• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2007

Introduction: While uncommon, humeral head osteonecrosis is an indication for arthroplasty when the humeral head collapse is advanced. The current authors report the short-term clinical results of 7 hemiarthroplasties to treat humeral head osteonecrosis. Materials and Methods: This study focused on 7 reconstructed shoulders of 5 patients whose humeral head osteonecrosis was treated with hemiarthroplasty. The postulated causes were alcohol-induced (4 cases) and steroidinduced (3 cases). The minimum follow-up was 12 months. This study compared the preoperative and postoperative shoulder pain, range of motion, and ASES scores. The postoperative patient satisfaction was assessed. Results: The level of pain during exercise was reduced from a preoperative average of 7.6 to a postoperative average of 1.9. The range of motion, in terms of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation, improved from preoperative averages of $105.7^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$, and $22.1^{\circ}$ to postoperative averages of $146.6^{\circ}$, $139.3^{\circ}$, and $44.3^{\circ}$, respectively. The ASES scores increased from a preoperative mean of 39.0 to a postoperative mean of 84.1. The patients' ratings of the outcomes were excellent (5 cases) and good (2 cases). Conclusions: These short-term results indicate that hemiarthroplasty is a reliable treatment method for humeral head osteonecrosis improving shoulder pain, range of motion, and patient satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to make a report on the clinical prognosis of post traumatic lateral and posterolateral instability of the knee after LCL augmentation and popliteal tenodesis. Materials and Methods: The assessment was made among 21 cases who underwent augmentation of lateral collateral ligament(LCL) and popliteal tenodesis with allograft or artificial ligament (synthetic polyester, ABC ligament, Surgicraft, U.K.) at this Medical Center during the period from July 1996 to July 2003 and whose follow-up period was longer than one year. The authors recorded and analysed the physical findings (external rotation recurvatum test & posterolateral drawer test), stress roentgenograms(preoperative and postoperative) and Lysholm score. Results: The lateral and posterolateral instability of the knee were improved in 20 cases postoperatively, acccording to the clinical test and stress roentgenograms . Average Lysholm score was 52.5 preoperatively and 86.7 postoperatively .Conclusion: Our study found the surgery of lateral and posterolateral instability of the knee with augmentation of LCL and popliteal tenodesis using allograft or artiflcial ligament is simple technique. Taking these results into consideration, it seems to be one of effective methods of treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.398-407
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• 2021

Firefighters (who are responsible for people's safety) have one of the jobs that are expected to have problems due to aging in the workforce. An increase in the average age of firefighters can lead to serious social problems. The aim of this study is to survey firefighters in Jeollanam-do about their awareness of aging in firefighters, and to propose a plan to prepare them for aging through investigation and analysis of work problems that may occur due to an aging workforce. The survey shows that the higher the age group, the higher the awareness of aging firefighters, and the higher the total work experience and internal/external work experience, the higher the awareness of aging. As a plan to solve various problems that may arise from aging in firefighters, regular operation of physical fitness promotion programs, field work, job rotation, and managerial measures (such as a change of position to an administrative department) are prepared, and drone or robot technology is used. These solutions include the introduction of applied high-tech technologies to firefighting activities, establishment of retirement management policies, and preparation of plans to revitalize the connection to private employment. In order to maximize the applicability of the field, government institutional plans and preparations are essential.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was based on the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) member survey and aimed to report the current trends in the management of syndesmotic injuries over the last few decades. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 36 questions was sent to all KFAS members in September 2021. The questions were mainly related to the preferred techniques and clinical experiences in the treatment of patients with syndesmotic injuries. Answers with a prevalence ≥50% of respondents were considered a tendency. Results: Seventy-six (13.8%) of the 550 members responded to the survey. The results showed that the most preferred method to diagnose a syndesmotic injury was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intraoperatively, the external rotation stress test and the Cotton test were most frequently used to confirm syndesmotic diastasis. The reduction was usually done by a reduction clamp. One 3.5-mm screw was used most frequently over three cortices at 2~4 cm above the ankle joint. The preferred ankle position during fixation was 0° dorsiflexion. Removal of the syndesmotic screw was routinely done by most surgeons, mainly because of the limitation of movement and risk of screw breakage. Factors that affect suture button selection included non-rigid fixation which enables adequate fixation, early weight-bearing, and an infrequent need to remove the hardware. Inadequate reduction was considered the main factor that affects poor prognosis. Conclusion: This study proposes updated information about the current trends in the management of syndesmotic injuries in Korea. Consensuses in both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with syndesmotic injury were identified in this survey study. This study may raise the awareness of the various possible approaches toward the injury and should be used to further establish a standard protocol for the management of syndesmotic injuries.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2021

The present study investigated the effects of dynamic tubing gait (DTG II) program on the balancing ability for the promotion of life care of patients with chronic stroke. In the study, 25 sessions of DTG II program (30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week, for a total of 5 weeks) were applied to 10 patients with chronic stroke. To determine the effects of DTG II program for improving balance, surface electromyography(external oblique, erector spinae, iliopsoas, gluteus maximus), symmetry index test on three pelvic axes, and dynamic gait index test were performed before and after the intervention. The results showed statistically significant differences between preand post-intervention measurements of the gluteus maximus muscle at early and mid-stance phases(p<.05). The pelvic symmetry index differed significantly between pre- and post-intervention measurements of diagonal and rotational movement(p<.05). Comparison of dynamic gait index also showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements(p<.05). Based on these findings, it was determined that the DTG II program was able to improve the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke by activating their trunk muscles and improving the symmetry of diagonal pelvic movement and rotation. Therefore, DTG II program is recommended as an interventional method to improve life-care through improving the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-111
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• 2024

Most of utility cable tunnels are constructed utilizing shield TBM as part of the underground transmission line project. The TBM chamber is the only space inside the tunnel that encounters rock and soil, and is the place with the highest frequency of accident exposure, such as collapse and collision accidents. Since there is currently no way to measure the disc cutter wear from outside the chamber, frequent inspection by workers is essential. Accordingly, in this study, in order to prevent safety accidents inside the TBM chamber and expect the effect of shortening the construction period by reducing the number of chamber openings, the concept of disk cutter wear measurement technology was established and a prototype was produced. By considering prior technology and determining that magnetic sensors are most suitable for the excavation environment, wear measurement sensor package were developed integrating magnetic sensors, wireless communication modules, power supply, external casing, and monitoring systems. To verify the performance of the prototype in an actual excavation environment, a full-scale tunnelling test was performed using a 3.6 m EPB shield TBM. Based on the full-scale tests, five prototypes were operated normally among eight prototypes. It was analyzed that sensor measurement, wireless communication, and durability performance were secured within a maximum thrust of 3,000 kN and a rotation speed of 1.5 RPM.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.316-326
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• 2024

Background: This study sought to determine if preoperative forward elevation (FE) weakness affects outcomes of anatomic (aTSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for patients with rotator cuff-intact glenohumeral osteoarthritis (RCI-GHOA). Methods: A retrospective review of a single institution's prospectively collected shoulder arthroplasty database was performed between 2007 and 2020, including 333 aTSAs and 155 rTSAs for primary RCI-GHOA with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Defining preoperative weakness as FE strength ≤4.9 lb (2.2 kg), three cohorts were matched 1:1:1 by age, sex, and follow-up: weak (n=82) to normal aTSAs, weak (n=44) to normal rTSAs, and weak aTSAs (n=61) to weak rTSAs. Compared outcomes included range of motion, outcome scores, and complication and revision rates at latest follow-up. Results: Weak aTSAs and weak rTSAs achieved similar postoperative outcome measures to normal aTSAs and normal rTSAs, respectively (P>0.05). Compared to weak rTSAs, weak aTSAs achieved superior postoperative passive (P=0.006) and active external rotation (ER) (P=0.014) but less favorable postoperative Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (P=0.032), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (P=0.024), and University of California, Los Angeles scores (P=0.008). Weak aTSAs achieved the minimal clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit at a lower rate for abduction (P=0.045 and P=0.003) and FE (P=0.011 and P=0.001). Weak aTSAs had a higher revision rate (P=0.025) but a similar complication rate (P=0.291) compared to weak rTSAs. Conclusions: Patients with RCI-GHOA and preoperative FE weakness obtain postoperative outcomes similar to patients with normal preoperative strength after either aTSA or rTSA. Preoperatively, weak aTSAs achieved greater ER but lower rates of clinically relevant improvement in overhead motion compared to weak rTSAs.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate if acromial locking in hook plate is necessary for surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation by compare Wolter plate and AO hook plate. Methods: Seventy one patients who have Rockwood type III to V acromioclavicular joint dislocation treated with AO hook plate and Wolter plate were involved. Among them, 39 patients were treated with Wolter hook plate and 32 patients with AO hook plate. The Constant-Murley score and the range of motion of shoulder joint were measured on postoperative 1st ,$3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ and $12^{th}$ months, and the radiological complications involving plate and bone were investigated. Results: Constant-Murley score of postoperative one year were $83.2{\pm}6.8$ in AO hook plate group and $85.2{\pm}5.3$ in Wolter plate group without statistical difference (p<0.05). Faster recover of forward elevation and external rotation were examined in Wolter plate group at first and third months after surgery than those of AO hook plate group, but there were no significant difference between after six months or later after surgery. Four cases of loosen or broken screws and one case of pull-out of plate were found in Wolter plate group. Seven cases of subacromial bony erosion and one periprosthetic fracture were found in AO hook plate group. Conclusion: Although clinical outcomes of both two methods were same, no matter if acromial locking system was or not. More radiological complication of plate and bone were found in AO hook plate than that of Wolter plate. However also had disadvantage like larger incision during surgery.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report a result of the technique that reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) simultaneously using a fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft. Materials and Methods: Forty two patients (45 legs) underwent PCL and PLC reconstruction were included. There were 38 males and 4 females. Mean age was 39 years. Used graft was a fresh frozen Achilles tendon allograft, which was divided by two size, larger one (${\emptyset}$ 10 mm) for PCL reconstruction and smaller one (${\emptyset}$ 8 mm) for PLC reconstruction. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the PCL was performed using transtibial, single incision, and single bundle technique with 10mm fresh frozen Achilles allograft tendon first. After PCL reconstruction, reconstruction procedure for posterolateral instability was performed using modified figure of "8" technique using smaller gtaft. For clinical evaluation, range of motion, posterior drawer test, varus stress test, prone external rotation (dial) test, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale and posterior stress radiograph were used. Mean follow up period was 25 months. Results: Preoperatively posterior drawer test was 5 cases in grade II and 40 cases in grade III posterior instability. At final follow-up 22 cases returned within normal condition, 18 cases grade I and 5 cases grade II posterior instability. Though all patients showed positive result over 10 degrees in dial and varus stress test preoperatively, but only 9 cases showed positive both test at final follow-up. The range of motion deficit over $10^{\circ}$ flexion was 3 cases. Lysholm score was improved from mean 50 preoperatively to mean 83(p<0.05) and Tegner activity scale improved from mean 2.1 preoperatively to mean 4.6(p<0.05). In posterior stress radiographs, posterior displacement was improve from mean 16mm preoperatively to 4.1mm after treatment(p<0.05). All patients had improved compared to their pre-operative status as measured by physical examination such as posterior drawer test, varus stress test, dial test. Conclusion: We had successful results by combined reconstruction of the PCL & PLC with a fresh frozen Achilles tendon allograft in patients with PCL and posterolateral rotatory instability at a time.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic type II SLAP repair in non-athletes, and to compare the clinical outcomes between those who had isolated type II SLAP lesion and those who had combined partial thickness supraspinatus tear that did not required a combined repair. Materials and Methods: From July 2005 to January 2007, 142 consecutive type II SLAP lesions were treated with arthroscopic surgery. The inclusion criteria for the study were; (1) younger than 50 years old; and (2) non-athletes. Exclusion criteria were; (1) prior surgery, fracture or combined recurrent dislocation history on the affected shoulder; (2) combined full thickness rotator cuff tear or PTST (>50% thickness) patient that needed repair; and (3) combined infection, arthritis or inflammatory disease. Remaining 19 patients meet the criteria. Among them, 13 had combined PTRCT that did not require repair (Group I), and 6 had isolated type II SLAP lesion without combined supraspinatus tear (Group II). The mean age was 36.7 years (29~49 years), mean symptom duration was 39.1 months (3~216 months) and mean follow-up was 19.0 months (12~27 months). In all patients, the range of motion of affected shoulder, pain and function visual analogue scale (PVAS, FVAS), the Constant score and UCLA score were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: In group I, external rotation at side was decreased significantly (p=0.003),but there were no statistical significant change at the remains(p>0.05). And there were no differences between groups (p>0.05). At the final follow-up, all clinical outcome measurements improved after surgery with statistical significance (p<0.05): UCLA score, $22.8{\pm}5.2$ to $32.8{\pm}2.1$; Constant score, $79.4{\pm}8.6$ to $94.9{\pm}4.3$; PVAS $5.4{\pm}2.7$ to $1.1{\pm}1.4$; FVAS $63.2{\pm}15.3$ to $93.4{\pm}7.3$. But, in group comparison of the mean UCLA score and Constant score, there were no statistical significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: Arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesion provided good clinical outcomes in nonathletic population. Combined partial thickness supraspinatus tear does not seem to hamper the final outcome at minimal 1 year follow-up.