• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1988

One hundred fifty-four patients with the carcinoma of the uterine cervix were studied retrospectively to assess the result and impact of treatment at Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University, Hae-Wha Hospital from Feb 1981 through Dec. 1986. Prior to radiotherapy, the patients were evaluated and staged by recommendation of FIGO including physical examination, pelvic examination, cystoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy, chest X-ray, IVP. Ba enema. Also, an additional pelvic CT scan was obtained for some of the patients. The patients were treated by radiotherapy alone or adjuvant postoperative irradiation; in case of radiation therapy only, whole pelvic irradiation was given with Co-60 teletherapy unit via AP and PA parallel opposing fields or 4-oblique fields, 180 cGy per day, 5 days per week and intracavitary insertion was performed. In satges Ia, Ib, and IIa with small primary lesion, external irradiation was initially given to pelvis up to $2,000\~3,000\;cGy/2frac{1}{2}\;-3frac{1}{2}$ weeks and then intracavitary insertion was performed using Fletcher-Mini-Declos Applicator with cesium-137 cources and followed by external irradiation of $1,000\~2,000\;cGy/1frac{1}{2}\;-2frac{1}{2}$weeks via AP and PA parallel opposing fields with midline shield to spare of bladder and rectum. However, if the primary lesion is large, external irradiation was given without midline shield. More than stages IIb, the patients were treated by external beam irradiation up to 5,400cGy/30f for 6 weeks via 4-oblique portals and at the dose of 5,040cGy/28f the field was cut 5cm from the top margin for spare of small bowel, and followed by intracavitary irradiation, If there was residual tumor an additional dose of $900\~l,200cGy/5\~7f$ was given to parametrium and/or residual tumor area. Total dose of radiation to A and B-point were as follows; A-point; In early stages, Ia, Ib, IIa; $8,000\~9,000$ B-point $5,000\~6,000 cGy$ A-point; In advanced stages IIb, IIIa, IIIb; $9,000\~10,000$ B-point $60,000\~7,000cGy$ The results were obtained and as fellows; 1 The patients distribution according to FIGO staging system were stage Ia 6, Ib 27, IIa 28, IIb 54, IIIa 12, IIIb 18, and stage IVa 9. 2. Value of CT scan were demonstration of cervix tumor mass, parametrial and pelvic side wall tumor spread, pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes metastases, and hydronephrosis. Three dimensional quantitative demonstration of tumor volume is also important in planning radiation therapy. Another advantage of CT scan was detection of recurrent tumor after radiation or surgery. 3. Local control rate of tumor according to the size was $91.3\%$ for less than 5cm in size and $44.6\%$ in tumor over 5cm (p<0.0068). 4. Thirty out of 50 recurrent sites has locoregional failures and 17 cases has distant metastases. And the para-aortic lymph nodes were the most common site for distant metastases. 5. The most common complication was temporal rectal bleeding which was controlled most by conservative management. However, 4 patients required for endoscopic cauterization. 6. The 5-year survival rates showed; stage la and Ib $95\%,\;stage\;IIa\;81\%\;stage\;lIb\;67\%,\;stage\;IIIa\;37.7\%,\;stage\;IIIb\;23\%$ and 3-year survival rate of stage IVa showed $11.6%$, retrospectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation related to postural stability depending on different head positions with whole body vibration (WBV) in standing. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this single-group, repeated-measures study in which the surface electromyography (EMG) data from upper trapezius, rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius were collected over 3 different frequencies (0-10-20Hz) and 4 different head positions (neutral, flexion, extension, chin tuck) for each subject on WBV while standing. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that the EMG activity of all recorded muscles shows significant difference between three different frequencies and four head positions of WBV while standing (p<0.05). In the multiple comparison, significant differences could be observed for most of different frequency conditions except 0-10Hz of RA, 10-20Hz of ST. In contrast, no significant difference showed the comparison of the EMG activity depending on different head positions (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that different head positions on WBV do not activate muscles related to postural stability. However, higher frequency on WBV is highly effective to activate whole body muscles included postural muscles regardless of different head positions.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze biomechanical factors and PMT (premotor time) of body muscles between elite college and amateur baseball players during the baseball batting motion. Method: Kinematic and electromyographic data were obtained for 10 elite college baseball players and 10 amateur baseball players who participated in this study. All motion capture data were collected at 200 Hz using 8 VICON cameras and the PMT of muscles was recorded using a Delsys Trigno wireless system. The peak mean bat speed and the peak mean angular velocities of trunk, pelvis, and bat with PMT of 16 body muscles were computed. These kinematic and PMT data of both groups were compared by independent t-tests (p < .05). Results: The pelvis, trunk, and bat showed a sequence of angular velocity value during baseball batting. The PMTs of right tibialis anterior, left gastrocnemius, external oblique, and erector spinae were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The PMT of body muscles was related to the shifting of body and rotation of the pelvis and the trunk segment, and this action can be considered the coordinated muscle activity of the lower and upper body.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of activation of gluteus maximus (Gmax) and abdominal muscle using EMG biofeedback on lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles in standing position. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects with normal feet participated in the present study. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback using visual cue was used to activate the external oblique (EO) and Gmax. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcalcaneal angles were measured by electronic goniometers. All the subjects were instructed to activate the Gmax and EO monitoring increasing amounts of the muscle activities in each muscle. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were collected in three trials during resting and activation of each muscle using EMG biofeedback in standing position. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. A paired-t test was used to compare the lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles between resting and activation of the Gmax and EO using EMG biofeedback. Results: The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were significantly less in the resting compared to activation using EMG biofeedback (p<0.05). Conclusion: The activaition of Gmax and abdominal muscles using EMG biofeedback play role to control the pronation of subtalar joint during the weight-bearing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and horseback riding using a robotic device on the trunk muscle activity and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia. Methods: Children with spastic diplegia were divided into two groups: an experimental group (NMES and horseback riding using a robotic device [n=10]) and a control group (placebo NMES and horseback riding using a robotic device [n=10]). Each group received general physical therapy and occupational therapy. Each intervention involved the administration of NMES for 15 minutes and horseback riding using robotic device therapy for 15 minutes three times a week for 4 weeks. The evaluation included both the rectus abdominis muscles (RA), external oblique muscles (EO), thoracic paraspinal muscles (TP), and lumbar paraspinal muscles (LP) activity and GMFM. Results: The RA, EO, TP, and LP muscle activity, GMFM C, D, and E were increased significantly in the experimental and control groups. A significant increase in both the TP muscle activity and GMFM D was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that horseback riding using a robotic device is an effective intervention for trunk muscle activity and GMFM in children with spastic diplegia. However, if NMES is added to the back muscles, it is possible to further increase the thoracic paraspinal muscle activity and standing ability.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2012

Resection of the bowel is necessary for the repair of a ventral hernia after recovery from trauma in some cases. In such instances, polyester or polypropylene meshcannot be used due to the possibility of infection; we had to use biological mesh instead. We report a case in which a traumatic hernia was repaired with Permacol (Covidien, Norwalk, CT, USA). A 42-year-old male patient had been injured by a factory machine seven months prior to admission. At that time, he had abdominal wall injury and small bowel perforation. His abdominal wall had been a defect after operation. A CT scan of the abdomen showed that the left abdominal wall, which is lateral to left rectus abdominis muscle had only one muscle layer, an external oblique muscle, and that a previous abdominal incision had a defect along the entire incision. During the exploration, 10 cm of small bowel was removed due to firm adhesion to the previous surgical scar. Permacol mesh was applied and fixed with transfascial fixations and tacks by using the intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique. There were no complications after the surgery and the patient was discharged without any problems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.316-321
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• 2013

Purpose: The aimed of this study was to investigate muscle activation related to postural stability according to different frequency of whole body vibration during quiet standing, to identify the most effective training conditions that cause the highest neuromuscular responses, and to evaluate the difference of EMG activation according to the anatomical position of the muscle - proximal or distal from the vibration platform. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this single-group, repeated-measures study in which EMG data from upper trapezius, rectus abdominalis, external oblique abdominalis, elector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius were collected over different frequencies (0-5-10-15-20-25Hz) for each subject during quiet standing. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in the mean values of %RVC of muscular activation according to different frequencies of whole body vibration during quiet standing in all muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that lower frequencies of vibration result in low muscular activation, and higher frequencies elicit high muscular activation. However, the most effective training condition that caused the highest activation was 20 Hz. In addition, the proximally located lower extremity muscles (GCM, RF, ST, GM) showed higher activation than the distally located trunk and neck muscles (ES, EO, RA, UT) together with increasing frequency.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2005

In the previous study, we reported that the in viかo inhibitory effect of ginsenosides, active ingredient of Panax ginseng, on $5-HT_{3A}$ receptor channel activity is coupled to in vivo anti-vomiting and anti-nausea effect. In the present study, we further investigated that the inhibitory effect of ginsenosides, active ingredient of Panax ginseng, on 5-HT3A receptor channel activity is also coupled to attenuation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is induced by colorectal distention (CRD) and $0.6\%$ acetic acid treatment. The CRD-induced visceral pains induced by CRD and acetic acid treatment are measured by frequency of contractions of the external oblique muscle in conscious rats. Treatment of GTS significantly inhibited CRD-induced visceral pain with dose-dependent manner. The $EC_{50}$ was $5.5{\pm}4.7$ mg/kg ($95\%$ confidence intervals: 1.2-15.7) and the antinociceptive effect of GTS on visceral pain was persistent for 4 h. We also compared the effects of protopanaxadiol (PD) ginsenosides and protopanaxatriol (PT) ginsenosides with saline on acetic acid-and CRD-induced visceral pain, and found that protopanaxatriol (PT) ginsenosides was much more potent than PD ginsenosides in attenuating CRD-induced visceral pain. These results indicate that U ginsenosides of Panax ginseng are components far attenuation of experimentally CRD-induced visceral pains.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.751-754
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• 2008

Purpose: Delayed rupture of flexor pollicis longus as a sequelae of the plate inserted for distal radius fracture is a very rare. This is the first case reported and published in Korea. Methods: A 48 years old female patient visited hospital, complaining flexor disturbance of interphalangeal joint of left thumb, which suddenly occurred without any external wound. We found that she had received operation of fixing plate for fracture of left distal radius 10 years ago. As operational opinion, we have checked that flexor pollicis longus tendon has been ruptured with oblique ways being stimulated by extended plate to palmar side over long period. Results: Authors performed tenorrhaphy of flexor pollicis longus without tendon graft and presented a successful active flexion of the left thumb interphalangeal joint 1 year after the operation. Conclusion: If the extruded part of the end plate is observed during the operation or follow-up, it is considered to be necessary to get rid of the plate as early as possible after the fracture healing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 2018

In this report, we present a case of successful treatment of a bowel fistula in the open abdomen by perforator flaps and an aponeurosis plug. A 70-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and developed anastomotic leakage and dehiscence of the abdominal wound a week later. He was dependent upon extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous hemodiafiltration, and a respirator. Bowel fluids contaminated the open abdomen. Two months after the gastric operation, a plastic surgery team, in consultation with general surgeons, performed perforator flaps on both sides and constructed, as it were, a bridge of skin sealing the orifice of the fistula. The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle was elevated with the flap to be used as a plug. The perforators of the flaps were identified on preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography. This modality allowed us to locate the perforators precisely and to evaluate the perforators by assessing their diameters and performing a waveform analysis. The contamination decreased dramatically afterwards. The bare areas were gradually covered by skin grafts. The fistula was closed completely 18 days after the perforator flap. An ultrasound-guided perforator flap with an aponeurosis plug can be an option for patients suffering from an open abdomen with a bowel fistula.