• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.456-461
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to give PP(polypropylene) fabric a good affinity for water. Oxygen plasma was treated to PP fabrics in a commercial glow discharge reactor with different RF power, discharge pressure, and reaction time. The PP fiber surfaces were characterized by the measurement of contact angle and ESCA. A JEOL scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of fibers. The spontaneous water uptake amount of PP fabrics was determined by the demand wettability test. To determine the effect of aging on the surface properties of $O_2$ plasma treated PP, all the above measurements of the samples were carried out after 1, 7, 30, 60, and 150 days. The results are as follows. The PP fiber surfaces treated by $O_2$ plasma treatment have a chemical composition that consisted of various oxygen containing polar groups. Consequently, the contact angles of the treated PP fibers decreased, which improved the water uptake rate of PP fabrics. Surface roughness of the treated PP affected the fabric wettabiity as well. Wettability of the treated PP decreased and leveled off with aging. The $O_2$ plasma treatment is a simple and effective method to increase the water uptake rate of PP fabrics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 1973

Radiation grafting of acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine at room temperature has been studied by an impregnation method to improve the hygroscopic properties, the antistatic behavior and the dyeability of polyester fabric. Polyester fabric was impregnated with acrylic acid or aqueous emulsion of acrylic acid-4-vinylpyridine by immersion at 25$^{\circ}$or 7$0^{\circ}C$. The impregnated fabric was irradiated under nitrogen gas with ${\gamma}$-rays from Co-60. When acrylic acid grafted polyester fabric was treated with sodium carbonate, calcium acetate and potassium persulfate, tne rate of water absorption was increased and most parts of polyacrylic acid formed were extracted off from the fabric with 0.1% solution of sodium hydroxide at 10$0^{\circ}C$. In the case of the impregnation of a mixture of acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine the petcent of grafting has been shown to be proportional to the ratio of 4-VP/AA and radiation dost. Estimating by contact angle measurements of water on the various polymer surfaces, the antistatic behavior was decreased with the increase of grafting percent. The investigation of electron micrograph disclosed the existence of certain type of discontinuities in the acrylic acid grafted polyester fiber which was treated with various salts.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2009

Studies on plants such as lotus leaf suggested that dual-scale structure could contribute to super-hydrophobicity. We introduced super-hydrophobicity onto poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) fabric with dual-scale structure by assembling $TiO_2$ nano sol. PET fabric was treated with $TiO_2$ sol, water-repellent agent using various parameters such as particle size, concentration. Morphological changes by particle size were observed using field emmission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and AFM measurement, contact angle measurement equipment. The contact angle of water was about 138.5$^{\circ}$, 125.8$^{\circ}$, 125.5$^{\circ}$ and 108.9$^{\circ}$ for PET fabric coated with 60.2nm, 120.1nm, 200nm and 410.5nm $TiO_2$ particles, compared with about 111.5$^{\circ}$ for PET fabric coated with water repellent. When we mixed particle sizes of 60.2nm and 120.1nm by 7:3 volume ratio, the contact angle of water was about 132.5$^{\circ}$. And we mixed particle sizes of 60.2nm and 200nm by 7:3 volume ratio, the contact angle of water was about 141.8$^{\circ}$. Also we mixed particle sizes of 60.2nm and 410.5nm by 7:3 volume ratio, the best super-hydrophobicity was obtained. In this paper, we fabricated various surface structures to the water-repellent surfaces by using four types of $TiO_2$ nano-particles, and we found that the nanoscale structure was very important for the super-hydrophobicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.3_4 s.141
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• pp.561-568
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• 2005

The irradiation of Ultra-Violet (UV) is an efficient treatment for polymer to improve hydrophilic properties. 4-Channel PET knit fabrics were treated with UVA and UVC to develop functional and environment-friendly fabric. The fabric was treated with various treatment times and distances from UV lamps having different wavelength. FT-IR and XPS investigated the chemical changes. To confirm the change of surface properties, contact angle, surface energy and SEM were examined. The study of UV as a treatment for PET knit fabric shows significant changes in chemical and surface properties, which is proved by analyses. FT-IR and XPS analyses prove the augmentation of carboxylic, Hydrophilic groups on the surfaces treated by UV. The increase of water contact angle and surface energy means more water wettable and surface energy of PET film was substantially increased by UV irradiation time. The ageing after surface treatment had little influence on the surface energy of the irradiated PET film. SEM proves the surface modification of PET such as etching, bubble and crack. The negative effects are increased in accordance with increasing treatment time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.5-7
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• 2003

의류용 섬유제품의 쾌적성을 객관적으로 측정하려는 시도가 계속되고 있지만, 아직 소비자의 미묘한 차이를 검출하는 능력을 재현하기에는 거리가 있어 보인다. 객관적 측정법들은 재현성과 신뢰성 면에서 제각기 자신들의 우수한 성능을 자랑하지만, 검출능력의 민감성은 주관적 평가에 훨씬 못 미치고 있기 때문에 비현실적인 경우가 많다. 본 연구의 목적은 주관적 평가의 신뢰성을 높이고 통계적인 추론이 가능한 보다 진보된 형식의 주관적 평가법을 개발하고 의류용 직물의 촉감평가에 응용하는 것이다. 국내에서 생산되는 여름용 캐쥬얼 웨어를 대상으로 여러 형태의 주관적 평가법을 적용하여 그 촉감을 평가하였다. 평정척도법, 표준 비교법, 순위법, Thurstone일대 비교법, Quad 분석법 등을 순차적으로 적용하여 평가자 판단의 일관성 여부, 평가자간의 일치성 여부, 재현성 및 논리성 여부를 통계적으로 평가한 후 이를 통과한 평가자들을 대상으로 실험을 반복한 후, 직물 촉감과 관련된 물리적 속성들과의 관련성을 고찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.352-357
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• 2004

In this study. the effects of combined environmental factors on mechanical and thermal analysis properties of graphite/epoxy composites were evaluated through a 2.5KW accelerated environmental aging tester. Environmental factors such as temperature. moisture, and ultraviolet were considered. A xenon-arc lamp was utilized for ultraviolet light. and exposure times of up to 3000 hours were applied. Several types of specimens - tensile, bending, and shear specimens those are warp direction and fill direction were used to investigate the effects of environmental factors on mechanical properties of the composites. The glass fabric $\sharp$650/AP300 was used for the fabrication of specimens. Mechanical degradations for tensile, bending and shear properties were evaluated through a UTM. Also. storage shear modulus. loss shear modulus, and tan $\delta$ were measured as a function of exposure times through a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Finally exposed surfaces of the composites were examined using II scanning electron microscope.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.189-192
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• 2004

In this study, mode II interlaminar fracture phenomena of carbon fabric/epoxy composite for tilting train were investigated. The end notched flexural specimen containing an artificial crack with the thickness of 12.5fl11l was used. The mode II interlaminar fracture toughness was evaluated through a three point bending test and the fractured surfaces were examined through a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results obtained in this study would be applicable in the design and structural analysis of the composite structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low temperature plasma on the surface properties of polyester fabric with respect to wettability and water repellency. Highly wettable polyester fabric surfaces were obtained by oxygen treatment. The improved wettabililty of oxygen plasma treated fabrics decreased with aging time up to 30 days, and then the wettability remained relatively constant and still exhibited significant improvement compared to that of untreated polyester. Water repellency was significantly improved by tetratfluorocarbon plasma treatment. Such an improvement appears due to introduced fluo\ulcornerrine atoms or a thin fluorocarbon film on the fiber surface. Water repellency remained constant in fact, even after 150 days.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.698-703
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• 2004

In this study, mode I interlaminar fracture phenomena of carbon fabric/epoxy composite for tilting train were investigated. Specimens were 25mm $\times$ 180mm $\times$ 4.7mm with an initial artificial delamination of 65mm at one end. This delamination with the thickness of 12.5$\mu$m and 25$\mu$m (teflon film) was used. Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness was measured using the double cantilever beam and the fractured surfaces were examined through a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results obtained in this study would be applicable in the design and structural analysis of the composite structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The CFRP composite has a lot of merits such as mechanical characteristic, light and thermal resistance. For these merits, CFRP is applied to so many industrial area. In order to use the composite materials in the aircraft structures or machine elements, accurate surfaces for bearing mounting or joints must be provided, which require precise, machining. In this study, the specimens differentiating the stacking sequence of 5kinds were used. When drilling the carbon fiber reinforced plastics, it was checked on whether the stacking sequence reached any effect on the cutting force. Also relationship between the drill diameter is examined from the drilling experiment, which is the drilling of Fabric, Unidirectional specimen with ∅6mm, ∅10mm, ∅12mm cemented carbide drill. Considering cutting force and drilling diameter, the results are analyzed.