• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.373-377
• /
• 2009

Safflower seed extract was prepared by a high-pressure extraction technology and its quality characteristics were compared to that of other conventional extraction techniques, such ultrasonic and reflux extractions. Safflower seeds were extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol by three above extraction methods, and further fractionated with Diaion HP-20 column chromatography to obtain a partially purified safflower seed extract (PPSSE). Among the three extraction techniques examined, the reflux extraction showed the higher yields of EtOH extract and PPE than the ultrasonic and high-pressure extractions. Levels of most phenolic compounds in the EtOH extract of safflower seed are higher in reflux and ultrasonic extractions than the high pressure extraction, but levels of two serotonin aglycones, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS), in PPSSE were higher in the high pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions. In addition, color values (L and a) of the PPSSE were higher in the high-pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions, although there were no significant differences in pH and UV maxima absorption spectra among three extraction techniques. These results indicate that the high-pressure extraction technology is a simple and effective extraction for preparation of a high quality of safflower seed extract containing CS and FS with anti-wrinkle activity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 쌍화차의 품질 향상과 수율 증대를 위해 쌍화 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 설정하고, 설정된 조건으로 추출한 쌍화 추출물의 품질 특성의 차이를 확인하여 다류 제조에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 쌍화 추출물의 수율은 추출온도 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 추출용매의 주정농도가 50%일 때 그 수율이 가장 높았으며, 추출용매의 주정농도가 올라갈수록 추출 수율이 높게 나타났다. 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$와 9$0^{\circ}C$일 때 추출용매의 주정농도가 30%이상에서는 용매의 주정농도가 높아져도 수율의 증가가 둔화되는 경향을 보였는데, 주정농도가 높아질수록 생산원가가 높아져 제품의 경제성을 감안할 때 추출온도를 8$0^{\circ}C$이상으로 높일 경우 주정농도는 30%가 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 쌍화 추출물의 고형분의 함량은 추출온도가 올라 갈수록, 주정농도가 높을수록 대체로 고형분의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 유기산의 산도는 추출온도 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 주정농도 50%일 때 각각 1.28%, 1.27%로 가장 높았으며, 주정함량의 증가에 따라 산도도 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 온도증가에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났지만 온도가 더욱 높아진 80∼9$0^{\circ}C$에서는 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 나타난 현상과는 달리 산도가 증감을 반복하여 주정농도와 추출온도에 따른 변화는 일정하지 않았다. 추출물의 pH는 산도에서 나타났던 결과와는 반대의 경향을 보였는데, 이는 유기산 산도에 의한 pH 저하 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 쌍화 추출물의 물 불용성 침전물은 추출온도와 주정농도가 높을수록 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 주정농도가 30%이상에서 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이 물질의 과다 발생은 품질과 수율 저하를 발생시킨다. 주정농도가 30%일 때 물 불용성 침전물이 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$ 및 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1.64%, 1.69%로 주정농도 30%이하에서 나타난 수치와 크게 차이가 없으므로 주정농도는 30%가 적정하다고 볼 수 있다. 비중은 추출온도와 주정농도와 관계없이 추출조건별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과에서와 같이 쌍화추출물의 추출조건은 추출온도를 9$0^{\circ}C$로 하여 추출용매의 주정농도를 30%로 설정하는 것이 적정한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2022

열수 추출과 초임계 추출을 각각 사용하여 황칠나무(Dendropanax morbiferus, DM)로부터 에센셜 오일을 분리하고, 분리된 황칠나무 정유를 정성 및 정량 분석하였으며 에센셜 오일의 항산화 효과를 규명하였다. 또한 황칠나무의 부위별 건조 방법 및 추출 방법에 따른 에센셜 오일과 Caryophyllene의 수율을 각각 구하고 비교하였다. 에센셜 오일의 수율은 껍질 > 잎 > 잔가지 > 큰 가지 순서로 높게 나타났다. 동결 건조한 황칠나무 잎을 초임계 추출하였을 때 에센셜 오일과 Caryophyllene의 수율은 각각 23.2 g/kg DM 및 429.6 mg Caryophyllene/kg DM이었다. 황칠나무의 에센셜 오일은 낮은 농도에서도 항산화 효과가 있었으며, DPPH radical 소거능이 50%를 나타내는 SC₅₀의 에센셜 오일의 농도는 약 0.34%였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2017

아임계수 추출 기술을 이용하여 참당귀로부터 데쿠신, 노다케닌을 추출하고 HPLC, HPLC-ESI/MS를 이용하여 추출조건에 따른 유효성분을 정성 및 정량적으로 비교 분석하였다. 추출결과, 데쿠신과 노다케닌의 추출함량은 아임계수 추출법과 비교하여 열수 추출 방법을 이용하는 것이 약간 많거나 유사하였지만, 추출 시간은 아임계수 추출법이 5-10분 이내로 매우 빠르게 추출할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그리고 총 페놀함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 아임계수 추출법이 우수하게 많이 추출됨을 확인 할 수 있었고, DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 이용한 산화방지 효과도 아임계수 추출법이 우수하였다. 특히, 아임계수 추출 조건인 추출 온도와 추출 시간이 증가할수록 총 페놀함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량, 그리고 산화방지 효과 또한 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 이는 오직 물만을 사용하여 유효성분을 추출하는 친환경적이며 안전하고 독성이 없는 아임계수 추출의 잠재성과 우수성을 확인한 결과이며, 다양한 한약재뿐만 아니라 다른 식품 추출 산업에 응용하여 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.379-383
• /
• 2008

Extraction characteristics of garlic and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 26.41% was obtained at microwave power of 146.29 W, ethanol concentration of 63.31 %, and extraction time of 5.88 min. At microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 114.84 W, 58.83%, and 1.42 min, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability (EDA) was 72.86%. Maximum nitrite-scavenging ability was 94.62% at microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 81.83 W, 2.65%, and 3.83 min, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 49.12% at microwave power of 34.23 W, ethanol concentration of 33.11 %, and extraction time of 4.40 min. Based on superimposition of 4-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, nitrite-scavenging ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were microwave power of 0-100 W, ethanol concentration of 40-70%, and extraction time of 2-8 min.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.836-840
• /
• 2005

Extraction characteristics of Bonus species of Brassica oleracea var. capita and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 44.07% was obtained at ratio of solvent to sample of 27.94 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 24.35%, and extraction temperature of $55.21^{\circ}C$. At ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 21.11 mL/g, 58.53%, and $68.83^{\circ}C$, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability was 48.44%. Maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 68.94% at ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 24.08 mL/g, 10.49%, and $78.71^{\circ}C$, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 24.78% at ratio of solvent to sample of 22.66 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 45.69%, and extraction temperature of $93.81^{\circ}C$. Based on superimposition of four-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were ratio of solvent to sample of 20-30 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 35-65%, and extraction temperature of $50-80^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1133-1139
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities of extracts from various parts of the pine tree, which is known as a good source of functional food material. While ethanol extraction yields of pine bud and cone were higher than water extraction yields of pine bud and cone, water extraction yield of pine needle was higher than ethanol extraction yield of the pine needle. The content of polyphenols in the pine cone ethanol extract was 5 times higher than that in the pine bud and needle. Further, the content of flavonoids in the pine cone ethanol extract was 8 times higher than that in the pine bud and needle. DPPH radical scavenging effect of the pine cone ethanol extract was 3~5 times higher that of the pine bud and needle extract. Regardless of the extraction solvents, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the pine cone were stronger than those of the other parts of the pine tree. Taken together, it can be expected that the pine cone can be practically used as an antioxidant substance in food and beauty industries.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2014

In this study, we investigate the effect of pretreatment method on lipid extraction from Enteromorpha intestinalis using physical, thermo-chemical, and enzymatic process such as ultrasonication, high temperature treatment, freezing, microwave irradiation, osmotic shock, pH shock, homogenizing, and enzymatic treatment. In pretreatment with separated lipid extraction, the high extraction yield was obtained by high temperature treatment ($121^{\circ}C$ for 5 min) with 0.1 N HCl, which is 1.4 times higher than that of control. In pretreatment with direct lipid extraction, the high extraction yields were obtained by 0.1 N HCl pretreatment, microwave irradiation (700W, 1 min with twice), and 10% NaCl pretreatment, which is 1.45 times higher than that of control. In the result of enzymatic pretreatment with 17 kinds of enzymes, Cellic CTec II showed the high extraction yield of 5.3%, and which is 1.9 times higher than that of control. Moreover, the extraction yield was increased by the increase of enzyme amounts. In 10% enzyme amount, about 5.8% yield was obtained.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
• /
• pp.357-360
• /
• 2000

This paper describes a parameter extraction method for HBT(Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) equivalent circuit model without measurements of special test structures or numerical optimizations. Instead, all equivalent circuit parameters are calculated analytically from small-signal S-parameters measured under different bias conditions. These values being extracted from the cutoff mode can be used to extract intrinsic parameters at the active mode. This method yields a deviation of about 1.3 % between the measured and modeled S-parameters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.879-884
• /
• 2002

A series of novel 1,3-alternate calix[4]-mono-thiacrown and -bis-thiacrowns were synhesized within good yields. The three dimensional 1,3-alternate conformation was confimed by X-ray crystal structure. From the results of two phase extraction and NMR studies on the ligand-metal complex, one can conclude that the calix[4]thiacrown ethers showed the very high selectivity for silver ion over other metal ions by an electrostatic interaction between sulfur atom and silver ion and by a $\pi-metal$ complexation.