• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2011

In view of the hypothesis that the effects of Parkinson's disease on voice production can be detected before pharmacological intervention, the prosodic features of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and a healthy aging group were diagnostically analyzed with the long term object of establishing, for clinical purposes, early disease-progression biomarkers. Twenty patients (male 8; female 12) with IPD (prior to pharmacological intervention) and a healthy control group of 22 (male 10; female 12) were selected. Ten sentences were recorded with a head-worn microphone. One sentence was chosen for the analysis of this paper. Relevant parameters, i.e. 3-dimensional model (F0, intensity, duration) and pitch and intensity related slopes (maxEnergy, maxF0, meanAbS, semiT, meanEnergy, meanF0), were analyzed by two-group discriminant analysis. The stepwise estimation method of discriminant analysis was performed by gender. The discriminant functions predicted 83.9% of the male test data correctly while the prediction rate was 93.1% for the female group. The results showed that meanF0_slope and semiT_slope were more important parameters than the others for the male group. For the female group, the meanEnergy_slope and maxEnergy_slope were the important ones. These findings indicate that significant parameters are different for the male and female group. Gender lifestyle may be responsible for this difference. Dysprosodic features of IPD show not simultaneously but progressively in terms of F0, intensity and duration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.511-516
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• 2022

Objective: A genomic region associated with a particular phenotype is called quantitative trait loci (QTL). To detect the optimal F₂ population size associated with QTLs in native chicken, we performed a simulation study on F₂ population derived from crosses between two different breeds. Methods: A total of 15 males and 150 females were randomly selected from the last generation of each F₁ population which was composed of different breed to create two different F₂ populations. The progenies produced from these selected individuals were simulated for six more generations. Their marker genotypes were simulated with a density of 50K at three different heritability levels for the traits such as 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5. Our study compared 100, 500, 1,000 reference population (RP) groups to each other with three different heritability levels. And a total of 35 QTLs were used, and their locations were randomly created. Results: With a RP size of 100, no QTL was detected to satisfy Bonferroni value at three different heritability levels. In a RP size of 500, two QTLs were detected when the heritability was 0.5. With a RP size of 1,000, 0.1 heritability was detected only one QTL, and 0.5 heritability detected five QTLs. To sum up, RP size and heritability play a key role in detecting QTLs in a QTL study. The larger RP size and greater heritability value, the higher the probability of detection of QTLs. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of a large RP and heritability can improve QTL detection in an F₂ chicken population.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1839-1849
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• 2022

Objective: The study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and unique genetic structure of the Min pig conserved population, divide the nucleus conservation population, and construct the molecular pedigree. Methods: We used KPS Porcine Breeding Chip v1 50K for SNP detection of 94 samples (31♂, 63♀) in the Min pig conserved population from Lanxi breeding Farm. Results: The polymorphic marker ratio (PN), the observed heterozygosity (Ho), and the expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.663, 0.335, and 0.330, respectively. The pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients (F_PED) was significantly different from those estimated from runs of homozygosity (F_ROH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (F_SNP) based on genome. The Pearson correlation coefficient between F_ROH and F_SNP was significant (p<0.05). The effective population content (Ne) showed a continuously decreasing trend. The rate of decline was the slowest from 200 to 50 generations ago (r = 0.95), then accelerated slightly from 50 to 5 generations ago (1.40

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1998

To investigate the genetic polymorphisms and constitutions of blood proteins and enzymes in the Korean native cattle population of National Livestock Cooperatives Federation(NLCF), the genetic variants of transferrin(Tf), post-transferrin-2(pTf-2), albumin(Alb), post-albumin(pAlb), ceruloplasmin(Cp), amylase-I(Am-I) and herroglobin(Hb) were analyzed using the PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and ST AGE(starch gel electrophoresis) methods. On the genetic variants of the serum proteins, the transferrin(Tf) locus was assumed to be genetically controlled by codominant alleles, Tf A, $D_1$, $D_2$ and E alleles, and the gene frequencies of these were 0.249, 0.248, 0.260 and 0.243, respectively. The post-transferrin locus was observed to be controlled by pTf-2 F and S alleles, and the gene frequencies of these were 0.662 and 0.338, respectively. The post-albumin(pAlb) loci were identified to be controlled by two alleles, pAlb F and S alleles for pAlb locus, and the gene frequncies of these were 0.440 and 0.560 for pAlb F and S alleles, respectively. On the genetic variants of the serum enzymes, ceruloplasmin(Cp) and amylase-I(Am-I) loci were found to be controlled by two alleles, Cp F and S for Cp locus, and Am-I B and C for Am-I locus, and gene frequencies of these were 0.319 and 0.681 for Cp F and S, and 0.871 and 0.120 for Am-I Band C, respectively. On the genetic variants of the hemoglobin(Hb), the distributions of genotypes were 76.5, 21.2 and 2.3% for Hb AA, AB and BB types, and the gene frequnecies for Hb A and B were 0.871 and 0.129, respectively. On the effects of genetic variants of blood proteins, Tf $D_1D_1$, $D_2D_2$ and $D_2E$ genotypes were significantly higher on body weight at 6 month and average daily gain than that of other Tf genotypes.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.126
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• pp.345-376
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• 2013

Der vorliegende Beitrag zielt darauf ab, Nietzsches Einstellung zum Christentum zu $er{\ddot{o}}rtern$. Nietzsche gilt als einer der eindeutigsten Kritiker des Christentums in der $abendl{\ddot{a}}ndischen$ Geistesgeschichte. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche ist das Christentum nicht nur eine Religion, sondern auch eine Wertvorstellung, an der sich die $europ{\ddot{a}}ische$ Kultur orientiert hat. Nietzsche setzt sich die $vollst{\ddot{a}}ndig$ ${\ddot{U}}berwindung$ des Christentums zum Ziel, weil es der entscheidende Grund des Untergangs der $europ{\ddot{a}}ische$ Kultur ist. Ist Nietzsche Antichrist? Die Antwort auf die Frage ist sehr umstritten, denn Nietzsches Einstellung zum Christentum ist ambivalent. Freilich fokussiert Nietzsche seine Kritik nicht auf den Religionsstifter selbst, sondern auf den Apostel Paulus. In den verschiedenen Phasen seines Werkes erscheint Jesus in unterschiedlicher Weise. Er lehnt die Person Jesus nicht $grunds{\ddot{a}}tzlich$ ab, negiert aber den 'Typus' Jesus, z. B. als 'Idiot' und 'decadent'. Paulus ist der entscheidende Antipode $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche. Der Apostel Paulus ist der wahre $Begr{\ddot{u}}nder$ des Christentums und der Sklavenmoral der Christen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt Antworten auf die Fragen: Erstens, was das Christentum $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche ist. Zweitens, wie Karl Jaspers Nietzsches $Verh{\ddot{a}}ltnis$ zu Jesus und Paulus besonders in Nietzsche und das Christentum beurteilt. Drittens, welches Problem die Interpretation von Jaspers besonders in Bezug auf seinen Begriff des 'Umgreifenden' hat.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2007

Der Begriff des Todes $h{\ddot{a}}ngt$ die einzelne Wertvorstellung ab, so dass die Unanschaulichkeit des Todes besteht und noch zu $kl{\ddot{a}}ren$ ist. Im koreanischen Recht, findet sich keine Legaldefinition des Todes. In der juristischen Literatur herrscht der Herztod, nach dem $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den Todeszeitpunkt der irreversible und $vollst{\ddot{a}}ndige$ Stillstand der $Herzt\ddot{a}tigkeit$ gehalten wird, $herk{\ddot{o}}mmlicherweise$ bis jetzt als Todesdefinition vor. Der Herztod basiert darauf, dass Individualtod des Menschen durch den $endg{\ddot{u}}ltigen$, nicht behebbaren Stillstands von Herzschlag nach Ausfall von Atmung eingetreten sind. Auch der medizinische Laie kann den Herztod einfach wahrnehmen und sicher feststellen. Darauf folgt der Herztod als sicheres Todeszeichen angesehen wird. In der Regel trete der Herztod letzte Mal im $nat{\ddot{u}}rlichen$ Sterbeprozess ein. Die $j{\ddot{u}}ngste$ $k{\ddot{u}}nstlichen$ Reanimationsma ${\SS}nahmen$ $erm{\ddot{o}}glicht$ es, die Atmungs- und Kreislauffunktion $f{\ddot{u}}r$ eine begrenzte Zeit $k{\ddot{u}}nstlich$ aufrecht zu erhalten. Die Entwicklung der Medizin machte es zu erkennen, dass das "Zentralorgan Gehirn" $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Aufrechterhaltung der biologischen Lebensfunktion des Gesamtorganismus unverzichtbar ist. Die Verbesserung von Transplantationstechniken gab $gro{\SS}en$ Anlass neben $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den verbesserten Reanimationstechniken auch $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den Fortschritt auf dem Gebiet der toten Transplantation. Je frischer die Organe sind, desto $gr\ddot{o}{\SS}er$ sind die Chancen $f{\ddot{u}}r$ eine erfolgreiche Verpflanzung und $f{\ddot{u}}r$ $T{\ddot{a}}tigkeit$ im $Empf{\ddot{a}}ngerorganismus$. Die Organentnahme als solche wird $unzul{\ddot{a}}ssig$ nur durch Feststellung des Herztod bei lebenswichtigen Organe, besonders wie Herz. Der Herzstillstand allein ist aber kein sicheres Kriterimn $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die $Zul{\ddot{a}}ssigkeit$ der Organentnahme. Im Korea wurde das Gesetz ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die Transplantation von Organen (Gesetz-Nummer 5858) am 8. Februar 1999 ${\ddot{o}}ffentlich$ bekannt gemacht l1nd trat am 9. Febrllar 2000 in Kraft(${\S}$ 1 Schussvorschriften kTPG). Aus der Sicht des Gesamthirntod definiert das Transplantationsgesetz derjenige, dass nach Kriterien und Nachweisverfahren $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Hirntodfeststellung dieses Gesetzes der irreversible Ausfall der Gesamthirnfunktion festgestellt wird, als Hirntoter (${\S}$ 3 Nr.4 kTPG). Mit dieser Regelung wird die Feststellung des Gesamthimtodes als gesetzliche Mindestvoraussetzung $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Organentnahme festgelegt. Es handelt sich um Kriterien und Nachweisverfahren $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Hirntodfeststellung des koreanischen Transplantationsgesetzes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2007

An enrichment semi-nested PCR procedure was developed for detection of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F. It was applied to sediment samples to examine the prevalence of C. botulinum in the Korean environment. The first pair of primers for the semi-nested PCR was designed using a region shared by the types A, B, E, and F neurotoxin gene sequences, and the second round employed four nested primers complementary to the BoNT/A, /B, /E, and /F encoding genes for simultaneous detection of the four serotypes. Positive results were obtained from the PCR analysis of five of 44 sediments (11%) collected from Yeong-am Lake in Korea; all were identified as deriving from type B neurotoxin (bontb) genes. Two of the C. botulinum type B organisms were isolated, and their bontb genes sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of BoNT/B showed 99.5 and 99.8% identity with the amino acid sequence of accession no. AB084152. Our data suggest that semi-nested PCR is a useful tool for detecting C. botulinum in sediments, and renders it practicable to conduct environmental surveys.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.727-740
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• 2008

A ring R is called IFP, due to Bell, if ab=0 implies aRb=0 for $a,b{\in}R$. Huh et al. showed that the IFP condition need not be preserved by polynomial ring extensions. But it is shown that ${\sum}^n_{i=0}$ $E_{ai}E$ is a nonzero nilpotent ideal of E whenever R is an IFP ring and $0{\neq}f{\in}F$ is nilpotent, where E is a polynomial ring over R, F is a polynomial ring over E, and $a_i^{'s}$ are the coefficients of f. we shall use the term near IFP to denote such a ring as having place near at the IFPness. In the present note the structures of IFP rings and near-IFP rings are observed, extending the classes of them. IFP rings are NI (i.e., nilpotent elements form an ideal). It is shown that the near-IFPness and the NIness are distinct each other, and the relations among them and related conditions are examined.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2113-2120
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• 2018

Cross-reactive material 197 ($CRM_{197}$) is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin containing a single amino acid substitution of glycine 52 with glutamic acid. $CRM_{197}$ has been used as a carrier protein for poorly immunogenic polysaccharide antigens to improve immune responses. In this study, to develop a sandwich ELISA that can detect $CRM_{197}$ and $CRM_{197}$ conjugate vaccines, we generated a human anti-$CRM_{197}$ monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F9 using a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library and produced mouse anti-$CRM_{197}$ polyclonal antibody. The affinity ($K_D$) of 3F9 for $CRM_{197}$ was 3.55 nM, based on Bio-Layer interferometry, and it bound specifically to the B fragment of $CRM_{197}$. The sandwich ELISA was carried out using 3F9 as a capture antibody and the mouse polyclonal antibody as a detection antibody. The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA was <1 ng/ml $CRM_{197}$. In addition, the 3F9 antibody bound to the $CRM_{197}$-polysaccharide conjugates tested in a dose-dependent manner. This ELISA system will be useful for the quantification and characterization of $CRM_{197}$ and $CRM_{197}$ conjugate vaccines. To our knowledge, this study is the first to generate a human monoclonal antibody against $CRM_{197}$ and to develop a sandwich ELISA for $CRM_{197}$ conjugate vaccines.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objective: FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5) has been shown to play an important role in metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle. However, the expression of FKBP5 in Muscovy duck tissues and its association with body weight are still unclear. Methods: In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of FKBP5 in different tissues of Muscovy duck at different growth stages. Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the exon region of FKBP5 and were combined analyzed with the body weight of 334 Muscovy ducks. Results: FKBP5 was highly expressed in various tissues of Muscovy duck at days 17, 19, 21, 24, and 27 of embryonic development. In addition, the expression of FKBP5 in the tissues of female adult Muscovy ducks was higher than that of male Muscovy ducks. Besides, an association analysis indicated that 3 SNPs were related to body weight trait. At the g.4819252 A>G, the body weight of AG genotype was significantly higher than that of the AA and the GG genotype. At the g.4821390 G>A, the genotype GA was extremely significantly related to body weight. At the g.4830622 T>G, the body weight of TT was significantly higher than GG and TG. Conclusion: These findings indicate the possible effects of expression levels in various tissues and the SNPs of FKBP5 on Muscovy duck body weight trait. FKBP5 could be used as molecular marker for muscle development trait using early marker-assisted selection of Muscovy ducks.