• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.185-209
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• 2023

4차 산업혁명의 도래와 함께 다양한 기술이 주목을 받고 있다. 4차 산업혁명과 관련된 기술로는 IoT(Internet of Things), 빅데이터, 인공지능, VR(Virtual Reality), 3D 프린터, 로봇공학 등이 있으며 이러한 기술은 종종 융합된다. 특히 로봇 분야는 빅데이터, 인공지능, VR, 디지털 트윈과 같은 기술과 결합할 것으로 기대된다. 이에 따라 로봇을 활용한 연구가 다수 진행되고 있으며 유통, 공항, 호텔, 레스토랑, 교통 분야 등에 적용되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 인간-로봇 상호작용에 대한 연구가 주목을 받고 있지만 아직 만족할 만한 수준에는 이르지 못하고 있다. 하지만 완벽한 의사소통이 가능한 로봇에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있고 이는 인간의 감정노동을 대신할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 따라서 현재의 인간-로봇 상호작용 기술을 비즈니스에 적용할 수 있는지에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 첫째, 인간로봇 상호작용 기술의 동향을 살펴본다. 둘째, LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) 토픽모델링과 BERTopic 토픽모델링 방법을 비교한다. 연구 결과, 1992년~2002년 간의 연구에서는 인간-로봇 상호작용에 대한 개념과 기초적인 상호작용에 대해 논의되고 있었다. 2003년~2012년에는 사회적 표현에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었으며 얼굴검출, 인식 등과 같이 판단과 관련된 연구도 수행되었다. 2013년~2022년에는 노인 간호, 교육, 자폐 치료와 같은 서비스 토픽들이 등장하였으며, 사회적 표현에 대한 연구가 지속되었다. 그러나 아직까지 비즈니스에 적용할 수 있는 수준에는 이르지 못한 것으로 보인다. 그리고 LDA토픽모델링과 BERTopic 토픽모델링 방법을 비교한 결과 LDA에 비해 BERTopic이 더 우수한 방법임을 확인하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.69-98
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• 2009

We investigated what factors motivate gamers to participate in a guild and why they continue to be engaged as members of the guild. We find that, based on the result of focus group interviews with MMORPG gamers, social support and self-esteem factors play important roles. Considering both prior research and the focus group interviews we have conducted, we define social support and character control as independent variables. Character identity, guild identity, and self-esteem are proposed as mediating variables while guild flow and game loyalty as dependent variables. Accordingly, we develop the research model and hypotheses, and verify them empirically. Based on our experiences of playing the WoW game, we proposed a research model and conducted focus-group interviews (FGIs). FGIs involve formulating a hypothesis and then collecting some relevant data. FGIs were conducted face-to-face with students of C University in Korea. We formulated structured interview schedules, and the questions were based on our research variables and personal experiences. The questions for the interviews encompassed the following areas: (a) the demographic characteristics of the focus group; (b) the number of years for which respondents had played online games; (c) the motive for starting a game; (d) the number of game-characters assumed by each gamer; (e) the type of game played; and (f) other issues such as the reasons for involvement in the play, the willingness to reuse the game in case new versions were released, etc. On average, it took two hours to interview each of three groups. A primary set of FGIs was conducted with three groups on the premise that there would be some differences caused by character race (Horde vs. Alliance) or by playable server (Normal vs. Combat). With respect to the manner of playing, we found that guild members shared information, felt a sense of belonging, and played computer games for quite a long time through the guild; however, they did not undergo these experiences when playing alone. Gamers who belonged to a specific guild helped other players without expecting compensation for that, freely shared information about the game, gave away items for free, and more generous with other members who made mistakes. The guild members were aware of the existence other members and experienced a sense of belonging through interactions with, and evaluations from, other players. It was clear that social support was shown within the guild and that it played an important role as a major research variable. Based on the results of the first FGIs, a second set of in-depth FGIs was carried out with a focus on the psychology of the individual within the guild and the social community of the guild. The second set of FGIs also focused on the guild's offline meetings. Gamers, over all, recognize the necessity of joining a community, not only off-line but also online world of the guild. They admit that the guild is important for them to easily and conveniently enjoy playing online computer games. The active behavior and positive attitudes of existing guild members can motivate new members of the guild to adapt themselves to the guild environment. They then adopt the same behaviors and attitudes of established guild members. In this manner, the new members of the guild strengthen the bonds with other gamers while feeling a sense of belonging, and developing social identity, thereby. It was discovered that the interaction among guild members and the social support encouraged new gamers to quickly develop a sense of social identity and increase their self-esteem. The guild seemed to play the role of socializing gamers. Sometimes, even in the real world, the guild members helped one another; therefore, the features of the guild also spilled over to the offline environment. We intend to use self-esteem, which was found through the second set of FGIs, as an important research variable. To collect data, an online survey was designed with a questionnaire to be completed by WoW gamers, who belong to a guild. The survey was registered on the best three domestic game-sites: 'WoW playforum,' 'WoW gamemeca,' and 'Wow invent.' The selected items to be measured in the questionnaire were decided based on prior research and data from FGIs. To verify the content of the questionnaire, we carried out a pilot test with the same participants to point out ambiguous questions as a way to ensure maximum accuracy of the survey result. A total of 244 responses were analyzed from the 250 completed questionnaires. The SEM analysis was used to test goodness-of-fit of the model. As a result, we found important results as follows: First, according to the statistics, social support had statistically significant impacts on character control, character identity, guild identity and self-esteem. Second, character control had significant effects on character identity, guild identity and self-esteem. Third, character identity shows its clear impact on self-esteem and game loyalty. Fourth, guild identity affected self-esteem, guild flow and game loyalty. Fifth, self-esteem had a positive influence on the guild flow. These days, the number of virtual community is rising along with its significance largely because of the nature of the online games. Accordingly, this study is designed to clarify the psychological relationship between gamers within the guild that has been generally established by gamers to play online games together. This study focuses on the relationships in which social support influences guild flow or game loyalty through character control, character identity, guild identity, and self-esteem, which are present within a guild in the MMORPG game environment. The study results are as follows. First, the effects of social support on character control, character identity, guild identity and self-esteem are proven to be statistically significant. It was found that character control improves character identity, guild identity and self-esteem. Among the seven variables, social support, which is derived from FGIs, plays an important role in this study. With the active support of other guild members, gamers can improve their ability to develop good characters and to control them. Second, character identity has a positive effect on self-esteem and game loyalty, while guild identity has a significant effect on self-esteem, guild flow and game loyalty. Self-esteem affects guild flow. It was found that the higher the character and guild identities become, the greater the self-esteem is established. Contrary to the findings of prior research, our study results indicate that the relationship between character identity and guild flow is not significant. Rather, it was found that character identity directly affects game players' loyalty. Even though the character identity had no direct effect on increasing guild flow, it has indirectly affected guild flow through self-esteem. The significant relationship between self-esteem and guild flow indicates that gamers achieve flow, i.e., a feeling of pleasure and excitement through social support. Several important implications of this study should be noted. First, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to conduct this study. Through FGIs, it was observed that both social support and self-esteem are important variables. Second, because guilds had been rarely studied, this research is expected to play an important role in the online community. Third, according to the result, six hypotheses (H1, H5, H6, H7, H8, and H11) setup based on FGIs, were statistically significant; thus, we can suggest the corresponding relationships among the variables as a guideline for follow-up research. Our research is significant as it has following implications: first, the social support of the guild members is important when establishing character control, character identity, guildidentity and self-esteem. It is also a major variable that affects guild flow and game loyalty. Second, character control when improved by social support shows notable influence on the development of character identity, guild identity and self-esteem. Third, character identity and guild identity are major factors to help establish gamers' own self-esteem. Fourth, character identity affects guild flow through self-esteem and game loyalty. The gamers usually express themselves through characters; the higher character identity is, the more loyalty a gamer has. Fifth, guild identity, established within the guild, has clear effects on self-esteem, guild flow and game loyalty. Sixth, qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to conduct this study. Based on the results of focus group interviews and SEM analysis, we find that the social support by guild members and psychological factors are significant in strengthening the flow of guild and loyalty to the game. As such, game developers should provide some extra functions for guild community, through which gamers can play online games in collaboration with one another. Also, we suggest that positive self-esteem which is built up through social support can help gamers achieve higher level of flow and satisfaction, which will consequently contribute to minimizing the possibility for the players to develop negative attitude toward the guild they belong to.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-100
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• 2018

최근 웹툰, 음원, 동영상, 게임, 교육, 앱 등 많은 콘텐츠 기업에서 콘텐츠 유료화 정책을 추진하고 있으나, 무료 콘텐츠에 익숙한 독자들의 문화적 관성이 온라인 콘텐츠의 유료화 전환에 많은 어려움을 주고 있다. 특히 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠는 포털 사이트를 통해 무료로 배포되고 있어 유료화에 대한 독자들의 거부감이 다른 온라인 콘텐츠 보다 더욱 심한 실정이다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위해 학계 및 산업계에서 온라인 콘텐츠의 유료화 방안에 대한 연구가 다양한 차원에서 진행되었다. 최근에는 일부 온라인 뉴스 매체를 중심으로 독자들이 자발적으로 마음에 드는 뉴스 콘텐츠에 대해 원하는 만큼의 구독료를 지불하게 하는 Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) 지불모델을 적용하는 시도가 이뤄지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 PWYW 모델의 성공적인 정착을 위한 선결요인으로 독자의 자발적 독자구독료 지불행위에 영향을 미치는 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠의 체계적 속성을 도출하고, 각 속성 및 하위 속성의 상대적 중요도를 비교 분석하였다. 좀 더 구체적으로, 선행연구 분석을 통해 기사제목 유형, 기사 이미지 자극성, 기사 가독성, 기사 유형, 기사 지배적 정서, 기사 내용-이미지 유사성 등 총 여섯 가지의 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠의 체계적 속성을 도출하였으며, 내용분석(content analysis)을 통해 각 기사의 속성값을 측정하고 이를 기반으로 컨조인트 분석(conjoint analysis)을 실시하여 속성 간 상대적 중요도를 계산 및 검증하였다. PWYW 모델이 적용된 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠 379개에 대한 컨조인트 분석 결과, 기사 가독성, 기사 내용-이미지 유사성, 기사제목 유형 등의 순으로 자발적 독자구독료에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 분석된 반면, 기사 유형, 기사 지배적 정서, 기사 이미지 자극성 등은 상대적으로 낮은 중요도를 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 내용분석과 컨조인트 분석을 동시에 실시하여 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠에 대한 자발적 지불의도에 영향을 미치는 체계적 요인을 도출하고, 그 상대적 중요도까지 살펴보았다는 점에서 학술적 의의가 있으며, 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠 제작자 및 사이트 운영자들로 하여금 독자들의 자발적 지불을 유도할 수 있는 가이드라인을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 실무적 의의가 있다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.139-166
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• 2010

The supply chain management (SCM) systems have emerged as strong managerial tools for manufacturing firms in enhancing competitive strength. Despite of large investments in the SCM systems, many companies are not fully realizing the promised benefits from the systems. A review of literature on adoption, implementation and success factor of IOS (inter-organization systems), EDI (electronic data interchange) systems, shows that this issue has been examined from multiple theoretic perspectives. And many researchers have attempted to identify the factors which influence the success of system implementation. However, the existing studies have two drawbacks in revealing the determinants of systems implementation success. First, previous researches raise questions as to the appropriateness of research subjects selected. Most SCM systems are operating in the form of private industrial networks, where the participants of the systems consist of two distinct groups: focus companies and vendors. The focus companies are the primary actors in developing and operating the systems, while vendors are passive participants which are connected to the system in order to supply raw materials and parts to the focus companies. Under the circumstance, there are three ways in selecting the research subjects; focus companies only, vendors only, or two parties grouped together. It is hard to find researches that use the focus companies exclusively as the subjects probably due to the insufficient sample size for statistic analysis. Most researches have been conducted using the data collected from both groups. We argue that the SCM success factors cannot be correctly indentified in this case. The focus companies and the vendors are in different positions in many areas regarding the system implementation: firm size, managerial resources, bargaining power, organizational maturity, and etc. There are no obvious reasons to believe that the success factors of the two groups are identical. Grouping the two groups also raises questions on measuring the system success. The benefits from utilizing the systems may not be commonly distributed to the two groups. One group's benefits might be realized at the expenses of the other group considering the situation where vendors participating in SCM systems are under continuous pressures from the focus companies with respect to prices, quality, and delivery time. Therefore, by combining the system outcomes of both groups we cannot measure the system benefits obtained by each group correctly. Second, the measures of system success adopted in the previous researches have shortcoming in measuring the SCM success. User satisfaction, system utilization, and user attitudes toward the systems are most commonly used success measures in the existing studies. These measures have been developed as proxy variables in the studies of decision support systems (DSS) where the contribution of the systems to the organization performance is very difficult to measure. Unlike the DSS, the SCM systems have more specific goals, such as cost saving, inventory reduction, quality improvement, rapid time, and higher customer service. We maintain that more specific measures can be developed instead of proxy variables in order to measure the system benefits correctly. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of SCM systems success in the perspective of vendor companies. In developing the research model, we have focused on selecting the success factors appropriate for the vendors through reviewing past researches and on developing more accurate success measures. The variables can be classified into following: technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the basis of TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The model consists of three independent variables (competition intensity, top management support, and information system maturity), one mediating variable (collaboration), one moderating variable (government support), and a dependent variable (system success). The systems success measures have been developed to reflect the operational benefits of the SCM systems; improvement in planning and analysis capabilities, faster throughput, cost reduction, task integration, and improved product and customer service. The model has been validated using the survey data collected from 122 vendors participating in the SCM systems in Korea. To test for mediation, one should estimate the hierarchical regression analysis on the collaboration. And moderating effect analysis should estimate the moderated multiple regression, examines the effect of the government support. The result shows that information system maturity and top management support are the most important determinants of SCM system success. Supply chain technologies that standardize data formats and enhance information sharing may be adopted by supply chain leader organization because of the influence of focal company in the private industrial networks in order to streamline transactions and improve inter-organization communication. Specially, the need to develop and sustain an information system maturity will provide the focus and purpose to successfully overcome information system obstacles and resistance to innovation diffusion within the supply chain network organization. The support of top management will help focus efforts toward the realization of inter-organizational benefits and lend credibility to functional managers responsible for its implementation. The active involvement, vision, and direction of high level executives provide the impetus needed to sustain the implementation of SCM. The quality of collaboration relationships also is positively related to outcome variable. Collaboration variable is found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and implementation success. Higher levels of inter-organizational collaboration behaviors such as shared planning and flexibility in coordinating activities were found to be strongly linked to the vendors trust in the supply chain network. Government support moderates the effect of the IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support on collaboration and implementation success of SCM. In general, the vendor companies face substantially greater risks in SCM implementation than the larger companies do because of severe constraints on financial and human resources and limited education on SCM systems. Besides resources, Vendors generally lack computer experience and do not have sufficient internal SCM expertise. For these reasons, government supports may establish requirements for firms doing business with the government or provide incentives to adopt, implementation SCM or practices. Government support provides significant improvements in implementation success of SCM when IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support and collaboration are low. The environmental characteristic of competition intensity has no direct effect on vendor perspective of SCM system success. But, vendors facing above average competition intensity will have a greater need for changing technology. This suggests that companies trying to implement SCM systems should set up compatible supply chain networks and a high-quality collaboration relationship for implementation and performance.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2013

정보기술의 비약적 발전에 힘입어, 오늘날 기업들은 지금까지 축적한 고객 데이터를 기반으로 맞춤형 서비스를 제공하는 것에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 고객에게 소구하는 맞춤형 서비스를 효과적으로 제공하기 위해서는 우선 그 고객이 처한 상태나 상황을 정확하게 인지하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 고객에게 서비스가 전달되는 이른바 진실의 순간에 해당 고객의 감정 상태를 정확히 인지할 수 있다면, 기업은 더 양질의 맞춤형 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 이와 관련하여 사람의 얼굴과 행동을 이용하여 사람의 감정을 판단하고 개인화 서비스를 제공하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 얼굴 표정을 통해 사람의 감정을 판단하는 연구는 좀 더 미세하고 확실한 변화를 통해 정확하게 감정을 판단할 수 있지만, 장비와 환경의 제약으로 실제 환경에서 다수의 관객을 대상으로 사용하기에는 다소 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Plutchik의 감정 분류 체계를 기반으로 사람들의 행동을 통해 감정을 추론해내는 모형을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 연구는 콘텐츠에 의해 유발된 사람들의 감정적인 변화를 사람들의 행동 변화를 통해 판단하고 예측하는 모형을 개발하고, 4가지 감정 별 행동 특징을 추출하여 각 감정에 따라 최적화된 예측 모형을 구축하는 것을 목표로 한다. 모형 구축을 위해 사람들에게 적절한 감정 자극영상을 제공하고 그 신체 반응을 수집하였으며, 사람들의 신체 영역을 나누었다. 특히, 모션캡쳐 분야에서 널리 쓰이는 차영상 기법을 적용하여 사람들의 제스쳐를 추출 및 보정하였다. 이후 전처리 과정을 통해 데이터의 타임프레임 셋을 20, 30, 40 프레임의 3가지로 설정하고, 데이터를 학습용, 테스트용, 검증용으로 구분하여 인공신경망 모형을 통해 학습시키고 성과를 평가하였다. 다수의 일반인들을 대상으로 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 제안 모형을 구축하고 평가한 결과, 프레임셋에 따라 예측 성과가 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 감정 별 최적 예측 성과를 보이는 프레임을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이는 감정에 따라 감정의 표출 시간이 다르기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이는 행동에 기반한 제안된 감정예측모형이 감정에 따라 효과적으로 감정을 예측할 수 있으며, 실제 서비스 환경에서 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 알고리즘이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-71
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• 2010

본 연구는 가맹사업자의 자기효능감에 주목하여 정부가 예비가맹사업자들을 보호하기 위해 가맹본부에 다양한 규제와 정책을 사용하는 것이 최선의 방법이 아니라는 것에 관심을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경로-목표이론(path-goal theory)에서 제시한 가맹본부의 리더십 행동 유형과 가맹사업자의 관계결속의 영향관계에 있어서 가맹사업자의 특성으로 자기효능감의 조절효과를 규명하고, 실증 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 연구의 시사점을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 가맹본부의 리더십 행동유형이 관계결속에 긍정적 효과를 가져 온다는 사실이 확인됨으로써 가맹본부는 가맹사업자에게 맞는 리더십 행동유형을 적용할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 둘째, 가맹사업자의 자기효능감이 관계결속에 긍정적 효과가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 리더십 행동유형과 관계결속 사이에 상당한 조절효과가 있기 때문에 가맹본부는 가맹사업자들의 개인차(individual difference) 관리가 필요하다. 셋째, 정부는 가맹본부를 규제할 것만이 아니라 가맹본부가 가맹사업자들의 특성을 확실하게 파악하고 기업의 목표달성을 위한 정당한 통제가 가능하도록 제도적 지원을 해야 할 것이다.