• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.139-143
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• 2007

The need for technological developments of lithography equipment is urgent for the stable production in response to the rapid growth of the recent display industry. As an example, the products currently in the market face alteration problems resulting from excessive weight of the mask holder part. This is one of obstacle for the automation of the equipment. In response, the mask holder part problem has been minimized through FEM and design of experiments in order to optimize the situation with minimized Deflection and reduced mass for satisfactory replacement of the mask holder part.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권10호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1996

This paper proposes a method which analyzes facial shape and extracts positions of eyes regardless of the tilt and the size of input iamge. With the extracted feature parameters of facial element by the method, full human faces are recognized by a neural network which BP algorithm is applied on. Input image is changed into binary codes, and then labelled. Area, circumference, and circular degree of the labelled binary image are obtained by using chain code and defined as feature parameters of face image. We first extract two eyes from the similarity and distance of feature parameter of each facial element, and then input face image is corrected by standardizing on two extracted eyes. After a mask is genrated line historgram is applied to finding the feature points of facial elements. Distances and angles between the feature points are used as parameters to recognize full face. To show the validity learning algorithm. We confirmed that the proposed algorithm shows 100% recognition rate on both learned and non-learned data for 20 persons.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine make-up expression elements of horror characters as an evil spirit, a vampire, a zombie, a monster and a psycho murderer through make-up, focused on horror movies of the United States after1960s. First, an evil spirit was expressed that the pupil grew dim without a focus and the skin was torn by going bad and rot completely. Also, it was expressed that its teeth was changed to pointed canine teeth as a wild beast and its pale and bloodless face showed blood vessels clearly. To express its bloodless and pale skin, air brush was swept into the skin over several times. Its canine tooth was made acryl powder into its shape and was harden to make its shape smooth. Also, it was colored to show people like the real thing. Second, a vampire was expressed by make-up elements as long nails, a sharp canine tooth, a pale skin with a blood vessel and dead eyes. Its rough skin and long nails were manufactured with latex foam, which was colored like the skin. Third, a monster image as a werewolf was expressed by make-up elements as fur, sharp teeth, changed nails and toenails, a rough skin and a face changed to a wolf. Rubber mask and rubber body suit were manufactured as a make-up of special character and so all its body was changed. Fourth, a psycho murderer and body-deformed man were expressed by make-up elements as a distorted mask, swelled-up and deformed skull and face form, terribly deformed body, discolored and hang down skin and teeth with an indeterminate form. Its body and face were manufactured by the foam latex technology according to make-up design as a make-up of special character.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.422-435
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 안면 마스크가 한국어에 미치는 영향을 음향적, 공기역학적, 포먼트 매개변수 측면에서 검증하고자 하였다. 국내에서 판매되는 모든 종류의 마스크를 필터 성능과 접이식 방식을 기준으로 선택하였다. 본 연구에는 표준 한국어를 구사하는 경력 20년 이상의 한국인 전문 성우 2명(남녀)이 음성 데이터의 화자로 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 안면 마스크는 고주파수 범위를 약화시켜 Vowel Space Area(VSA) 및 Vowel Articulation Index(VAI) 점수를 감소시키고 모든 음성 샘플에서 Low-to-High spectral ratio(L/H ratio)을 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 이로 인해 음성 명료도가 낮아질 수 있음을 파악하였다. 그러나 음성 특성에 따라 증가 및 감소 정도가 결정되며 여성 화자의 경우 안면 마스크 두께가 증가함에 따라 Speech Level(SL)과 Cepstral Peak Prominence(CPP)가 증가하였다. 그러나 남성 화자의 경우 안면 마스크 두께가 증가함에 따라 이 두 매개변수가 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 마스크의 유무나 필터 성능이 음성 특성에 따른 음성 음향 매개변수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 안면 마스크는 음성 강도가 충분히 강하지 않거나 환경의 반향이 덜할 때 음성 노력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마스크 착용시 음향 변형을 극복하기 위해 안면 마스크로 유도된 음성 노력에 대한 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

이 연구는 코로나 19 확산에 따른 WHO의 마스크 사용 지침에 대한 한국 보건당국의 이행 및 불이행 내용을 분석하고 그것의 원인과 대안 선택의 결과를 도출하여 전염병 예방에서 지침의 한계와 연구의 함의를 제시하는데 목표가 있다. 이를 위해 국내·외 마스크 관련 문헌들을 고찰하고 WHO의 마스크 지침과 한국 보건당국의 마스크 권고사항을 분석대상으로 한다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국의 보건당국은 두 차례의 권고 사항에서 WHO의 "제한된 마스크 사용자 관점"을 기본적으로 수용하고 적용해왔다. 둘째, 한국의 보건당국은 마스크 수급이 부족해지면서 WHO 마스크 지침과는 상이한 이행을 하였다. 셋째, 한국의 보건당국은 보편적 마스크의 필요성에 따른 마스크 공급 안정화를 기반으로 코로나 19 초기 방역에 성공할 수 있었다. 넷째, WHO 마스크 지침에서 마스크 사용자 제한은 결과론적으로 지침으로서의 부분적 오류를 드러냈다. 분석에서 도출된 함의는 의학적 근거에 따른 국제 지침일지라도 일단 감염병 팬데믹 상황에선 국제 규칙의 엄격한 준수보다 각국의 방역상황 및 역량에 따라 자율적인 지침을 따르도록 허용할 필요가 있다는 점이다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2021

Ambient air pollution, in particular, particulate matter (PM) pollution imposes serious health concerns such as hospitalization and premature deaths, worldwide. While commercial breathing masks are in use for protection against this hazardous issue, yet their efficiency in filtering PM was not up to the par, besides several other discomforts such as poor breathability due to reduced air flow, sweat production etc. In this study, commercial face mask coated with β-glucan, a high molecular weight polymer is tested for its efficacy in filtering PM. Quantification of PM before and after filtration and microscopic observation (using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) of the fabric used in filtering the dust pollutants (generated from wood chips and cigarette) showed that β-glucan coated fabric were significantly efficient in capturing PM (size of 10 and 2.5 ㎛ in diameter) than that of the untreated control fabric, wherein the former had filtration efficacy with fold increase of 11.6 and 2.6 towards capturing PM2.5 and PM10 respectively than the latter. Thus, β-glucan coated fabric was found to be effective in filtering PM.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2021

This study evaluated the cosmetic effects of a far-infrared hot and cool mask (BBSkinplus) on face skin moisturization, whitening, and wrinkles using a randomized clinical trial. Forty female participants (mean age 47.7 ± 4.6 years) were allocated into the treatment group (BBSkinplus treatment and lotion application twice a day) or the control group (only lotion application twice a day), and moisture, brightness, and wrinkles were measured at 0, 1 and 2 weeks. The average values of each measurement were changed significantly by BBSkinplus treatment compared to the control group. At the 2-week treatment time point, the statistical differences in improvement rates between the two groups were significant at 8.7% vs. 3.9% for moisture (p < 0.01), 0.7% vs. 0.4% for brightness (p < 0.01), and -3.1% vs. 0.0% as Ra and -6.3% vs. 1.5% as R3z for wrinkles (p < 0.05), respectively. No notable complaint was reported regarding any kind of adverse effects such as erythema, itching, or burning. This clinical data support the potential of BBSkinplus as a home beauty device providing moisturizing, whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects on the face.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.403-406
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• 2009

본 논문은 ATM(Automated Teller Machine)에서 사용자의 얼굴을 검출하여 ATM의 사용 허가 여부를 판별하는 방법을 제안한다. 입력 영상에서 피부색 영역을 추출하여 얼굴 후보 영상을 만들고 AdaBoost(Adaptive Boosting) 알고리즘을 이용하여 얼굴을 검출한다. 검출된 얼굴에서 선글라스, 마스크 등의 액세서리 착용여부를 판단하기 위하여 template matching을 수행하며 그 결과를 이용하여 ATM의 사용 허가를 판별한다. 제안된 방법을 이용하여 실내 ATM 환경에서 액세서리 착용여부를 검출했을 때 만족할 만한 성능을 나타내는 것을 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 머리카락과 모자 영역의 마스크 정보를 활용하여 더 자연스러운 얼굴 속성 편집(facial attribute editing)을 수행하는 모델을 제안한다. 최신 얼굴 속성 편집 연구인 STGAN은 다중 얼굴 속성을 자연스럽게 편집하는 성과를 보였다. 그러나 머리카락과 관련된 속성을 편집할 때 부자연스러운 결과를 생성할 수 있다. 제안하는 방법의 핵심 아이디어는 기존 모델에서 부족했던 얼굴 영역의 정보를 모델에 추가로 반영하는 것이다. 이를 위해 세 가지 아이디어를 적용한다. 첫째로 마스크를 통해 머리카락 면적 속성을 추가하여 머리카락 정보를 보완한다. 둘째로 순환 일관성 손실(cycle consistency loss)을 추가하여 영상의 불필요한 변화를 억제한다. 셋째로 모자 분할 신경망을 추가하여 모자 영역 왜곡을 방지한다. 정성적 평가를 통해 제안하는 방법 적용 여부에 따른 유효성을 평가 및 분석한다. 실험 결과에서 제안하는 방법이 머리카락 및 얼굴 영역을 더 자연스럽게 생성하고, 모자 영역의 왜곡을 성공적으로 방지했다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.350-366
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• 2016

Objectives: No 3D anthropometric analyses have been conducted for Korean children's faces for the purpose of designing respiratory protective devices. The aim of this study was to develop masks against yellow dust and fine particulates, particularly for children in Korea. Methods: This study utilized a 3D scanning method to obtain 16 facial anthropometric data from children, ages of 5 to 13 years old. A total of 144 boys and girls were recruited from the kindergarten, elementary schools and middle schools in Seoul. With facial dimensions obtained, cluster analysis was performed to categorize them into similar facial groups. For each cluster, an optimal mask was designed and manufactured using a 3D printer. In addition, lung function data were obtained from 62 subjects and compared with those of normal adults. The pulmonary physiological results were subsequently used to suggest a test method for mask certification. Results: Facial shapes were classified into tree clusters: small, medium, and large. The face width and length for the first group were small with high nosal protrusion. The face width and length for the second group were the largest among the three clusters. The third group had the largest angle of nose root - gnathion(n-prn-gn). Age was the most significant variable in the facial dimensions. Children's pulmonary physiological capacity was about 60% of adults' capacity. The results of fit test using the prototype masks developed showed very good fits for children. Conclusions: For Korean children, three mask sizes will be sufficient and practical for providing protection against yellow dust and fine particulates. Anthropometric data obtained using digitalized 3D face analysis can be very effective for designing respiratory devices. 3D images can be accurate and easily measured for multiple dimensions, particularly for curved areas of the face. It is imperative to adopt different test methods for certifying respiratory protective devices for children, since their pulmonary physiological capacity is inferior compared with that of adults.