• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.710-716
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• 1998

It is one of difficulties to control children who show definitely negative behavior in dental clinic. In such a case, the pharmacologic management has been used to provide quality care, minimize the extremes of disruptive behavior, promote a positive psychologic response to treatment and patient welfare and safety. Deep sedation can be defined as a controlled, pharmacologically-induced state of depressed consciousness from which the patient is not easily aroused which may be accompanied by a partial loss of protective reflexes. In this retrospective report, the sedation records of 200 pediatric dental patients of ASA Class I & II who were not successfully treated under conscious sedation were used for analysis. Most frequently used regimen of deep sedation was the co-medication of midazolam(0.3mg/kg), enflurane(1.0-2.0 vol%) and 50-70% $N_2O_2$. The average age and weight of the patients was 4.6 yr (S.D: 2.72) and 18.7kg(S.D: 6.35) respectively. The average operative time was 52 minutes and midazolam (0.1-0.2cc) was additionally administered intranasally to prolong the operative time as needed. The episodes of untoward side effects were reported during and/or after the procedure in 58 patients. Serious adverse reactions such as cyanosis or laryngospasm were even reported in 7 patients but without mortality. Deep sedation is a very effective way of completing the dental treatments for those who failed to respond well to the conscious sedation. This technique has many practical advantages over general anesthesia case but the demands for the rigid monitoring criteria limit its use in general practice setting. The continuous efforts to improve the safety of the medication and the technique are required for the benefits of the patients and parent.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

This study aims to examine attributes of fandom related to storytelling of media conversion in terms of division of obsession and hysteria from the psychoanalysis. Fandom of crossmedia storytelling represented by adaptation of the original is the subject who experienced a great satisfaction from the original and also the obsessive subject who does not accept easily story transformation by adaptation. Besides, fandom of transmedia storytelling is the hysterical subject who recognizes lack of the storyworld and enjoys such a lack. The original fandom of crossmedia enjoys phallic order in the authority of an original author and the original storyworld, and fandom of transmedia experiences continual and infinite 'other enjoyment' through active and direct experience beyond the linguistic order. This study is a theoretical argument to identify characteristics of fandom shown from both extremes of media conversion through comparison of obsession and hysteria. It is expected to prepare a foundation for understanding fandom of media conversion through complementing qualitative analysis on the real fandom in the follow-up research.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 1979

The author compared patients showing two extremes of incisor vertical relationship to find out differences in craniofacial morphology which might influence face height and incisor overbite. The subjects consisted of 53 open-bite cases and the same number of deep-bite cases. The results were as follows: 1. On the average, the lower face height was significantly greater in open-bite cases than in deep-bite cases. 2. In open-bite cases, gonin-menton length was significantly greater than in deep-bite cases. In deep-bite cases, anterior cranial base length and posterior cranial base length were significantly greater in open-bite cases. 3. The jaw angle was significantly greater in open-bite cases. 4. The gonion-menton-nasion angle was significantly greater in deep-bite cases. 5. From geometric standpoint, the increase of jaw and joint angle would increase lower face height, but these two showed negative correlation. 6. The sizes of the jaw and joint angle might be factors of open-bite or deep-bite, but these were not the only variables that determined lower face height. 7. In open-bite cases, there was a closer correlationship between lower face height and the other linear measurments than in deep-bite cases. In deep-bite cases, there was a closer correlationship between lower face height and the other angular measurements than in open-bite cases. 8. Considering both linear and angular measurements of facial polygon, all contributed significantly to the lower face height. The nonsignificant variables were jaw and joint angle in open-bite cases, and anterior cranial base length, jaw angle, and joint angle in deep-bite cases.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.65-79
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• 1997

This research is intended for 418 elderly women who reside in Seoul and the National Capital region. the survey and analysis are on the practical behavior related to purchasing decision making of brassieres for elderly women. The purpose of the survey and analysis is to induce contented and rational purchase activity for elderly women; also, to supply the fundamental sources which can support accomplishing scientific and systematic marketing activity to foundation manufacturing business. The main results of this study are as follows; 1. The elderly women tend to decide on purchase of the brassiere subjectively alone than rely on the informants and to listen to sales women's advice more. The younger, more educated and higher income of family, the elderly women tend more to depend on their own subjective sense than others' recommendations and rely on such mass media as TV and magazines for information source. 2) The elderly women tend to purchase their brassieres personally. In particular, the younger, more educated and higher income they tend more to choose their brassieres alone rather than with others. 3) The companions for elderly women's purchase were their daughter, daughter-in-law and friends. The younger, more educated and higher income, they tend more to accompany friends. The older, less educated and lower income, they tend more to be accompanied by their daughter or daughter-in-lay. 4) The elderly women are aware of the trademarks for brassieres. Although most of them know about their brassiere size, the majority of them tend to purchase their brassieres without trying on them. the older, less educated and lower income, they are less aware of trademarks and their brassiere size, and thus are less influential in their purchasing decision making. 5) The places of purchasing on which elderly women rely most for their brassiere are department stores, agent and markets. Other places are private haberdashery's, discount and pension shop. The department stores are most used by the less younger, more educated and higher income, while the markets are most often visited by those older, less educated and lower income, while the markets are most often visited by those older, less educated and lower income. The agent are favored by the medium class old people between two extremes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2011

This research explores the idea of digilog for fashion; it would help to conclude the uncertain mixed-phenomena and words as a neologism and find a fundamental concept that would be a reference for a lot of uncertain new words that have been occurring even this year. Furthermore, this research is aimed at analyzing how digilog has been reflected on the contemporary fashion and directing the ways towards the future of fashion. The digilog fashion design is the expression of a combination of opposite extremes, that is to say the combination of a paradoxical mix and directly-opposed elements. The outward expression of fashion design with digilog can be classified into several ways. First of all, it tends to use the elements of paradoxical expression; for example, applying high-technology to express a primitive and natural material. The analog expresses unprocessed. Secondly, using high-tech machine to express the texture of handicraft or rough embroidery. Lastly, digital printing(DTP) is applied to enlarge the several or the whole parts of a natural object or sensitivity. As a result of the analysis, the inside view of the contemporary fashion with digilog delineate followings; it is the attitude that claims to go back to the past and accepts the combination of nature and high-technology to get calmness in the rapidly changing modern world. And it is the will to fly from the utterly exhausted reality through the recurrence of the past when there used to be a lot of energies and used to live in affluence.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1B
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

The spatio-temporal pattern in precipitation is a significant element in defining characteristics of precipitation. In this study, a new scheme on regionalization utilizing temporal information was introduced on the basis of existing approaches that is mainly based on simple moments of data and geographical information. Given the identified spatio-temporal pattern, this study was extended to characterize regional pattern of annual maximum rainfall over Korea. We have used circular statistics to characterize the temporal distribution on the precipitation, and the circular statistics allow us to effectively assess changes in timing of the extreme rainfall in detail. In this study, a modified K-means method was incorporated with derived temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall in order to better characterize hydrologic pattern for regional frequency analysis. The extreme rainfall was reasonably separated into five categories that considered most attributes in both quantitative and temporal changes in extremes. The results showed that the proposed approach is a promising approach for regionalization in term of physical understanding of extreme rainfall.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 2014

Halophytes are plants of saline habitats that grow under conditions that may vary in extremes of temperatures (freezing to very hot), water availability (drought to water logging) and salinity (mild to almost saturation). Halophytes may also face sudden micro-environmental variations within their habitats. In this study, we examine some of the factors that determine the ability of seeds of Artemisia fukudo to germinate when conditions are optimal for seedling growth and survival. Germination percentage was the highest at 77.5% when treated in 0% seawater and seedling growth was best in 0% seawater plug cell tray. Physiological quality (chlorophyll contents) and mean germination time were best in the condition in which seeds were treated with 0% seawater (control). Germination performance index in the control group showed the highest value to 3.8. Seedling growth, seedling vigor index in the length of seedling growth andthe relative growth rate were the highest values of 0.76 cm, 1.43, 0.0099, respectively.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 1986

This study was designed to make a comparative analysis of fertility control policies in developing countries selected from Asia and Latin America. Considering the size and the density of population, the history of the fertility control policy, and the availability of references, eight countries were chosen among Asian developing countries that have adopted the fertility control as an official policy. All of nine countries in Latin America that have adopted family planning as an official policy were included in this study. An attempt was made to formulate an analytical framework to be used for a comparative analysis of fertility control policies. It can be represented by a continuum which consists of individual approaches and structural approaches to fertility control at both extremes. It represents fairly well the controversies between those who advocate family planning and those who advocate measures beyond family planning, but assumes that the two sides of the controversy form a continuum of approaches to fertility control. Various fertility control policies of each country were placed along this continuum and analyzed. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: (a) Those countries that have higher population pressure in terms of either the size of population or the population density tend to adopt fertility control policies earlier in time. (b) Those countries that have higher population pressure in terms of either the size of population or the population density tend to adopt more comprehensive measures along the continuum of fertility control policies. (c) Those countries that adopted more comprehensive measures along the continuum seem to have succeeded in reducing their level of fertility more effectively. (d) Developing countries in Asia tend to adopt more comprehensive measures to control fertility than those in Latin American countries. (e) The reduction of fertility in developing countries seems to be associated with both the fertility control policies and the level of socioeconomic development.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2002

호우는 우리나라에 매년 약 60여명의 인명과 6,000억원에 달하는 재산 손실을 가져오는 가장 파괴적인 자연 재해이다. 그러므로, 강수 행태의 변화, 특히 호우 빈도와 규모의 변화를 이해하는 것은 악기상과 관련된 재해를 최소화하는데 필요한 환경영향평가에 필수적이다. 최근 기후변화의 징후로써 뿐만 아니라 사회에 미치는 영향 때문에 강수 극값에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 기후변화가 사회에 영향을 미치게 될 규모는 기후변동성의 변화, 특히 기후극값의 강도와 빈도에 의해서 결정 될 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 한반도 남부지방의 장기간의 강수강도와 극값의 변화 경향을 파악하는 것이다. 장기간의 일 강수 자료(1920-1999)를 보유하고 있는 대구, 전주, 부산, 목포의 자료를 산술 평균하여 남부지방의 지역 일 강수 계열을 구축하였다. 남부지방의 연강수일수는 뚜렷한 감소현상이 나타나는 반면 연강수량은 약한 증가현상을 보인다. 이로 인해서 강수일수당 강수량을 보여주는 강수강도는 뚜렷하게 증가하고 있다. 이 모든 경향은 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 변화이다. 계절별로는 여름의 강수량 증가와 가을의 강수일 수 감소가 가장 뚜렷하다. 또한 강수극값의 규모를 나타내는 90번째, 95번째, 99번째 백분위수의 값도 증가하는 경향을 보여주고 있다. 호우 사상의 발생빈도와 그에 의한 강수량은 증가하는 반면, 비호우 사상의 발생빈도는 감소하고, 그에 의한 강수량에는 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 남부지방에 나타난 강수일수의 감소는 비호우 사상의 감소에 의한 것이었고, 강수량의 증가는 호우 사상의 발생빈도와 그에 의한 강수량 증가에 의한 것 임을 알 수 있다. 위의 결과는 한반도에서도 기후변화에 의한 수문순환의 강화를 나타나고 있음을 보여주는 것으로, 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 적절한 지역영향평가를 위해서는 강수 극값에 대한 보다 상세한 분석이 필요함을 제안하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.947-958
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• 2014

Understanding extreme precipitation events is very important for flood planning purposes. Especially, the r-year return level is a common measure of extreme events. In this paper, we present a spatial analysis of precipitation return level using hierarchical Bayesian modeling. For intensity, we model annual maximum daily precipitations and daily precipitation above a high threshold at 62 stations in Korea with generalized extreme value(GEV) and generalized Pareto distribution(GPD), respectively. The spatial dependence among return levels is incorporated to the model through a latent Gaussian process of the GEV and GPD model parameters. We apply the proposed model to precipitation data collected at 62 stations in Korea from 1973 to 2011.