• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2021

Purpose: According to the growth of technology in the service industry, the interaction service between customer and employee has recently been transformed into between customer and technology by Self Service Technology (SST) requiring direct interaction with customers. In this context, self service technology such as unmanned ordering system installed at the store is actively introduced at the work place to reduce labor costs by food and retail company and the research for self-service technology which is rapidly replacing existing face-to-face service is needed. As the growth speed of SST is rapid, many researchers have studied the characteristics of SST, in every sector of business worldwide. Among the characteristics, attributes, Self Service Technology Quality (SSTQUAL) to evaluate SST is important because it may cause the customer's behavior. Thus, this research focuses on the effects of SSTQUAL on SST Satisfaction and SST continuance usage intention. This research suggests the guidelines for how Restaurant Company should prepare SST and build their customer satisfaction and continuance usage that increase the sales. Research design, data and methodology: This study tests the structural relationship between SSTQUAL of unmanned ordering system, SST satisfaction and SST continuance usage. SSTQUAL divided into four sub-dimensions and two categories, cognitive service attributes (Convenience, Functionality) and affective service attributes (Enjoyment, Assurance). In order to achieve the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed based on previous researches. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 524 customers experiencing SST and were analyzed through SPSS 25.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program. Results: The findings of this research are as follows. First, all SSTQUAL have significant positive impacts on SST satisfaction. Second, SST satisfaction has significant positive impact on SST continuance intention. Third, cognitive service attributes and affective service attributes had wealth of explanation of service attribute more than a single dimension. Conclusions: The implications of this study are as follows. Overall, Restaurant Company should manage SSTQUAL consisting of not only cognitive service attributes (Convenience, Functionality) but also affective service attributes (Enjoyment, Assurance) to satisfy customers basically regardless of the type of restaurant.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.2991-3007
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• 2022

Two dimensional locality preserving projections (2D-LPP) is an improved algorithm of 2D image to solve the small sample size (SSS) problems which locality preserving projections (LPP) meets. It's able to find the low dimension manifold mapping that not only preserves local information but also detects manifold embedded in original data spaces. However, 2D-LPP is simple and elegant. So, inspired by the comparison experiments between two dimensional linear discriminant analysis (2D-LDA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) which indicated that matrix based methods don't always perform better even when training samples are limited, we surmise 2D-LPP may meet the same limitation as 2D-LDA and propose a novel matrix exponential method to enhance the performance of 2D-LPP. 2D-MELPP is equivalent to employing distance diffusion mapping to transform original images into a new space, and margins between labels are broadened, which is beneficial for solving classification problems. Nonetheless, the computational time complexity of 2D-MELPP is extremely high. In this paper, we replace some of matrix multiplications with multiple multiplications to save the memory cost and provide an efficient way for solving 2D-MELPP. We test it on public databases: random 3D data set, ORL, AR face database and Polyu Palmprint database and compare it with other 2D methods like 2D-LDA, 2D-LPP and 1D methods like LPP and exponential locality preserving projections (ELPP), finding it outperforms than others in recognition accuracy. We also compare different dimensions of projection vector and record the cost time on the ORL, AR face database and Polyu Palmprint database. The experiment results above proves that our advanced algorithm has a better performance on 3 independent public databases.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2023

With the proliferation of the "Untact" culture (non-face-to-face society), advanced technologies have accelerated the cashierless systems in the retail context. Cashierless fashion stores are expected to grow rapidly in the same way automated convenience stores grew in popularity. Applying the extended technology acceptance theory, this study aims to investigate how the attributes of cashierless fashion store influence consumers' acceptance of it and to examine how consumer's technology readiness moderates the model. Two online surveys-preliminary and secondary-were conducted to collect data from consumers in their 20s and 30s who had experienced cashierless stores over the past year. To analyze a total of 423 responses, this study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, a multi-group factor analysis, a multi-group structure equation modeling, and a descriptive analysis. The results demonstrate that convenience, trustworthiness, and price had a positive impact on perceived ease of use, while service quality had a negative one. Enjoyment, convenience, trustworthiness, and price positively influenced perceived usefulness. Both perceived ease of use and usefulness increased the intention to use. Furthermore, the multi-group comparison confirmed that the positive dimensions of consumer's technology readiness played a moderating role in the model. This study provides a research foundation for consumer acceptance of technologically advanced stores and offers practical implications to companies planning cashierless fashion stores.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.37.1-37.5
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• 2016

Background: The dimensions and shape of the forehead determine the esthetics of the upper third of the face. Korean young people consider a broad and smooth, rounded forehead more attractive. As a result, frontal augmentation becomes more popular in patients with dentofacial deformities. Various surgical procedures and materials have been used in frontal augmentation surgery, with associated advantages and disadvantages. Silicone is a good candidate for frontal augmentation. The author presents two cases of esthetic frontal augmentation with a prefabricated silicone implant in female patients with dentofacial deformities. Case presentation: In case 1, a 24-year-old female patient underwent frontal augmentation surgery with simultaneous maxillomandibular and zygomatic osteotomies to correct facial asymmetry. A silicone implant was fabricated preoperatively using a positive template stone mold of her forehead. In case 2, a 23-year-old female patient underwent total facial contouring surgery including frontal augmentation for improved facial esthetics. A computed tomography (CT)-guided rapid prototype (RP) model was used to make the silicone implants. The operative procedure was safe and simple, and the silicone implants were reliable for a larger degree of frontal augmentation. Six months later, both patients had recovered from the surgery and were satisfied with their frontal shape and projection. Conclusions: Frontal augmentation with silicone implants can be an effective adjuvant strategy to improve facial esthetics in patients with a flat and narrow forehead who undergo orthognathic reconstruction or total facial contouring surgery.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.959-966
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• 1997

In general, the booming noise intensity at tunnel exit is strongly related to the gradient of the compression wave front created by high speed train entering the tunnel. This paper presents some results in relation with the compression wave front produced when the high speed train enters a tunnel. Four kinds of tunnel entrance shape with real dimensions were studied to investigate the formation of compression wave front inside tunnel by train entering tunnel. Computations were carried out using three-dimensional compressible Euler equation with vanishing viscosity and conductivity of fluid. According to the results, the flow disturbances occured at tunnel entrance were eliminated by tunnel hood with same cross sectional area. The compression wave front is formed completely at 30-40m from tunnel entrance. The maximum pressure gradient of compression wave front is reduced by 29.8% for the inclined tunnel hood and reduced by 21.5% for the tunnel hood with holes at the top face with tunnel without hood. The length of the inclined hood is 15m and the length of the hood with holes is 20m.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

The competitive strategies of the Korean manufacturing companies have changed from the "cost leadership" strategy in the early developing stage since 1960's to the "stuck in the middle" position since 1990's in the face of emerging new cost leaders as the Chinese companies. The data on the strategic contents of the Korean manufacturing companies show that their strategies are seeking the value innovation through not only quality improvement but also cost reduction altogether rather than selecting one on the trade-off relation between the both competitive dimensions. Their strategic actions seem to be seeking the operational efficiencies through all the value chain activities rather than the strategic effectiveness by selecting and focusing on the specific competitive dimension, which is considered as a typical strategic approach. Their strategy seems to be non-strategic in the general sense. But their non-strategically looking behaviors can be reasonable enough for their sandwiched competitive position between the global quality leaders and following cost leaders. This paper explains why their strategies can be right through the theoretical explanations by using the quality-price elasticity approaches for the consumer behaviors. We can call their strategic activities as the value innovation strategy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.440-448
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• 1998

In many developed countries, for example, USA, respirator fit testing is required before entering specific work environment to ensure that the respirator worn satisfies a minimum of fit and that the user knows when the respirator fits properly. Unfortunately because we have not fit test regulation in Korea, a lot of workers wearing respirators may be potentially exposed to hazards. This study was conducted to evaluate the fitting performance for respirators and correlation fit factors with facial dimensions of wearers. 110 subjects (70 males, 40 females) were fit tested for three quarter masks, i.e., two domestic-made Mask 2, and Y and one foreign-made Mask T using PortaCount 8020. A facial dimension survey of the same subjects was conducted to develop a facial dimension grids fer correlation fit factors with facial dimension parameters. A facial dimension grid was developed on the basis of face length and lip length for quarter masks. The results obtained were as follows : 1 Fit factors of Mask T were much higher than those of Masks Z, and Y. 2. Males were fitted more properly than females. 3. Male in box 'f' of grid would be adequately fitted Mask Y and male in box 'b', 'e', 'f', 'h' of grid would be sufficiently fitted Mask T. Female in box 'h' of grid may have a good fitting performance for both Mask Y, and T. But subjects in all boxes of grid would be inadequately fitted Mask Z.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.561-568
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• 2008

Due to the rapid changes in world trade and shipping environment, today's ports face ever-increasing competition, from adjacent competing ports. To this reason, port service quality has been recognized as an important strategy to take competitive advantage for those competition. In general, service quality has effect on customer loyalty, and customer loyalty is the resource to sustain competitive advantage which service providers or service producers. By improving customer loyalty, companies can get more benefits and added value. However, this causality qf port service quality has not been clearly identified. Thus, various empirical studies in relation to port service quality are needed. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of perceived port service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. To achieve this aim, we established 8 hypotheses based on SERVPERF in order to test correlations of 5 dimensions of port service, port service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. From the result of the hypothesis testing, we found that customer satisfaction and port service quality do not affect customer loyalty in spite of high effect of port service on customer satisfaction.

• 인지과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

본 논문은 내적상태의 차원모형을 기반으로 한 얼굴 표정인식을 위한 새로운 시스템을 제시한다. 얼굴표정 정보는 3단계로 추출된다. 1단계에서는 Gabor 웨이브렛 표상이 얼굴 요소들의 경계선을 추출한다. 2단계에서는 중립얼굴상에서 얼굴표정의 성긴 특징들이 FCM 군집화 알고리즘을 사용하여 추출된다. 3단계에서는 표정영상에서 동적인 모델을 사용하여 성긴 특징들이 추출된다. 마지막으로 다층 퍼셉트론을 사용하여 내적상태의 차원모델에 기반한 얼굴표정 인식을 보인다. 정서의 이차원 구조는 기본 정서와 관련된 얼굴표정의 인식 뿐만 아니라 다양한 정서의 표정들로 인식할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 인지과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2003

얼굴 인상과 얼굴의 물리적 특징 사이의 관계를 분석하고 인상이 얼굴의 유사성 판단에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 얼굴 데이터베이스로부터 선정한 79개의 얼굴에 대해 '순하다-사납다', '영리하다-우둔하다', '여성스럽다-남자답다', '앳되다-성숙하다'의 네 개 차원에 대한 인상 평정값과 41개의 물리적 특징의 측정값을 수집하였다. 두 가지 값을 대상으로 한 중다 회귀 분석 결과, 얼굴의 물리적 구조가 인상과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 얼굴의 유사성 판단 실험을 통해서 인상이 얼굴 정보 처리 과정에서의 사용 가능성을 확인하였다. 실험 결과, 사람들은 물리적 특징 조건이 비슷할 때 중성 인상의 얼굴보다 동일한 인상의 얼굴들을 더 유사하게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 인상이 얼굴 생김새를 표상하는 심리적인 구조로 사용되며 인상 정보가 얼굴 처리 과정에 포함될 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.