• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.980-989
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• 2005

The influence of treated, extruded, partially expelled soybean meals as undegradable protein and bypass fat sources on lactation performance and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows was studied. Experiment 1: nine cows were used in a replicated 3${\times}$3 Latin square design with each period being 3 wk in duration. Cows were fed 440 g/kg forage and 560 g/kg grain diet with one of three extruded soybean meals fed at 110 g/kg of the diet. The 3 soybean meals were 1) twice-extruded soybean meal (ESM; as a control); 2) lignosulfonate-treated, twice-extruded soybean meal (LSM); and 3) calcium oxide plus lignosulfonate-treated, twice extruded soybean meal (CLSM). Experiment 2: 3 ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3${\times}$3 Latin square to study the treatment influence on ruminal fermentation characteristics. Feeding treated soybean meal to cows in LSM and CLSM treatments did not improve feed intake, milk yield, or milk composition except that cows fed the LSM and CLSM treatments produced less milk protein compared with the ESM treatment. The proportion of $C_{18:2}$ was greater in milk fat of cows fed CLSM compared with that of cows fed the ESM or LSM treatments. Ruminal pH, ammonia, and total volatile fatty acids were not affected by treatment. An increased proportion of $C_{18:2}$ in milk fat suggests that there is a potential use of calcium salts of fatty acids in protecting the lipid portion of extruded soybean meal and further research is needed to explore this potential with full-fat extruded soybeans not with extruded and partially oil expelled soybeans.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.586-595
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• 2012

While the extruded cement panel has many advantages compared to drywall, it has limited applicability in buildings due to its low fire resistance. However, an extruded panel in which the fire resistance has been dramatically enhanced through the addition of a-hemihydrate gypsum is expected to become widely applied as a partition wall or interior material for buildings. To ensure its applicability, certain safety requirements for use, such as the leaning load by residents, the impact by indoor articles, and the fire, need to be taken into consideration. The purpose of this study is to review the impact load resistance, horizontal load resistance, and fire resistance as required safety properties for the partition wall and interior materials of the extruded panel that includes a-hemihydrate gypsum. The results of this study show that the impact load resistance of the extruded panel that includes a-hemihydrate gypsum achieves SD grade for industrial buildings, and the horizontal impact load resistance achieves HD grade for public buildings. In addition, it provides fire-resistance for approximately 7 minutes longer than the existing extruded cement panel. Based on this result, it is confirmed the extruded panel incorporating a-hemihydrate gypsum has adequate safety properties for use as partition wall or interior material.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare the color and microstructure of powder, redness, brownness, and antioxidative activity in extruded ginseng, white ginseng and red ginseng extracts. The colors of extruded dry ginseng powder (moisture content 30%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$, and screw speed 200 rpm) were similar to those of red ginseng. Intact cell wall structure was examined in dried root ginseng at $70^{\circ}C$ (A), white ginseng with skin (D), white ginseng without skin (E), and red ginseng (F) under a scanning electron microscope. The cell wall was not detected in samples B and C (dry ginsengs extruded with 25% and 30% moisture contents, respectively). Intact starch granules were detected in samples A, D, and E under a scanning electron microscope. Melted starch granules were detected in samples B, C, and F. Colors (L, a, b) of 50% EtOH extracts were similar in samples C and F. Browniness and redness of extracts were high in extruded dry ginseng and red ginseng extracts. Extruded dry ginseng (B) showed higher electron donation ability and phenolic content than the other samples.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.229-234
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• 2001

The aluminum extruded sections are used to the light construction of the high speed rail vehicle structures. However, the research works on the crashworthy design of aluminum extruded sections are not published sufficiently. In this paper, the collapse characteristics of aluminum extruded sections are investigated by crush test and simulation. The scale model studies are also performed to predict the impact energy absorption characteristics of full scale model through axial crush test and simulation.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

Extruded aluminum sections are used to the light construction of the rall vehicles structures However, the research works on the crashworthy design of the extruded aluminum sections are not published sufficiently in this paper, the impact energy absorption characteristics of extruded aluminum sections are investigated by crash simulation and test The optimized energy absorbing studies are also performed based on the selected design parameter variations of the sectional shapes and the dimensional ratios.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.284-295
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• 1990

Extrusion을 달리한 밀기울과 무기태린의 첨가수준의 주요 영양소의 소화율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 증체양, 사료섭취량, 사료효율, 영양소별 소화율, 그리고 tibia의 성분량 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 1) 증체양은 무기태린의 첨가수준이 0.225％, 0.45％일 경우 Extrusion처리구보다 Non－Extrusion처리구에서 높은 경향을 보였으나, 처리간에 유의성은 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 한편 Extrusion처리에 관계없이 무기태린의 첨가로 증체량이 개선되었으며 인을 첨가한 두처리구(0.225％와 0.45％) 사이에서는 유의성을 인정할 수 없었다. 2) 사요섭취양은 무기태린의 첨가구와 무기태린에서 Non－Extrusion처리구보다 Extrusion처리구에서 높은 경향을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 3) 사료효율은 무기태린을 첨가함으로써 개선되었으나, 인을 첨가한 두 처리구(0.225％와 0.45％) 사이에서는 유의성을 인정할 수 없었다. 4) 건물 소화율은 무기태린의 첨가수준이 높을수록 개선되었으나, Extrusion핵과는 인정할 수 없었다. 5) 인을 첨가한 두 처리구(0.225％와 0.45％) 사이에서 단백질 소화율은 Non－Extrusion 보다 Extrusion처리구가 높았으나, 증체에 직접적인 영향은 없었다. 6) Tibia의 Ca과 P의 함양은 무기태린의 첨가수준에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 이러한 증가양상에서 P의 첨가수준과의 직접적인 관계는 찾아볼 수는 없었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

7.5%의 methyl acrylate가 함유된 압출 PAN(polyacrylonitrile)을 NaOH와 함께 메탄올상에서 다양한 온도와 시간으로 반응을 시켜 친수성이 부여된 압출 PAN을 제조하였다. 이 PAN들을 hydroxylamine과 함께 메탄올과 수용액 상에서 반응시켜 금속이온에 대해 최적의 흡착특성을 가지는 아미독심기를 부여하였다. 친수성이 부여된 아미독심화 압출 PA처은 친수성이 부여되지 않은 압출 PAN에 비하여 우수한 팽윤성를 보였다. 친수성이 부여된 아미독심화 압출 PAN은 $60^{\circ}C$, 6시간 동안 아미독심화 시켰을 때 가장 안정한 형태를 유지하였다. 친수성이 부여된 아미독심화 압출 PAN은 $Ni^{2+}$ 보다는 $Cu^{2+}$ 에 대해 높은 흡착능을 보였으며 또한 금속이온들에 대해 높은 선택성을 나타내었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

Growth and water quality in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica ($6.0{\pm}0.9g$) fed extruded and paste type diets were compared for 8 weeks. Fish in the duplicate tanks were fed with one of three experimental diets: two different extruded pellet diets and one paste type diet. Six FRP tanks were used with stocking density of 3.6 kg per tank (3 m3). Restricted feeds (ca. 2% of body weight) were served twice daily. Weight gains were checked at the end of every two-week interval, and water qualities in terms of NH4-N and NO2-N were determined daily one hour after feeding in the morning. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were constantly kept within the optimum range, while fifty percent of total water volume was changed daily. Eels fed the extruded pellet diets showed significantly better (P<0.05) growth performance than did eels fed the paste type diet. The amount of feed waste from the paste type diet was significantly greater than those from the extruded pellet diets (P<0.05). Ammonia (NH4-N) waste was significantly higher from the paste diet than from the extruded pellet diets (P<0.05). These results show that extruded pellet diets are better than the paste type diet for growth and water quality management in eel culture.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.344-350
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• 2022

Extruded Mg-Bi binary alloys are known to have an undesirable bimodal grain structure containing a large amount of coarse unrecrystallized grains. Accordingly, to improve the microstructural homogeneity of extruded Mg-Bi alloys, it is necessary to promote the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior during hot extrusion. An effective way to promote DRX is an increase in nucleation sites for DRX through a pre-deformation process before extrusion, such as cold pre-forging and hot pre-compression. However, the application of these pre-deformation processes increases the cost of final extruded Mg products because of an increase in energy consumption and decrease in productivity. Therefore, a low-cost new continuous process with high productivity is required to improve the microstructural homogeneity and mechanical properties of extruded Mg alloys without a drastic increase in the entire process cost. This study proposes a new extrusion method using an extrusion billet with a truncated cone shape (i.e., tapered billet) instead of a conventional extrusion billet with a cylindrical shape. When the hot extrusion of a Mg-5Bi alloy is conducted using the tapered billet, the DRX behavior during extrusion is considerably promoted. The DRX fraction and average grain size of the extruded alloy significantly increase and decrease from 65% to 91% and from 225 ㎛ to 49 ㎛, respectively. Consequently, the extruded Mg-5Bi alloy fabricated using the tapered billet has a finer homogeneous grain structure and higher tensile elongation than the extruded counterpart fabricated using the cylindrical billet.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2011

추출용매와 조작순서를 달리하여 원료인삼 및 압출성형 가공시 인삼의 사포닌 함량 및 항산화 정도의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 인삼과 압출성형한 가공 인삼의 80% 에탄올 엑기스, 에틸아세테이트 분획, 수포화 부탄올 분획, 수층 분획을 각각 얻은 후 LC/MASS를 사용하여 사포닌 함량을 조사하고 기존의 여러 가지 항산화 작용 측정 방법들의 오류를 없애고 더욱 정확한 결과를 낼 수 있는 대처 방안으로 선정된 ORAC 분석법에 의해 항산화 활성을 검토하였다. 검체 인삼 중 사포닌은 ginsenoside Rb1과 Rg1 및 Re를 주요 성분으로 다량 함유하고 있었으며, Rb2, Rc, Rd 등이 뒤를 이었고, 그밖에도 Rg3, Rh1가 미량 분포하고 있었다. 압출 성형 인삼의 경우 원료 인삼에 비해 전반적으로 사포닌 함량이 높았으며, 주로 ginsenoside Re와 Rb1 및 Re가 많았고, 그밖에 Rc, Rb2, Rg1, Rh, Rd 등이었으며, 특히 원료인삼에서 미량 존재하던 Rh1과 Rg3가 많이 증가함을 보였다. 이러한 현상은 압출인삼의 에틸아세테이트층과 부탄올층에서도 같은 경향을 보였다. 원료 인삼의 에틸아세테이트층에서는 Rg1 함량이 높았고, 압출인삼에서는 Rh1과 Rg3가 많이 용출되었으며, Rg1, Re, Rb1 등이 용출되었다. ORAC 분석법에 의한 항산화 활성 연구에서 원료인삼 중의 여러 생리활성 성분이 많이 함유되어 있는 80% 에탄올 추출 분획과 일반적으로 극성의 사포닌 성분을 많이 함유한 수포화 부탄올층의 항산화 활성은 에틸아세테이트층과 수층에 비해 높았으나, 압출성형과정을 거치더라도 유의성 있는 증가는 없었다. 그러나 압출성형과정을 거친 압출 인삼의 에틸아세테이트층과 수층 분획이 대조 원료인삼의 각각의 분획들에 비해 모두 유의성($p$ >0.05)있는 증가를 보였다. 또한 원료인삼과 압출 인삼의 80% 에탄올 추출 엑기스, 에틸 아세테이트 분획, 수포화 부탄올 분획, 수층 분획 모두에서 일정 수준의 항산화 활성을 나태내고 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 인삼사포닌을 거의 함유하지 않은 원료인삼과 압출 인삼의 수층에서도 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 이는 인삼 중 항산화 활성은 에틸아세테이트 층으로 이행되는 폴리페놀 계통 성분 및 일부 비극성의 사포닌에 의한 것으로 추측되고 있으나, 모든 분획에서 나타난 것으로 보아 이들 외에 산성 다당체, 당단백질, 수용성 다당류, 말톨 등 다른 생리 활성 물질에 대한 연구가 요구된다.