• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2003

Optimum transplanting time for extremely early rice cultivation as an after-crop of fruit and vegetables under greenhouse conditions in the southern area was determined. Rice was transplanted on March 10, March 20, March 30, April 10 and April 20 far three years from 1998 to 2000. Meteorological computations for rice production were high for heading between early May and early July, but they were too low for heading between late July and early August. Especially the expected yield predicted with 35,000 spikelets, the average spikelets per $m^2$ for extremely early transplanting. Computation for heading between late July and early August was low by 106 kg/10a compared with that yield at heading during the same period in the field. As the transplanting date in extremely early rice cultivation was earlier) rice growth at early stages was more retarded by low temperature. Rice growth at heading stage recovered with high temperature, showing less difference for the transplanting date. Abnormal tillers occurred by 15.5∼22.2%. The contribution of 1,000 grain weight${\times}$ripened grain ratio to yield of the extremely early rice cultivation in the greenhouse was 50.6%, indicating 16% hi일or than the degree of panicle per $m^2$ on yield. The estimated optimum transplanting time on the basis of yield for the extremely early greenhouse rice cultivation ranged from March 19 to April 28, and the estimated critical transplanting date on the basis of accumulated effective temperature was March 12. Rice reduced the amount of NO$_3$-N by 97.1% and EC by 90.5% in greenhouse soil with continuous fruit/vegetables fer more than a 10-year period, and completely removed the root-knot nematodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2022

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2022

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2010

Recently, peoples are greatly concerned with global temperature change because global warming can be a potential serious effect on agriculture production such as yield reduction and poor grain quality. On the other hand, it can bring some beneficial effects through twice cultivation of rice in temperate region. In order to overcome this situation, we developed extremely early-maturing rice 'Milyang255' which heading date was similar with 'Jinbuolbyeo'. Based on agronomic characteristics of 'Milyang255', it has very short stature as 65 cm of culm length and slightly lower spikelets number per panicle compared with that of 'Jinbuolbyeo'. However, the grain appearance, palatability and other items were better than those of 'Jinbuolbyeo' in panel test of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of 'Milyang255' is 3.94 MT/ha at the early transplanting. Especially, its grain filling rate was higher and faster than Jinbuolbyeo and the head rice ratio in milled rice was also higher. Thus, 'Milyang255' can efficiently reduce the growth duration of rice cultivation and also be useful material for research on twice cultivation of rice in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the productivity of rice cultivation in extremely late season in Korea and to confirm the effects of pot-raising seedling culture in this case by assessing the growth and yield performance of rice cultivars that are well adapted to late culture. Suitable cultivars for extremely late culture should not have premature heading habit when transplanted around late July and also secure appropriate growth duration before heading. Geumobyeo 1 and Manjongbyeo showed small decrease in the emerged leaves in transplanting in late July or early August and heading occurred at the same time relatively without premature heading. At transplanting from late July to early August in extremely late rice cultivation, ripening was relatively good until transplanting on August 5. At transplanting on July 30, accumulated temperature from heading to the first frost was $853^{\circ}C$ and ripening was good enough. However, heading was delayed by low temperature at transplanting on August 10 and ripening was very poor due to low accumulated temperature of below $800^{\circ}C$, causing drastic decrease of rice yield. The rice yield increased in transplanting with pot seedling, especially the effects of pot seedling was higher in Geumobyeo 1, but panicle number was not enough to secure rice yield owing to short growth duration. In order to cultivate rice in extremely late season, we should select adaptive rice cultivars that have suitable growth duration and excellent ripening in low temperature. Here, pot-seedling did a great role to secure early growth and bigger growth amounts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2022

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.520-530
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of rice double cropping in Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of rice cultivars transplanted at the extremely-early date. When the transplanted rice seedling was exposed to low temperature below 0℃, the survival rate decreased drastically. However, short exposure to below 0℃ one or two times did not damage transplanted rice seedling so severely. Thus, the earliest transplanting in spring would be possible when minimum temperature rises above 0℃. Compared with the conventional seedling nursery tray (CSNT), seedling rearing with the potted nursery tray was more effective for increasing leaf age and seedling dry weight during nursery period. In the first rice cropping, rice cultivation with seedlings reared in PSNT showed shorter growth duration and cumulative temperature from transplanting to heading than that with seedlings reared in CSNT. The earliest heading date on July 4 in Jinbuolbyeo was earlier by two to three days than that of Dunaebyeo. If rice has not exposed to cold damage, the earliest heading date of Jinbujolbyeo can advance to June 30 or July 1. In this case, rice harvest would be possible on August 5, enabling the rice transplanting of the second rice cropping before August 10. At transplanting time with low temperature damage rice yield were less than 400 kg/10a while rice yield exceeded 400 kg/10a at transplanting time without low temperature damage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.104-115
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• 1992

The rice culture techniques included 'Jodosukyungbeob'(旱稻水耕法 : culture techniques of early-ripening paddy rice), 'Mandosukyungbeob' (晩稻水耕法) : culture techniques of late-Ripening paddy rice 'Handobeob'(旱稻＆lt;山稻＆gt;法 : culture techniques of upland rice), 'Myojongbeob'(苗種法 : culture techniques of paddy rice by transplanting), 'Kunangbeob'(乾秧法 : culture techniques of rice by transplanting which rears seeding in dry paddy) and 'Sudogunpanongbeob'(水稻乾播農法 : culture techniques of paddy rice seeding in dry field). Especially, 'Kunangbeob' and 'Sudogunpanongbeob' were originally developed in Korea as seen in 1600s(Kyoungje : 經濟) and early 1800s (Yoji : 要旨). In 'Jodosukyungbeob' it took 9 days for seed dipping, water-sprouting and prevent damage by birds, each for 3 days in China, but in Korea seed dipping in water took 3 days and the rest of the procedures were flexibly established. In matured soils, practices were fall plowing right after harvest, recognition of effective tillering and additional fertilization use of human manure, and stimulation of sprouting by lime application. The unique culture techniques adequate for Korean situations were practiced, which included weed control after draining accurately for 3 to 4 times, draining at mid season for improving wind and drought tolerance, rice harvesting at appropriate time for preventing grain shattering, and seeding in rows. 'Mandosukyungbeob' was improved techniques contrast to those of China, and the major contents were selection of proper varieties, good stand establishment by seeding high rates, induction of vigorous tillers, and adoption of 'Jokjongbeob'(足種法 : seeding method by foot). Also, one of the most prominent rice cultures by our ancestors was 'Kunpanongbeob' that was systemized form habitual practice of Pyongan Province. The unique technique actualized was 'Hando [旱稻(山稻)]' culture technique which was the combinations of 'Jokjongbeob', root stimulation method, and disaster-tolerant mixture cropping with adoptation of variety theory, although it was originated from China. The transplanting techniques has come before 'Jikseol'($\ulcorner$直說$\lrcorner$) and its merits were sufficiently realized. However, this method was basically prohibited from the early Chosun dynasty because extremely bad harvest was expected under drought conditions and insufficient conditions of water storage. But, it was permitted in the areas that contained water all the times and in case of large-scale farming especially. Most of rice culture was transplanted in the end of the Chosun dynasty because transplanting was continuously spreaded in the three southern provinces of Korea. Under these circumstances, transplanting technique was improved from the early to the end of the Chosun dynasty by weed control, fertilizing, water management, and quadratic transplanting. Based on these techniques, agricultural productivity was improved 5 times by that time. 'Kunpanongbeob' was created and developed properly for Korean conditions that is dry in early season and flooding in late season. This was successively developed and established into transplanting technique of nursery seedling.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.153-158
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• 1982

The study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the diseases epidemics of vegetable crops grown in Namji, Jinju, Gimhae and Suncheon under the extremely varied and specified conditions, plastic film house. The disease survey was conducted from the end of April, 1951 to April 1982. Leaf mold and late blight were serious foliar disease in tomato during the seedling stage, especially when the infected seeds were sown. The diseases increased rapidly 35 days after seeding. In both continuous cultivation of cucumber and rotation with upland crops, incidence of Fusarium wilt was severe while incidence of the disease was negligible in cultivations after paddy rice or grafting on pumpkin. Downy mildew of cucumber was severe in Jinju and Suncheon area, however, it was not so serious in Namji area where the growing season of cucumber was unfavorable for the maximum disease incidence. Cucumber mosaic virus disease was prevalent in the areas surveyed and the disease incidence was increased rapidly after June. Powdery mildew prevailed at the early stage of cucumber growth after transplanting in Namji area. Root rot and wilting caused by Phytophthora capsici was as the most destructive disease in pepper grown under the vinyl house, especially in Namji and Jinju area where the pepper has been cultivated intensively. The Phytophthora attacked most parts of young plants during the winter time and then induced crown rot on the adults plants. Cultivation of pepper in vinyl house was almost impossible because of the Phytophora disease by the end of June. Virus diseases to tomato plants were prevalent throughout the surveyed area and the damage was also severe. In Jinju and Gimhae area leaf mold and late blight showed high infection rate in tomato during the harvest time.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 2009

A new rice cultivar "Keumo 3" was developed for adopting under double cropping system with after or before cash crop cultivation. It was selected from the cross-combination between YR17202 $F_2$/Shinkeumobyeo//YR15727-B-B-B-102. The parent, YR17202 $F_2$ individual plant, was used for tolerance to lodging, it derived from a cross between Nonganbyeo/Shinkeumobyeo. Nonganbyeo is well known to lodging tolerance cultivar, as well as biotic stress, because it was developed by crossing with Tongil type. And the YR15727-B-B-B-102 line used as another parent with short growth duration, likewise highly resistance to rice blast disease. The pedigree derived from the cross-combination YR17202 $F_2$/Shinkeumobyeo//YR15727-B-B-B-102 were generated to $F_7$, and a best line among them named as Milyang 201. After a series of yield trials, including local adaptability test conducted throughout the peninsular of Korea, Milyang 201 was registered with the name of "Keumo 3" in 2005. The cultivar belongs to a early maturing group and heads 4 days earlier than Keumobyeo, a standard cultivar. It has short culm, and less spikelet number per panicle than Keumobyeo. However, its milled rice yield grown under extremely late transplanting time, 10. July, over the 3 local sites for 2003-2005 years, averaged 4,48 MT/ha, which is 6% higher than the standard, Keumobyeo. "Keumo 3" has showed a durable resistance to leaf blast disease during fourteen blast nurseries screening covered from south to north in Korea for 2003-2007 years. And it was confirmed harbours pi-zt, a durable blast resistance gene. Moreover it was incompatible with 19 blast isolates under artificial inoculation, except one isolate, K1101. Additionally, "Keumo 3" exhibits resistance to $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ of bacterial blight pathogen, as well as strip virus disease resistance, and moderate resistance to dwarf virus disease. Consequently, the new rice cultivar "Keumo 3" would be well adopted where a bio stress makes a big problem annually.