• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa are associated with aggregation of the bacteria m xylem vessels, formation of a gummy matrix and subsequent blockage of water uptake. In the closely related pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris, xanthan gum is known to be an important virulence factor, probably contributing to bacterial adhesion, aggregation and plugging of xylem. Xanthan gum, produced by X. campestris, is an extra-cellular polysaccharide consisting of a cellulose backbone ($\bate$-1,4-linked D-glucose) with trisaccharide side chains composed of mannose, glucuronic acid and mannose attached to alternate glucose residues in the backbone. We had constructed a mutant of X. campestris lacking gumI gene that is responsible for adding the terminal mannose for producing modified xanthan gum which is similar to xanthan gum fromX. fastidiosa. The modified xanthan gum degrading endgphytic bacterium Acineto-bacter johnsonii GX123 isolated from the oleander infected with leaf scorch disease.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.199-204
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• 2002

In order to recognize the deterioration of insulation system by partial discharge (PD), the characteristics of PD patterns which are occurring at the interface between epoxy and rubber materials in extra high voltage cable joints, have been investigated. The artificial defects such as voids, metal particles, insulation fiber and water impregnated insulation fiber are planted between the interfaces. A high frequency partial discharge detection system was used for measuring PD signals. An analysis of the PD patterns is focused on the shape of PD pattern, phase, width and time-dependence for each artificial defect. The PD Patterns in each defect show the different behaviors and it is suggested that the precise discrimination of PD patterns could be used for the diagnosis of deterioration in the insulation systems.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2009

Design is an act based on multidisciplinary information. The involvement of various stakeholders makes it difficult to process, plan, and integrate. Iteration is frequent in most of the engineering design and development projects including construction. Design iterations cause rework, and extra efforts are required to get the optimal sequence and to manage the projects. The simple project management techniques are insufficient to fulfill the requirements of integrated design. This paper entails two things: design structure matrix and design parameters' information based model. The emphasis has been given to optimal sequence and crucial iteration using design structure matrix analysis technique. The design projects have been studied using survey data from industry. The optimal sequence and crucial iterations results have been utilized for proposed model. Model integrates two things: information about produced- required key design parameters and information of design changes during the design process. It will help to get familiar with Design management in order to fulfill contemporary needs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.164-175
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• 2019

The Tor Tong Daeng Irrigation Project with the irrigation area of 61,400 hectares is located in the Ping Basin of the Upper Central Plain of Thailand where farmers depended on both surface water and groundwater. In the drought year, water storage in the Bhumipol Dam is inadequate to allocate water for agriculture, and caused water deficit in many irrigation projects. Farmers need to find extra sources of water such as water from farm pond or groundwater as a supplement. The operation of Bhumipol Dam and irrigation demand estimation are vital for irrigation water allocation to help solve water shortage issue in the irrigation project. The study aims to determine the smart dam operation system to mitigate water shortage in this irrigation project via introduction of machine learning to improve dam operation and irrigation demand estimation via soil moisture estimation from satellite images. Via ANN technique application, the inflows to the dam are generated from the upstream rain gauge stations using past 10 years daily rainfall data. The input vectors for ANN model are identified base on regression and principal component analysis. The structure of ANN (length of training data, the type of activation functions, the number of hidden nodes and training methods) is determined from the statistics performance between measurements and ANN outputs. On the other hands, the irrigation demand will be estimated by using satellite images, LANDSAT. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) values are estimated from the plant growth stage and soil moisture. The values are calibrated and verified with the field plant growth stages and soil moisture data in the year 2017-2018. The irrigation demand in the irrigation project is then estimated from the plant growth stage and soil moisture in the area. With the estimated dam inflow and irrigation demand, the dam operation will manage the water release in the better manner compared with the past operational data. The results show how smart system concept was applied and improve dam operation by using inflow estimation from ANN technique combining with irrigation demand estimation from satellite images when compared with the past operation data which is an initial step to develop the smart dam operation system in Thailand.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2011

Rapid screening method for the determination of the emissions of pollutants from vehicle interior parts and materials have been developed as ISO 12219-2 which is using bag and based on a static condition. The method was not controlled humidity in the test bag, so it is not suitable test method for formaldehyde emission test which is highly related to humidity condition. In this study, possibility of control humidity in the static test bag by adding extra water and the effect of humidity condition for formaldehyde emissions have been investigated. The relative humidity in the test bag was affected not only amount of water added also material of test bag and test specimen. The emission intensity of formaldehyde was increased according to increasing relative humidity in test bag. But excessively supplied water was condensed on the inner surface of test bag and surface of sample specimen that were sorption formaldehyde and were reduced its emission intensity.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.244-265
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• 2007

This study suggested the following several possible ways to develop Busan New Port as a comprehensive port area which comprises logistics functions, water front(for relaxation and leisure of citizens) and living zone (for dealing with daily works and chores): First, install extra facilities(e.g. plaza or landscape architecture facilities) for environmental cleanup of fishery port in the vicinity of logistic and housing complex. Second, develop water front for better benefits of users. Third, build a water land in leisure facilities for foreign tourists. Fourth, build a landmark in Port Hinterland. Finally, develop appropriate esthetic area for Port Logistics Hinterland.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2014

Memristor devices are one of the most promising candidate approaches to next-generation memory technologies. Memristive switching phenomena usually rely on repeated electrical resistive switching between non-volatile resistance states in an active material under the application of an electrical stimulus, such as a voltage or current. Recent reports have explored the use of variety of external operating parameters, such as the modulation of an applied magnetic field, temperature, or illumination conditions to activate changes in the memristive switching behaviors. Among these possible choices of signal controlling factors of memristor, photon is particularly attractive because photonic signals are not only easier to reach directly over long distances than electrical signal, but they also efficiently manage the interactions between logic devices without any signal interference. Furthermore, due to the inherent wave characteristics of photons, the facile manipulation of the light ray enables incident light angle controlled memristive switching. So that, in the tautological sense, device orienting position with regard to a photon source determines the occurrence of memristive switching as well. To demonstrate this position controlled memory device functionality, we have fabricated a metal-semiconductor-metal memristive switching nanodevice using ZnO nanorods. Superhydrophobicity employed in this memristor gives rise to illumination direction selectivity as an extra controlling parameter which is important feature in emerging. When light irradiates from a point source in water to the surface treated device, refraction of light ray takes place at the water/air interface because of the optical density differences in two media (water/air). When incident light travels through a higher refractive index medium (water; n=1.33) to lower one (air; n=1), a total reflection occurs for incidence angles over the critical value. Thus, when we watch the submerged NW arrays at the view angles over the critical angle, a mirror-like surface is observed due to the presence of air pocket layer. From this processes, the reversible switching characteristics were verified by modulating the light incident angle between the resistor and memristor.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.345-359
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment established a plan for advancement of livestock manure management in July 2011 and finalized the "Comprehensive Measures for Advancement of Livestock Manure Management" in May 2012 complementing and strengthening the plan. In this process, it was necessary to investigate the status of discharge of livestock manure and its environmental impact, for example on rivers, groundwater, arable outflow water and soil. We investigated types of livestock husbandry, discharge of livestock manure, and production and use of organic fertilizers and presented the improvement measures of livestock manure management and organic fertilizer use. First, it is necessary to come up with measures to calculate appropriate density and numbers of livestock animals and prevent overcrowded breeding. Second, as many of the private livestock manure treatment facilities are out-dated and their long-term aerated reaction tanks are not regularly managed, it is necessary to find ways to improve those facilities through inspection and diagnosis. In addition, since existing public treatment facilities are designed to add clean water to belt filter press, additional water is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve belt filter press in order to decrease the extra water. Finally, although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to establish standards for maturity of liquid fertilizers in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.34-40
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• 2011

This paper is purposed to develop an leakage current detecting system(LCDS) which can prevent electrical fires on breaker capacity expansion as well as ruptures of XL(Extra long) pipelines and power failure by operation of ELB(Earth leakage breaker) at auto water machine in winter. In order to develop LCDS, this paper studied field state investigation, field state experiment, development of leakage alarm system and verification experiments. Field states investigation at livestock companies(10 companies) in cheong-won location to deduce the problems of auto water machine is analyzed. The field state experiment is conducted at B livestock company in cheong won location. The field state experiment method is measured with leakage current when ELB tripped by environment factor(fine, cloudy, and rainy day). The LCDS is developed as MCU(Micro Control Unit) part applied leakage current values at B livestock company. Verification experiments for the leakage current detecting system were conducted by two methods of current supply and field test. Results show that LCDS suggested in this paper are valuable and usable in auto water machine based on environment factor, which will prevent severe damage to human beings and properties and reduce the electrical fires in livestock.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.320-325
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• 2021

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) methods are conventional analytical methods to analyze water quality. Both of these methods are technically indirect measurement methods, require complicated preconditions, and are time-consuming. On the other hand, the total organic carbon (TOC) method is a direct and fast measurement method which is more intuitive and accurate than the BOD and COD methods. However, general TOC analysis methods involve complicated processes and high power consumption owing to the process of phase transition from liquid to gas by a high-temperature heater. Furthermore, periodic consumables are also required for the removal of inorganic carbon (IC). Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is one of the most suitable photocatalysts for simple processes. Its usage involves low power consumption because it only reacts with the organic carbon (OC) without the requirement of any other reagents and extra processes. We investigated a TiO₂ photocatalyst-based TOC analysis for simple and affordable products. TiO₂-coated fiber substrate maintained under carbon included water was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of wavelength 365 nm. This method is suitable for the real-time monitoring of water pollution because of its fast reaction time. Its linear property is also sufficient to match the real value.