• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2006

The identification of the exterior-interior pattern and the cold-heat pattern is one of the most frequently used diagnostic methods in Oriental medicine. No systematic studies, however, have yet been conducted to determine the emotional and autonomic factors involved in the exterior-interior and cold-heat. In this study, the relationships between depression, anxiety, and the exterior-interior and cold-heat patterns in 100 healthy female volunteers with a mean age of 42.77 were also investigated. The autonomic nervous system's control of human temperature is a well known fact. Thus, this paper also aimed to investigate the correlationof the autonomic nervous system and patterns of the exterior-interior and cold-heat. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), which has become a popular non-invasive tool for assessing the activities of the autonomic nervous system, was conducted in this study. No relationship was found between the exterior-interior and cold-heat pattern scores and the degree-of-depression scores. But there was a significant difference between the exterior-interior and cold-heat pattern scores of the different anxiety types, and between those of the different anxiety levels. The depression and anxiety levels also had an effect on the HRV indices.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objectives This paper was tried to find out Dongmu Lee Je-ma's concept about the exterior disease and the interior disease. Methods The study was researched as bibliologically with Dongmu Lee Je-ma's writings such as "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang Chobongyun", "Dongyi Suse Bowon" written in 1894, "Dongyi Suse Bowon" published in 1901 Results and Conclusion The conclusions were as follows 1. In Dongmu Lee Je-ma's book, There are no clear definition about the concept of the exterior disease and the interior disease. 2. At Dongmu's early works, the exterior disease and the interior disease were classified by the cause and the region of a disease. On the other hand, That wewe reclassified by the characteristic of Constitutional symptoms at "Dongyi Suse Bowon" published in 1901 3. In Dongmu Lee Je-ma's concept, If men is damaged the exterior Qi(表氣), he will be sick 'he exterior disease'. The other hand, If men is damaged the interior Qi(裏氣), he will be sick 'the interior disease'.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2004

There has been preconceived assumption that, in good architecture, exterior and interior have to be harmoniously related to each other. However, in contemporary architecture, it is easy to witness that this harmonious relationship between exterior and intoner is severely challenged and various exterior surfaces have multi-faceted roles. Rem Koolhaas explained this sort of new situation in the light of 'lobotomy' that is a surgical method for mental disorders, based on the high-rise buildings in the early Manhattan. This study is started with the Rem Koolhaas' lobotomy concept and how this concept is applied to his projects. The multiple roles of exterior surface can be also found in many contemporary architects' projects. Among them, Jacques Herzog & Pierre do Neuron and Toyo Ito's recent projects are discussed to further analyze the new roles of surface and compared with Rem Koolhaas' case. Although the architects discussed present very limited scope of what is happening on the surface of comtemporary architecture, it is hoped to disclose some examples of new relationship between exterior and interior.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

1. Objective : It is well-known that even if some people are born with same constitution, their symptoms can be different according to Exterior and Interior diagnosis. This study aimed to suggest different clinical symptoms according to Exterior and Interior group in individual Sasang constitution. 2. Methods : We collected 706 physiological and pathological data of subjects from August 2009 to July 2011 using case report form of Questionnaire. The Sasang constitutional diagnosis and Exterior and Interior diagnosis were conducted by Sasang constitutional experts. All data were analyzed with Chi-square test and significant p value was 0.05. 3. Results : There are different symptoms between Exterior and Interior group in Taeeumin as followed, the frequence of famine and burp, the part of sweat, brown or not in color of stool, painful or not in evacuating, the frequence of loose feces, the frequence of abdominal inflating, the costive feeling frequence after evacuating, foam in urine or not, urination times, amount of Coldness and Hotness in belly, the frequence of turning fale in face. Soeumin as followed, digestion well or not, amount of sweat in exercise, the brown or not in color of stool, the frequence of turning fale in face, athe frequence of clearness in urine and feeling hot. Soyangin as followed, amount of appetite, amount of sweat in hot weather, sweat in neck or not, the red color in urine or not, Coldness and Hotness in foot or not, amount of drinking. 3. Conclusions : We may suggest that physiological and pathological symptoms are different between exterior and interior group in individual Sasang constitution respectively.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2012

현대 도시의 실내와 실외의 경계는 모호해짐과 동시에 서로 융합되고 있다. 이러한 공간이 점차 증가함에 따라 환경 설계가들에게는 실내와 실외공간에 대한 통합적 사고와 이에 따른 공간 설계의 기준이 요구되고 있다. 설계의 기준이 되는 공간에 대한 감각(공간감)을 정량화하기 위해 본 연구에서는 63명의 실험자들이 서울대학교 캠퍼스 내 실내 15곳, 실외 14곳을 평가하도록 하였다. 평가어휘는 크기감(좁은-넓은), 개방감(폐쇄적인-개방적인), 온도감(따뜻한-차가운), 밝기감(밝은-어두운), 경연감(부드러운-딱딱한), 공간친밀도, 방문빈도였으며, 이를 통해 실내 외 공간감의 차이를 파악할 수 있었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 실내 외 크기감의 차이는 약 2배로 나타났으며, 실내 외 친밀한 공간의 기준은 실내에서 W/H비가 약 5.71이면서 창문면적/입면적의 비율이 높은 공간으로, 실외에서 넓이 $3,800m^2$와 W/H비 5.57정도의 공간으로 정할 수 있었다. 실내 외 공간감의 차이는 심리적 감각에 의해 주도되는데, 실내에서는 규모가 커질수록 차갑고 어두우며, 딱딱하게 느낀 반면 실외에서는 따뜻하고 밝으며 부드럽게 인식하였다. 또한 실내의 심리적 감각은 공간의 규모와 지각에 크게 영향 받지 않았기 때문에 친밀한 공간을 파악하기 어려웠으나, 실외의 심리적 감각은 규모와 지각에 관계되었으므로 친밀한 공간의 크기와 비율을 알 수 있었다. 연구를 통해 실내와 실외의 공간감은 서로 상대적인 차이를 가지며, 물리적인 기준 또한 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 향후 실내 혹은 실외공간 설계 시 환경설계가들에게 유용한 기준이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.848-851
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• 2014

In a small territory like South Korea, the only alternative to accommodate people in a big city is building apartment house. Exterior traffic noise is not inevitable as the apartment house is set up on wayside or main road is newly established near the area. As the request for quiet environment increases for a better quality of life recently, the exterior noise is considered to be resolved. This study shows the present condition of exterior noise of apartments and reviews a need for the improvement by comparing and analyzing the regulations of main country. Finally, considered the evaluating the interior noise in the apartment house.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

The problem of defining the relationship between interior space and exterior envelope of a building has long been a challenging task in the field of architecture throughout its history. This research chronologically reviews some of the important turning points in various schools of thoughts concerning construction of exterior envelope, with focus on how they influenced and altered the formation of our interior environment. This research also stipulates on how technological advance in the late 20th century laid grounds for a new type of interior-exterior relations in architecture through creation of flexible and ambiguous boundary conditions. The focus of this qualitative research will be on contemporary works of Japanese architects Toyo Ito, SANAA, and related group of architects who address the issues of transparency, flexible interior layout, buffer zones, structural facade, and neutralized (homogeneous) space that produces spatial quality of non-linear, non-hierarchical, and de-materialized space as a direct alternative to modern principles of space making.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2021

In Indonesia, coffee shops, commonly called warung or kedai shops, have begun to appear amid society from remote villages to urban centers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cafe atmosphere (i.e., exterior, interior, interior point-of-purchase displays and store layout) on the purchase decision of Generation Z. This study is conducted because of cafe competition is currently overgrowing. This study model consisted of five variables: exterior, interior, interior point-of-purchase displays, store layout, and purchase decision. Sampling in this study used non-probability, with a purposive sampling technique. According to predetermined criteria, the data collection technique employed a questionnaire distributed online to consumers had visited a cafe at least once in the last three months. This study's sample was 137 cafe visitors in Yogyakarta, representing one of the big cities in Indonesia. Therefore, the data was analyzed by using multiple regression. The results of the study indicated that the exterior and interior had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Likewise, interior point-of-purchase displays and store layout positively and significantly affected purchase decision. In addition, this study's findings generally concluded that the cafe atmosphere had a positive and significant effect on purchase decision.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.143-144
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• 2019

This study introduces the production and construction of building interior and exterior materials using UHPC for premix type room temperature curing developed through advance research and development.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.757-762
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of slab-beam-column subassemblage in the Ordinary Moment Frame(OMF). For this purpose, 3-story building was designed according to UBC and ACI building code(ACI 318-99) and the subassemblages of in the first story were constructed. The subassemblages were classified into interior and exterior. Each interior and exterior subassemblage is modeled by the 2/3 scale experimental specimens. All the specimens have the transverse beam and the columns on the slab have the lap splice as the typical exterior and interior slab-beam-column subassemblage. The interior subassemblage was tested under the constant axial force, while the exterior subassemblage was tested under the fluctuating axial force. Based on the results of the experiments, the performance of each subassemblage is evaluated and the failure mode is investigated.