• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.1-2
• /
• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.330-337
• /
• 2007

유전 장벽 방전이 특징인 외부전극 형광램프(External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp, EEFL)에서 유리재의 유전 특성인 유전상수 K와 유전손실 tan ${\delta}$가 램프에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 4 종류의 유리관을 사용하였다. 종래 일반적으로 사용되는 Borosilicate 유리재는 유전상수 $K=5.6{\sim}5.9$이고 유전 손실 tan ${\delta}=5.0{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.0{\times}10^{-3}$이다. Aluminosilicatae는 K=6.6이고 유전손실이 작은 tan ${\delta}=1{\times}10^{-4}$이다. Soda-lime 유리관은 유전상수가 큰 K=7.7이고, 유전 손실이 매우 큰 tan ${\delta}=1.37{\times}10^{-2}$이다. 유전 상수 K가 크면 외부전극 자체의 캐패시터를 크게 하여 방전 효율이 증가한다. 그러나 유전 손실이 크면 외부전극 자체의 전력 소모로 인하여 효율 저하와 핀홀 발생의 원인이 된다. 높은 유전상수 및 낮은 유전손실의 Aluminosilicate 외부전극 형광램프는 종래의 Borosilicate 외부전극 형광램프에 비하여 휘도와 효율이 $12{\sim}20%$ 증가하고, 핀홀에 매우 강하다. 유전상수와 유전손실이 큰 Soda-lime 외부전극 형광램프는 효율이 다소 낮고, 핀홀에도 매우 취약하다. 따라서 외부전극 형광램프는 유전상수 K가 크고 유전손실 tan ${\delta}$가 작은 유리관이 최적이다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조명전기설비학회 2002년도 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2002

In this paper we introduce novel electrode structure for high efficiency discharge. We operate discharge tube under the 0.16 torr pure Xe and apply the sinusoidal wave power to the lamp with 60kHz. We measure the electric power dissipation, plasma parameters, and 828 nm IR intensity. From these data we determine the discharge efficiency, IR intensity/watt, EEDF(Electron energy distribution function). As a result we obtain that the novel electrode structure has better performance in efficiency than that of conventional external electrode system. Also we determine the EEDF for each type of electrode structure by Boltzmann stover, EELNDIF code. The result of Boltzmann equation solving show that the noble electrode system has many high energy electrons compared with the conventional system.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.172-180
• /
• 2007

외부전극 형광램프(EEFL)에서 빛의 방출 전파 신호의 관측법에 의하여 플라즈마의 전자 온도와 밀도를 진단하는 새로운 방법을 소개한다. 직경 4.0 mm이고 램프 길이 860 mm인 37인치 LCD-TV용 외부전극 형광램프에 대하여, 전압 인가 방식에 따른 두 가지의 구동법에 의한 발광 형태와 플라즈마의 특성을 조사한다. 램프 양단에 고전압을 인가하는 구동 방식에서, 빛은 고전압이 인가된 램프 양 끝에서 중앙으로 빛의 방출이 전파되며, 램프 길이 전체에 대하여 휘도가 균일하다. 램프 한쪽에 고전압을 인가하고 다른 한쪽은 접지한 구동에서, 빛의 방출은 고전압이 인가된 전극에서 접지된 전극 방향으로 전파되며, 고전압 쪽의 휘도가 높고 접지 쪽의 휘도가 낮아 램프 길이 방향으로 휘도가 불균일하다. 이러한 발광 전파 신호로부터 전자의 표류 속도를 계산하여, 전자의 온도와 밀도를 얻는다. 외부전극 형광램프의 사용 휘도의 영역인 $10,000{\sim}15,000cd/m^2$에 대하여, 전자 온도 $(kT_e)$는 $1.3{\sim}2.7eV$, 플라즈마의 밀도 $(n_e)$는 $(1.6{\sim}3.6){\times}10^{16}m^{-3}$를 얻었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.162-165
• /
• 2000

To investigate the effect of metal electrode in electroluminescent[EL] devices, we fabricated EL devices of ITO/P3HT/Al, ITO/P3HT/LiF/Al and ITO/P3HT/Mg:In structure. In current-voltage-light power characteristics, turn-on voltage of EL devices using LiF insulating layer and Mg:In(2.8V) metal electrode is lower than EL device using Al(4.2V). Besides the external quantum efficiency is improved also. The reason is related to carrier mobility and carrier injection, which would affect the hole-electron balance. In the device with Al electrode, holes injected from indium-tin-oxide[ITO] to poly(3-hexylthiophene)[P3HT] might reach the Al electrode without interacting with injected electrons, because the electron injection efficiency was very low for this electrode. Besides oxidation of the Al electrode is likely due to holes reaching the cathode without meeting injected electrons. Another possible reason for the higher EL efficiency may be the insulating layer playing the role of a tunneling barrier for holes to the Al electrode. In all EL devices, the orange-red light was clearly visible in a dark room. Maximum peak wavelength of EL spectrum emitted at 640nm in accordance with photon energy 1.9eV

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2019

본 논문은 ESS 리튬배터리의 과충전 및 외부수열에 따른 화재위험성에 관한 실험적 연구이다. 과충전 실험결과 벤트 발생 후 가연성 가스 및 연기가 서서히 증가되다 착화가 발생했고, 충전된 에너지가 한순간에 급격히 방출되면서 화염분출 및 불티를 동반한 폭발적인 연소형태가 나타났다. 반면, 외부수열 실험결과 벤트 발생 후 엄청난 양의 가연성 가스 및 연기가 다량 배출되다 착화되어, 방출된 에너지로 인해 충전된 에너지양 자체가 급격히 감소되어 화염발생 후 과충전과 비교했을 때 소극적인 연소형태가 나타났다. 소손특성 분석결과 육안 및 X-ray 검사를 통해 과충전과 외부수열(외부화염)의 차이점을 찾을 수 있었다. 즉, 과충전의 경우 내부 극판이 완전히 파괴되어 부서지고, 극판에서 천공이 관찰되었으나, 외부수열의 경우 내부 전극판의 소손정도가 심하지 않고 형태를 유지하고 있었다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.792-794
• /
• 2008

We investigated influence of gas pressure and mixing ratio on the electro-optical properties of External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp (EEFL). The experimental results indicated that luminance and efficiency became the maximum at lower gas pressure and Ar mixing ratio.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.1412-1414
• /
• 2006

We study on the Electro Optical Properties of the EEFL (External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp) Backlight system is based on the lamp type characteristics and diameter of the lamp tube under the equal manufacturing of the lamps. In this contribution, through the analysis of the different lamp type and diameter of the lamp tube gain the effective luminance and reduce the lamp voltage from aspect in the electro optical properties with EEFL and LCD backlight system.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.1263-1266
• /
• 2006

A circuit model simulating the electrical characteristics of EEFL(External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp) is proposed. The model is based on linear approximation that represents the equivalent resistance and capacitance as a function of power. Simulation waveforms and experimental results are presented to verify feasibility of the equivalent model.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.1135-1138
• /
• 2003

A direct light type backlight for large-area LCD-TVs using External Electrode Fluorescent Lamps (EEFLs) has been developed. The brightness was $450cd/m^{2}$(nit) and the luminous uniformity (max/min) was 1.3. The mechanical design of backlight was optimized and the reliability of lamps was secured. As a result, the possibility of backlight with EEFLs for large area LCD-TVs was sufficiently proved.