• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1982

지리산산(智異山産) 굴참나무재(材)와 졸참나무재(材)에 대하여 그 화학적(化學的) 조성분(組成分)을 심재(心材), 변재별(邊材別)로 분석(分析) 조사(調査)하여 본 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하연 다음과 같다. 굴참나무재(材)에 있어서는 변재회분함량(邊材灰分含量) 0.57%, 심재(心材) 1.00%였고 냉수추출물(冷水抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 5.74%, 심재(心材) 4.77%였으며 열수추출물(熱水抽出物)에 있어서는 변재(邊材) 6.33%, 심재(心材) 6.33%였고 하성(荷性)soda 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 15.52%, 심재(心材) 15.63%였다. Alcohol-benzol 추출물(抽出物)은 변재부(邊材部) 4.89%, 심재부(心材部) 2.96%였고 Holocellulose 함량(含量)에 있어서는 변재(邊材) 73.19%, 심재(心材) 78.83%였고 Lignin은 변재(邊材) 21.76%, 심재(心材) 18.14%였고 Pentosan 함량(含量)은 변재(邊材) 15.92%, 심재(心材) 26.50%였다. 졸참나무재(材) 분석결과(分析結果)를 보면 회분함량(灰分含量)은 변재(邊材), 심재(心材) 각각(各各) 0.26%, 0.27%이고 냉수(冷水) 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 2.81%, 심재(心材) 2.04%였으며 열수(熱水) 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 5.32%, 심재(心材) 7.08%였고 하성(荷性)soda 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 15.73%, 심재(心材) 16.55%였으며 Alcohol-benzol 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 3.93%, 심재(心材) 3.51%로 나타났다. Holocellulose 함량(含量)은 변재(邊材), 심재(心材) 각각(各各) 74.21%, 74.84%였고 Lignin은 변재(邊材) 14.11%, 심재(心材) 19.19%였으며 Pentosan은 변재(邊材) 20.7.5%, 심재(心材) 21.44%의 함량치(含量値)를 보였다. 전체적(全體的)으로 보면 굴참나무재(材)는 변재(邊材), 심재간(心材間)에 회분(灰分), Holocellulose, Lignin, Pentosan함량(含量)에서 특징적(特徵的)인 차이(差異)를 보였으나 졸참나무재(材)는 Lignin함량(含量)에서 다소간(多少間)의 차이(差異)가 인정(認定)될 뿐 그 이외(以外)에 변심재간(邊心材間)에 특수(特殊)한 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2006

The heartwood of cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) is known to have a high degree of decay resistance by virtue of its high extractive content. After 30 years in ground contact an utility pole of this tropical hardwood was found to be degraded only in the surface layers by cavity-forming soft rot fungi. The present work was undertaken 1) to characterize the degradation of cengal heartwood from the aspect of ultrastructure and chemistry and 2) to investigate the correlation between soft rot decay and its extractive microdistribution in wood tissues. The chemical analysis of cengal heartwood revealed the presence of a high amount of extractives as well as lignin. The wood contained a relatively high amount of condensed lignin and the guaiacyl units. Microscopic observations revealed that vessels, fibers and parenchyma cells (both ray and axial parenchyma) all contained extractives in their lumina, but in variable amounts. The lumina of fibers and most axial parenchyma were completely or almost completely filled with the extractives. TEM micrographs showed that cell walls were also impregnated with extractives and that pit membranes connecting parenchyma cells were well coated and impregnated with extractives. However, fungal hyphae were present in the extractive masses localized in cell lumina, and indications were that the extractives did not completely inhibit fungal growth. The extent of cell wall degradation varied with tissue types. The fibers appeared to be more susceptible to decay than vessels and parenchyma. Middle lamella was the only cell wall region which remained intact in all cell types which were severely degraded. The microscopic observations suggested a close correlation between extractive microdistribution and the pattern and extent of cell wall degradation. In addition to the toxicity to fungi, the physical constraint of the extractive material present in cengal heartwood cells is likely to have a profound effect on the growth and path of invasion of colonizing fungi, thus conferring protection to wood by restricting fungal entry into cell walls. The presence of relatively high amount of condensed lignin is also likely to be a factor in the resistance of cengal heartwood to soft rot decay.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 1995

현사시나무의 목질부와 수피부를 아세톤-물(1:1)의 혼합용액으로 추출하고 Sephadex LH-20로 충진한 칼럼을 사용하여 4개의 후라보노이드, 즉 (+)-catechin, (+)-dihydroquercetin, eriodictyol 및 (+)-dihydrokaempferol을 단리하고 $^{13}C$-NMR과 $^1H$-NMR 스펙트럼을 이용하여 그 구조를 규명하였다. 단리된 화합물의 A-환은 모두 후로로그루시놀형으로, B-환은 카테콜형 또는 페놀형으로 구성되어 있으며 (+)-dihydroquercetin, (+)-dihydrokaempferol과 eriodictyol은 포플라속의 수종에서는 처음으로 단리 되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Indigo (Polygonum tinctorium L.) is a typical blue dye which had been used from ancient times. This study was going to shade the complicated traditional methods extracting indigo dye by the fermentation and producing as adsorbate on calcium hydroxide, which says so called as the 'Indigo lime'. Accordingly we were going to make indigo through the hydrolysis of the hot water extractives of indigo leaves simply. During hot-water extraction, ${\beta}$-glucosidase which required hydrolysis of the linkage between indigo and glucose was not activated. To achieve this goal, indican was acid-hydrolyzed to glucose and indigo. The acetic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid were used for the hydrolysis of hot water extractives. The hydrolysis conditions of extractives performed in water bath at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes and in an autoclave for 120 minutes. In the acid hydrolysis of extracted indican by hot water, the indican yields of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis were higher than sulfuric acid in water bath. Also, the indican yield of hydrochloric acid hydrolysis was better than sulfuric acid in autoclave. The hot water extracted indican was confirmed by HPLC analysis and its structure was confirmed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, compared with isolated indigo and commercial synthesized indigo. This improved extraction and hydrolysis methods can be replace the traditional indigo making method.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1994

Some seeds of the Rutaceae family, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Z. schinifolium officinalis, Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus unshin, were investigated to clarify their antioxidative components. Finely powdered samples were extracted by hexane, followed by dichioromethane and then 70% methanol in a hot bath. Its unsaponifiables containing X-and Y-tocopherol with trace amount of ${\beta}-and$\;{\delta}-tocopherol$. also showed comparatively weak activity, although the hexane fraction itself had no significant antioxidative effect on lard. Levels of total tocopherols in the samples averages 42. 24-154. 11 mg/lOOg total extractives. The dichloromethane-and 70% methanol extractives showed strong antioxidative activity, from which antioxidative substances were purified with benzene-acetone(6:5, V/V) on a silica gel column, and with a solvent mixture of acetonitrile-methanol-$H_2O$(40:40:20, V/V/V) on a Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ hydrolyzed by 5% KOH-ethanol. The recovered unsaponifiables were, then, separated on a column of high performance liquid chromatography. The unsaponifiables produced by hydrolysis of the isolates from dichloromethane extractives has epi-catechin(40.0-57.1%) and (+)-catechin<$l9.1{\sim}24.4%$ to total phenolic substances, on area base) as major component, accompanied by chlorogenic acid, gallic acid(?), trans-p-coumaric acid and tralls-p-ferulic acid including some unknown components, and those derived from 70% methanol extractives also comprise (+)-catechin($31.3{\sim}39.6%$ to total components, on area base), epi-catechin($2O.2{\sim}36.4%$), trans-p-cournaric acid(8.4-15.3%) and trans-p-ferulic acid($7.7{\sim}14.1%$) as predominant component with some minor coponents, but the fraction supposed to be gallic acid(?) is not present. The antioxidative activities of the phenolic components isolated in this work were in order of epi-catechin>catechin>chlorogenic acid>trans-p-ferluic acid>trans-p-coumaric acid.

• 임산에너지
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• 24권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2005

삼지구엽초의 각 부분(잎, 줄기, 뿌리)을 MeOH로 추출한 후 농축하고 핵산, 클로로포름, 부탄올, 에틸아세테이트 및 수용성으로 분획하여 동결건조하였다. 각 추출물은 메탄을 수용액 및 에탄올-핵산 혼합액을 사용하여 Sephadex LH-20 칼럼크로마토그래피로 화합물을 분리 한 후 TBA 및 6% 초산에 전개하는 셀룰로오스 박층 크로마토그래피로 단리물질을 확인하였다. 단리물질의 화학적 구조는 $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ 및 질량 분석으로 결정하였으며 단일화합물로 정제된 물질은 caffeic acid를 비롯하여 flavonoid와 그 배당체 화합물인 icariin, caffeic acid, hyperoside, Ikarisoside A, (+)-catechin이었다. 또한, 각 부분의 클로로포름 분획을 GC/MS (Libraries search)를 이용하여 정성분석을 실시하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

Extractives of garlic (Allium scorodorpasum) and green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were used to prevent and exterminate rice weevils which contaminate stored rice. The extractives exhibited great efficacy against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum by annihilating all the weevils contained in a bottle. Furthermore, kraft paper coated by 5% extractives also displayed good effectiveness against the rice weevils. When rice weevils were stored with rice in a sack made of extractives-coated kraft paper, the number of living insects was sharply decreased according to elapsed time. In particular, 1,4-benzoquinone, which is very harmful to human, was detected from rice contaminated by Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum through the analysis of GC/MS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

느릅나무 근피와 점액질의 화학 조성을 분석하였고, 근피의 MeOH추출물을 각종 유기용제 및 수층으로 분획하고 각 분획물의 항균성을 조사하였다. 원소조성은 수종간의 차이는 없었지만, 목부의 질소 및 리그닌 함량은 사부보다 높았으며 회분 및 추출물양은 목부보다 사부가 높게 나타났다. 근피의 점액질은 냉수에 의해 매우 느리게 용출 되었으며, 높은 산성당 함량을 갖는 pectin 유사 물질이었다. 느릅나무 근피로부터 약 7% 정도의 메탄올 추출물이 얻어졌고 이 중 78%가 수용성 물질이었으며 Staphylococcus aureus와 Salmonella typhimurium에 대하여 항균성을 나타내었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.706-710
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• 2010

Understanding of chemical composition and energy contents in tree is important to develope strategies of renewable energy policy to cope with climate change. Residual biomass as renewable energy source was evaluated and focused on the bark-containing branches. Chemical analysis studies were conducted for different part of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), which were partitioned to inner bark, outer bark, small branches, medium branches, big branches and trunk. The variations in hydrophobic extractives, hydrophilic extractives, lignin, carbohydrate compositions, energy contents (higher heating value) and the ash content were determined. The inner and outer bark had higher ash content, hydrophobic and hydrophilic extractives content, and higher energy content than those of tree trunk. Polysaccharides content in inner and outer bark was quite lower than those of stem or branches. Based on the energy content of residual biomass, replacement of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emission abatement were calculated.

• 임산에너지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2001

국내에 자생하는 몰푸레, 쇠몰푸레 그리고 들메나무의 수피를 채취하여 아세톤-물(7:3, v/v)로 추출한 후 동결건조시켜서 분말로 제조하였고 Sephadex LH-20 및 TSK 40F로 충진한 칼럼 상에서 메탄올, 에탄올 그리고 에탄올-헥산 혼합액을 용이용매로 상요하여 칼럼크로마토그래키를 실시하였다. 단리된 화합물들은 TLC로 확인한 후 NMR스펙트럼을 상용하여 정확한 구조규명을 하였고 FAB-MS로써 분자량을 측정하였다. 쿠마린 유도체들이 다량으로 포함되어 있었으며 소량의 ester형태의 화합물들도 단리 되었다. 물푸레와 쇠물푸레에서는 aesculetin, aesculin 및 fraxetin과 같은 쿠마린 화합물들과 ligstroside와 oleuropein과 같은 ester형태의 화합무들이 모두 단리 되었으며 들메나무에서는 ester형태의 화합물만 단리 되었다.