually impaired people. The proposed system consists of a glasses type camera, a mobile computer and an electronic cane. The glasses type camera captures the frontal view of the user, and sends this image to mobile computer. The mobile computer starts to search for human's face in the image when obstacles are detected by ultrasonic sensors. In a case that human's face is detected, the mobile computer identifies detected face. At this time, Adaboost and compressive sensing are used as a detector and a classifier, respectively. After the identification procedures of the detected face, the identified face information is sent to controller attached to a cane using a Bluetooth communication. The controller generates motor control signals using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) according to the recognized face labels. The vibration motor generates vibration patterns to inform the visually impaired person of the face recognition result. The experimental results of face recognition and notification system show that proposed system is helpful for visually impaired people by providing person identification results in front of him/her.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

코로나19가 초래한 비대면 시대에 SW교육이 자리 잡기 위해서는, 대면 및 비대면 수업방식에 따른 SW교육의 효율성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 2020년 전국 30개 SW 영재학급의 교육과정 운영현황을 수업 방식(대면, 비대면, 혼용)에 따라 구분하였다. 그후 계획 대비 수업시수 및 1인당 산출물 제작 결과를 양적 분석을 통해 비교·분석하였다. 연구 결과 계획한 시수 대비 가장 많은 수업을 소화한 수업의 종류는 비대면 수업(90.9%)이었으며, 다음은 대면 수업(84.2%)이었고, 가장 적은 것은 혼용 수업(80.5%)이었다. 학생 1인당 산출물 평균 개수는 대면수업(0.504개) 그룹이 가장 많았으며 혼용수업(0.421개) 그룹과 비대면수업(0.42개) 그룹은 이에 미치지 못했다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 비대면 중심의 수업을 진행한 영재학급은 가장 많은 수업시수를 확보함을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 비대면 수업방식에서는 영재학급의 1인당 산출물 개수가 부족했다. 즉 비대면 방식은 시수 확보에는 유리하나, 산출물을 지도하는 것을 교사나 학생들이 어려워하기 때문에 이를 해결할 수 있는 다양한 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 SMICS 2004 International Symposium on Maritime and Communication Sciences
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• pp.106-109
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• 2004

Many reported methods assume that the faces in an image or an image sequence have been identified and localization. Face detection from image is a challenging task because of variability in scale, location, orientation and pose. In this paper, we present an efficient linear discriminant for multi-view face detection. Our approaches are based on linear discriminant. We define training data with fisher linear discriminant to efficient learning method. Face detection is considerably difficult because it will be influenced by poses of human face and changes in illumination. This idea can solve the multi-view and scale face detection problem poses. Quickly and efficiently, which fits for detecting face automatically. In this paper, we extract face using fisher linear discriminant that is hierarchical models invariant pose and background. We estimation the pose in detected face and eye detect. The purpose of this paper is to classify face and non-face and efficient fisher linear discriminant..