• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.470-474
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• 1998

Data on the first lactation performance traits of $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses covering the period from 1972 to 1995 of a total of 803 dairy cows of three genetic grades maintained at Livestock Production Research Farm, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar were analysed. Three genetic grades were 1/2 Friesian + 1/2 Hariana (FH), 1/2 Friesian + 1/4 Brown Swiss and 1/4 Hariana (FBH) and 1/2 Friesian+ 1/4 Jersey + 1/4 Hariana (FJH). Age at first calving increased by 7% and 8% in $F_2$ and $F_3$, respectively, over the $F_1$ in FH. The reduction in age at first calving at $F_2$ and $F_3$ levels by 2-7% over the $F_1$ was observed in FBH and FJH. The lactation milk yield of $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses was $1,943{\pm}100.3$, $2202{\pm}120.5$ and $1,925{\pm}123.2kg$ in FH; $2,014{\pm}76.7$, $2,264{\pm}91.5$ and $2,096{\pm}123.9kg$ in FBH and $2,005{\pm}87.0$, $2,414{\pm}94.4$ and $2,093{\pm}121.1kg$ in FJH, respectively. The lactation milk yield improved by 12-20% in $F_2$ crosses in various genetic grades. The performance of $F_1$ was, however, maintained in FH $F_3$ crosses, it improved by 4% in FBH and FJH $F_3$ crosses. The lactation lengths and calving intervals were nearly the same for $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses in FH while lactation lengths and calving intervals were reduced by 3-11% in $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses in FBH and FJH genetic grades. The milk yield/day of lactation length and milk yield/day of calving interval increased by 16-35% in $F_2$ and 2-14% in $F_3$ over the $F_1$ in various genetic grades. It is recommended that a sufficiently large effective population size of these three genetic grades be maintained by inter se matings and rigorous selection of sires so for developing a genetic base population for new breed development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1977

The Purposes of this study are to determine differences of body temperature between Right arid left subligual areas itself and differences depending upon the utilization rate of mastication according to time intervals and to determine the length of time necessary for temperature taking. This Experiment was conducted from Oct 6 through Oct 11, 1975. in which accurately tested clinical Centigrade Thermometers have been utilized. Two thermometers were inserted simultaneously under the right and left sublingual areas and the mouth kept closed while thermometers were in Place. Temperature readings were dr no at three minutes, five minutes and ten minutes. These procedures were repeated one hundred times to different subjects and the data were analyzed statistically by means of the t-test and the F-ratio. Under the 10 hypotheses designed for this study, The findings obtained are as follows; 1. The body temperatures taken at 3, 5, 10minutes intervals in the left sublingual areas were significantly higher than in the right sublingual areas , The average differences of body temperature between the right and left sublingual areas were 0.09$^{\circ}C$, 0.05$^{\circ}C$ and 0.03$^{\circ}C$ in the oder of time interval of 3, 5, and 10 minutes. 2. The body temperatures taken in the right sublingual areas among three different temperature readings, 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 57 subjects who have been utilizing evenly both sides of the Teeth. The average readings in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.04$^{\circ}C$, for 5 minutes 37.15$^{\circ}C$ and for 10minutes 37.28$^{\circ}C$. 3. The body temperatures taken in the left sublingual areas among three different temperature readings, 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 57 subjects who have been utilizing evenly both sides of the tenth. The average reading in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.13$^{\circ}C$, for 5 minutes 37.2$^{\circ}C$ and for 10 minutes 37.31$^{\circ}C$. 4., Oral temperatures taken at 3, 5, 10 minutes intervals at the side of mouth utilized for more frequent mastication were Significantly higher than the other side. The average differences of body temperature between more frequently utilized side and Less frequently utilized side were 0.08f, 0.08f and 0.09f in the order of time interval of 3, 5 and 10 minutes. 5. Oral temperature taken at the side of mouth more frequently utilized for mastication among three different temperature readings, 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 43 subjects who have been unequally utilizing either side of teeth. The average reading in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.09$^{\circ}C$, for 5 minutes 37.17$^{\circ}C$ and for 10 minutes 37.3$^{\circ}C$. 6. Oral temperature taken at the side of mouth less frequently utilized for mastication among three different temperature readings 3, 5 and 10 minutes were significantly different in 43 subjects who have been unequally utilizing either side of teeth. The average reading in a group taking for 3 minutes was 37.01$^{\circ}C$, for S minutes 37.09$^{\circ}C$ and for minutes 37.21$^{\circ}C$. As a result of this study, these differences among time intervals were statistically significant, but there were not so much differences as to be considered important in the clinical practice. Therefore, there would be clinically little difference between two groups who are taking for 3 minutes and for 10 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

Zinc fluosilicate ($ZnSiF_6$, 15% aqueous solution) was prepared using zinc oxide (ZnO) and fluosilicic acid ($H_2SiF_6$) by soluiton synthetic method. The fluidity and hydration properties of cement which was added $ZnSiF_6$ (aq.) as an additive for cement were studied. At water to cement ratio (W/C) equals to 0.45, the initial fluidity and slump loss of cement paste which the addition of $ZnSiF_6$ (aq.) was increased from 1.0% to 4.0% based on cement weight were investigated. Initial fluidity of cement paste was measured by mini-slump test and slump loss was examined by measuring the fluidity variation of cement paste with time elapsed from 0 min to 120 min at intervals 30 min. Also, the effect of $ZnSiF_6$ addition on the setting and hydration of cement paste when $ZnSiF_6$ increased in the addition range 1.0% to 3.0% were investigated. The fluidity of cement paste which was added 2.1% $ZnSiF_6$ (aq.) presented the highest value among all addition ranges. The setting time of cement paste was retarded gradually and the heat evolution of hydrated cement was reduced with the increasing of $ZnSiF_6$ addition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the bioavailability of $Ceclex^{(R)}$ SR TAB (test drug, cefaclor 375 mg/Tablet) with that of Ceclor $MR^{(R)}$ SR IAB (reference drug) and to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefaclor in healthy Korean volunteers. The bioavailability was examined on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (375 mg) of each drug in the fasting state in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, blood samples were collected for a period of 7 hours. Plasma concentrations of cefaclor were determined using HPLC with UV detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_{0-7h},\;C_{max},\;T_{max},\;AUC_{inf},\;K_e,\;t_{1/2},\;V_d/F,\;and\;CL/F)$ were calculated with non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the $T_{max}$, log-transformed $AUC_{0-7h$}$, log-transformed $C_{max},\;t_{1/2},\;V_d/F$, and $CL/F$. The ratios of geometric means of $AUC_{0-7h}\;and\;C_{max}$ between test drug End reference drug were $95.67\%\;(8.55\;vs\;8.18{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml)\;and\;103.86\%\;(2.85\;vs\;2.96{\mu}g/ml)$, respectively. The $T_{max}$ of test drug and reference drug was $2.56\pm0.15\;and\;2.23\pm0.13\;hrs,\;respectively.\;The\;90\%$ confidence intervals of mean difference of logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-7h}\;and\;C_{max}$ were log0.90-log1.04 and log0.91-log1.13, respectively. It shows that the bioavailability of test drug is equivalent with that of reference drug.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.407-410
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• 2000

(M $n_{l-x}$M $g_{l-x}$)F $e_{2+x}$ $O_4$(x=0.0, 0.025, 0.1, 0.2) for NTC(negative temperature coefficient) thermistor was prepared by calcining at 80$0^{\circ}C$ and sintering at from 1100 to 130$0^{\circ}C$ with 5$0^{\circ}C$ intervals while x was varied from 0.0 to 0.025, 0.1 and 0.2. The best linear property was obtained in the based specimen sintered at 120$0^{\circ}C$ with x=0.1 composition. Thermistor parameter, $B_{25~85^{\circ}C}$, was in the range of 5000~ 7300 [K]. Temperature coefficient of resistance, $\alpha$$_{25^{\circ}C}$, was -5.2 %/$^{\circ}C$. The results showed the possibility that Mn-Ni-Co based thermistor could be substituted by the composition used in this study was confirmed.med.d.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find out the basic data for irrigation plans of red pepper and radish during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficent of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum ten day evapotranspiration , optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soil texture for split plot, and three levels ; irrigation point with pH1.7-2.0, pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5-2.8, at soil texture of sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay for both red pepper and radish, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.1/10 exceedance probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for red peppr and radish were shown as 663.6 mm and 251.8 mm. respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for red pepper and radish, 67.1 mm and 46.9 mm, respectively. 2.The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can he occurred, exists at any stage between the middle of May and the late of August for red pepper, and at any stage between the late of August and the late September for radish. 3.The magnitude of evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper was occurred large in order of pF1.7-2.0 pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5~2.8 in aspect of irrigation point and the difference in the magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient between levels of irrigation point was difficult to be found out due to the relative increase in water consumption resulted from large flourishing growth at the irrigation point in lower water content for radish. In aspect of soil texture they were appeared large in order of sandy loam, silty clay and sandy soil for both red pepper and radish. 4.The magnitude of leaf area index was shown large in order of pF2.1-2.4, pF2.5-2.8, and pFl.7-2.0, for red pepper and of pF2.5-2.8, pF2.1-2.4, pFl.7-2.0 for radish in aspect of irrigation point, and large in order of sandy loam, silty clay, sandy soil for both red pepper and radish in aspect of soil texture 5.1/10 exceedance probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period for red pepper were shown as 683.5 mm and 1.03, respectively, while those of radish, 250.3 mm and 0, 99. respectively. 6.The time that the maximum evapotranspiration of red pepper can be occurred is in the middle of August around the date of ninetieth to hundredth after transplanting, and the time for radish is presumed to be in the late of September, around the date of thirtieth to fourtieth after sowing. At that time, 1/10 exceedance probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper is assumed to be 81.8 mm and 1.22, respectively, while those of radish, 49, 7 mm and 1, 06, respectively. 7.Optimum irrigation point for red pepper on the basis of the yield of raw matter is assumed to be pFl.7-2.0 for sandy soil, pF2.5-2.8 for sandy loam, and pF2.1-2.4 for silty clay. while that for radish is appeared to be pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 8.The soil moisture extraction patterns of red pepper and radish have shown that maximum extraction rates exist at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth in any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates have shown tendency to be greatest at 21cm deep layer from the most flourishing stage of growth for red pepper and at the last stage of growth for radish. 9.The total readily available moisture on the basic of the optimum irrigation point become 3.77-8.66 mm for sandy soil, 28.39-34.67 mm for sandy loam and 18.40-25.70 mm for silty clay for red pepper of each soil texture used but that of radish that has shown the optimum irrigation point of pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 12.49-15.27 mm for sandy soil, 23.03-28.13 mm for sandy loam, and 22.56~27.57 mm for silty clay. 10.On the basis of each optimum irrigation point. the intervals of irrigation date at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use of red pepper become l.4 days for sandy soil, 3.8 days for sandy loam and 2.6 days for silty clay, while those of radish, about 7.2 days.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

Aerosol optical properties from the radiation measurements by SKYNET PREDE skyradiometers, POM-01 and POM-02 were compared during the inter-calibration campaign at Seoul in February 2009. The monochromatic solar flux at the top of the atmosphere ($F_0$) gave a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 9-10% for both instruments. This comparatively high value of RSD was probably because $F_0$ was determined at short time intervals, in the morning and afternoon, using the measurements made in the polluted environment of Seoul. Although POM-02 was more effective in tracking the solar radiation, aerosol optical depths (AODs) from the two instruments were very similar after the cloud screening procedure. The squared correlation coefficients ($R^2$) of single scattering albedo (SSA) and real and imaginary refractive indices between the two instruments was around 0.5 but increased to 0.7-0.8 when only using AOD greater than 0.4. Nevertheless, mean values of the Angstrom exponent, SSA, and the imaginary refractive index of POM-02 were higher than those of POM-01.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.617-626
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• 2020

This study investigates changes of bifurcation discharge ratio, flow velocity distributions and characteristics of separation zone due to variation of bifurcation angle by using TELEMAC-2D model. When the bifurcation angle is reduced from 90° to 45° without changing the boundary conditions, the bifurcation discharge ratio increased by 1.5 times from 0.523 to 0.785 because of increasing the radius of curvatures, the inertia force of the downstream flow, and the pressure gradient by the downstream boundary conditions. The bifurcation discharge ratio increases non-linearly whenever the bifurcation angle decreases by 15° intervals from 90° to 45° in flow with the upstream Froude number of 0.45 to 0.74. In flow with a maximum Froude number of 0.74, the rate of increase for bifurcation discharge ratio is 31.1% and the minimum value. When the Froude number is 0.58, the bifurcation discharge ratio is 0.7 or less, and the maximum rate of increase for that ratio is 53.5%. As the upstream Froude number decreases less than 0.58, the bifurcation discharge ratio exceeds 0.7, and the rate of increase decreases. When the upstream Froude number is 0.4 higher, the dimensionless width and length changing ratio of the separation zone are about 2.56 and 5.5 times higher than in 0.4 or less.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to fmd out the bask data for irrigation plans of tomato and chinese cabbage during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficients of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum evapotranspiration, optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soji texture for split plot, and three levels, irrigation points with PF 1.8, PF 2.2, PF 2.6 for tomato and those with PF 1.9, PF 2.3, PF 2.7, for Chinese cabbage, soil textures of silty clay, sandy loam and sandy soil for both tomato and Chinese cabbage, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteoralogical factors considered. Therefore, the pan evaporation is enough to be used as a meteorological index measuring the quantity of evapotranspiration. 2. 1/10 probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for tomato and Chinese cabbage were shown as 355.8 mm and 233.0 mm, respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for tomato and Chinese cabbage, 68.0 mm and 43.8 mm, respectively. 3. The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can be occurred, exists at any stage of growing period for tomato, and at any growth stage till the late of Septemberfor Chinese cabbage. 4. The magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient for tomato and Chinese cabbage was occurred in the order of pF 1.8>pF 2.2>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7 respectively in aspect of irrigation point and of silty clay>sandy loam>sandy soil in aspect of soil texture. 5. 1/10 probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period of tomato were shown as 327.3 mm and 0.92 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 261.0 mm and 1.12 respectively. 6. The time that maximum evapotranspiration of tomato can be occurred is at the date of fortieth to fiftieth after transplanting and the time for Chinese cabbage is presumed to he in the late of septemben At that time, 1/10 probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for tomato is presumed to be 74.8 mm and 1.10 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 43.8 mm and 1.00. 7. In aspect of only irrigaton point, the weight of raw tomato and Chinese cabbage were mcreased in the order of pF 2.2>pF 1.8>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7, respectively but optimum irrigation point for tomato and Chinese cabbage, is presumed to be pF 2.6 - 2.7 if nonsignificance of the yield between the different irrigation treatments, economy of water, and reduction in labour of irrigaion are synthetically considered. 8. The soil moisture extraction patterns of tomato and Chinese cabbage have shown that maximum extraction rate exists at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth m any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates of 21 cm deep layer and 35 cm deep layer have shown tendency to be more increased in silty clay than in any other soils. 9. As optimum irrigation point is presumed to be pF Z6-2.7, total readily available moisture of tomato in silty clay, sandy loam and sandy sofl becomes to be 19.06 mm, 21.37 mm and 20.91 mm respectively while that of Chinese cabbage, 18.51 mm, 20.27 mm, 21.11 mm respectively. 10. On the basis of optimum irrigation point with pF 2.6 - 2.7 the intervals of irrigation date of tomato and Chinese cabbage at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use become to be three days and five days respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1680-1685
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• 2002

Reproductive data collected from more than 20,000 Japanese Black cows of Hyogo and Shimane Prefectures were analyzed. Averages of age at first calving, gestation length, days open and calving interval were 25.1 mo, 289 d, 112 d and 401 d, respectively. Variance components were obtained by REML procedure and the heritability estimate of age at first calving was 0.22. In gestation length the heritability estimate was 0.40 and no permanent environmental effect was estimated. Estimated variance components of calving interval were similar to those of days open and the heritability and repeatability of calving interval were 0.05 and 0.09, respectively. Random farm effects accounted for approximately 10% of phenotypic variations in all traits. Genetic and farm correlations between age at first calving and calving interval were 0.27 and 0.39, respectively. It was found that temporary environment was an important source of variation for calving intervals of Japanese Black.