• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2017

The main purpose of this research was to examine the EMG characteristics of driver's upper limb and driving performance for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand control devices(Push/Pull, Push/Right angle, Push/Rock, Push/Twist) during simulated driving. The persons with disabilities in the lower extremity have problems in operation of the vehicle because of functional impairments for controlling accelerator and brake pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in persons with lower extremity loss, the disabled people could improve their quality of mobility life by driving a car. Twenty subjects were involved in this research to assess driving performance and EMG activities for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand controls in driving simulator. We measured EMG responses of six muscles(posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, biceps, triceps, extensor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi radialis) during pulling and pushing movement with four types of left hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 program was used for evaluation test of four types of left hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While operating the four types of left hand controls for acceleration, EMG activities of posterior deltoid in normal subjects were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the disabled subjects. It was also found that EMG responses of triceps and posterior deltoid were significantly increased(p < 0.05) when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Pull type. While operating the four types of left hand controls for braking, EMG activities of flexor carpi radialis and triceps in subjects with disability were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and triceps were significantly increased when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Rock type. Time to reach target speed and brake reaction time in subjects with disability was increased by 2.5% and 4.6% on average compared to normal subjects. The person with disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow performance in acceleration at the straight lane course.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.272-279
• /
• 2018

이 연구는 에너지 기여도에 따른 무산소, 유산소 운동종목 선수들의 등속성 근력, 근파워 그리고 H/Q 비율을 검증하기위해 수행되었다. 연구대상자는 대한체육회에 등록된 선수 120명을 무산소 운동종목(n=60; 단거리, 역도, 도약, 투척, 볼링, 골프종목 선수)과 유산소 운동종목 집단(n=60; 근대5종, 필드하키, 핸드볼, 자전거, 복싱, 조정종목 선수)으로 구분하였으며, 무릎관절의 신전근과 굴곡근력 그리고 햄스트링근/대퇴사두근력 비율은 등속성 장비인 cybex 770을 이용하여 주측 다리의 $60^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}/sec$에서 실시하였다. 무산소 집단과 유산소 집단 간 차이를 검증하기 위해 독립표본 t-test(Independent t-test)를 사용하였으며, 각 집단 내에서 종목별 차이를 검증하기 위해 일원변량분석(One-way ANOVA)를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 무산소 운동종목에서 유산소 운동종목에 비해 신전근력, 굴곡근력, 굴곡근 파워가 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며(p<.05), 육상 단거리와 도약종목의 선수들에서 다른 종목에 비해 근력과 근파워가 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 그러나, 유산소운동종목 집단에서는 집단내 종목별 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 모든 종목에서 H/Q 비율은 50-60%로 안정된 범위의 비율을 보였다. 이상의 연구결과는 엘리트선수들과 지도자들에게 경기력 향상을 위해 생리학과 더불어 스포츠 과학적인 유익한 정보를 제공해줄 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.346-356
• /
• 2018

좌식 생활 및 신체활동의 부족에서 발생하는 과체중 및 복부비만은 요추 신전근의 약화 및 위축으로 인하여 요부통증(Low back Pain, LBP)의 위험요인으로 추정된다. 그러므로 이 연구는 LBP를 소유하고 있는 복부비만 중년남성(n=80)에게 체중감량에 효과가 있는 고강도서키트트레이닝(High Intensity Circuit Training, HICT)을 적용했을 때 신체조성의 변화가 척추만곡도(Spine Curvature, SC) 및 시각적통증척도(Visual Analog Scale, VAS)에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 한다. 운동 프로그램으로는 체간 중심의 운동을 포함한 전신의 근육을 동원할 수 있는 다관절 형태의 12가지 종목으로 구성된 HICT(1회 운동 30분, 격일제 주당 3회)를 12주간 적용하였다. 그 결과, 비만관련 신체조성에서 긍정적인 변화가 관찰되었으며, 흉추후만도(Kypotic Angle, KA) 및 요추전만도(Lordotic Angle, LA)가 정상치에 가깝게 이동하였다. 이것은 궁극적으로 요부통증의 척도인 VAS의 지표가 낮아지는 결과를 보여 주었다. 결국, 복부비만에 의한 비정상적인 흉추후만도, 요추전만도 및 요부통증의 개선은 본 연구에서 적용된 고강도의 운동트레이닝에 의한 신체조성의 변화가 척추만곡도와 요부통증의 개선을 유도하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한관절경학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1998

This study was done to compare the results of the one-incision technique and the conventional two incision technique for the arthroscopic treatment of the posterior cruciate ligament injury. Fifty-five patients with the posterior cruciate ligament injury underwent the arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) graft. Patients with combined ligament injuries requiring concomitant operative treatment were excluded in this study. The conventional two-incision technique was performed in ten patients(Group I) and the one-incision technique in forty-five patients(Group II). The average duration of follow-up was 45 months in Group I(range, 40 to 50 months) and 36 months in Group II(range, 24 to 68 months). Auto BTB grafts were utilized for all patients in Group I. In Group II, 34 BTB autografts and 11 BTB allografts were utilized. The functional results were evaluated according to the Lysholm Knee Scoring scale and the Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) knee ligament rating form. The postoperative posterior laxity was measured with a KT 1000 or 2000 arthrometer. Lysholm postoperative mean values were 90.0 in Group I and 90.6 in Group II. HSS mean values were 87.7 in Group I and 92.6 in Group II. HSS postoperative mean value showed better results in Group II(p=0.037). The average side-to-side difference of the posterior translation measured by the KT 2000 arthrometer were 2.10 mm(range, 1 to 4 mm) in Group I and 2.38 mm(range, 0 to 5 mm) in Group II. But there was no statistically significant difference. In Group II, the results of the autograft and allograft showed no significant difference. The arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using one-incision technique showed good results comparable to the conventional two-incision technique. This technique minimizes potential injury to the extensor mechanism, especially vastus medialis obliquus, and scar formation over the medial femoral condyle. The operation can be finished within one tourniquet time by using only one-incision.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.691-700
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 젊은 여성을 대상으로 필라테스 운동이 하지 근력과 밸런스에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 연구 목적을 두고 실시하였다. 20명의 젊은 여성들을 대상으로 통제군 10명, 필라테스 운동군 10명으로 2개 집단을 분류하여 실험 절차에 따라 진행하였다. 필라테스 운동군은 운동프로그램에 따라 주 3회의 빈도로 매 회 60분, 총 8주 동안 운동을 실시하였다. 통제군과 필라테스 운동군은 실험 전 후로 신체구성 측정과 하지 등속성 근력 측정, 신체 밸런스 측정을 하였다. 측정한 자료를 통계적으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 필라테스 운동 집단이 운동 실시 8주 후, 신체구성 변화에서 근육량이 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.01). 슬관절 근 기능 변화에서는 $60^{\circ}/sec$에서 오른쪽 신근 최대근력과 오른쪽 신근 총 일량이 5% 수준에서 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 $180^{\circ}/sec$에서는 왼쪽 굴근 최대근력이 5% 수준에서 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 마지막으로 밸런스의 변화에서는 집단 내 비교에서 오른발 밸런스에서(p< .01), 공분산분석 결과에서는 양발과 오른발 밸런스 변화에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 결론적으로 8주 동안의 필라테스 운동은 신체구성과 하지 등속성 근력과 밸런스에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe the foot gworeum meridian muscle from a viewpoint of human anatomy on the assumption that the meridian muscle system is basically matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system, and further to support the accurate application of acupuncture in clinical practice. Methods: Meridian points corresponding to the foot gworeum meridian muscle at the body surface were labeled with latex, being based on Korean standard acupuncture point locations. In order to expose components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, the cadaver was then dissected, being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layers while entering more deeply. Results: Anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle in human are composed of muscles, fascia, ligament, nerves, etc. The anatomical components of the foot gworeum meridian muscle in cadaver are as follows: 1. Muscle: Dorsal pedis fascia, crural fascia, flexor digitorum (digit.) longus muscle (m.), soleus m., sartorius m., adductor longus m., and external abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis at the superficial layer, dorsal interosseous m. tendon (tend.), extensor (ext.) hallucis brevis m. tend., ext. hallucis longus m. tend., tibialis anterior m. tend., flexor digit. longus m., and internal abdominal oblique m. at the middle layer, and finally posterior tibialis m., gracilis m. tend., semitendinosus m. tend., semimembranosus m. tend., gastrocnemius m., adductor magnus m. tend., vastus medialis m., adductor brevis m., and intercostal m. at the deep layer. 2. Nerve: Dorsal digital branch (br.) of the deep peroneal nerve (n.), dorsal br. of the proper plantar digital n., medial br. of the deep peroneal n., saphenous n., infrapatellar br. of the saphenous n., cutaneous (cut.) br. of the obturator n., femoral br. of the genitofemoral n., anterior (ant.) cut. br. of the femoral n., ant. cut. br. of the iliohypogastric n., lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the superficial layer, saphenous n., ant. division of the obturator n., post. division of the obturator n., obturator n., ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the middle layer, and finally tibialis n. and articular br. of tibial n. at the deep layer. Conclusion: The meridian muscle system seemed to be closely matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system. This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, and also from the methodical aspect of the analytic process. In addition, the human foot gworeum meridian muscle is composed of the proper muscles, and also may include the relevant nerves, but it is as questionable as ever, and we can guess that there are somewhat conceptual differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles in the foot gworeum meridian muscle and those which pass nearby) in human anatomy.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present extended indications for the use of arterialized venous flaps in reconstructing soft tissue, tendon, nerve, blood vessel, and composite tissue defects of the hand of various sizes based on researches and clinical experiences of the authors. Moreover, procedures to achieve complete flap survival and postoperative results are presented. Materials & methods: This study is based on 154 cases of arterialized venous flaps performed to reconstruct the hand during the past 11 years. The most common cause of injury was industrial accidents with 125 cases. One hundred thirty patients or 84% of the cases had emergency operation within 2 weeks of the injury. The flaps were categorized depending on the size of the flap. Flaps smaller than $10\;cm^2$ were classified as small (n=48), those larger than $25\;cm^2$ classified large (n=42) and those in between medium (n=64). Classified according to composition, there were 88 cases (57.1 %) of venous skin flaps, 28 cases of innervated venous flaps, 15 cases of tendocutaneous venous flaps, which incorporated the palmaris longus tendon, for repair of extensor tendons of the fingers, and 17 cases of conduit venous flaps to repair arterial defect. There were 37 cases where multiple injuries to multiple digits were reconstructed. Moreover, there were 6 cases of composite tissue effects that involved soft tissue, blood vessels and tendons. The donor sites were ipsilateral forearm, wrist and thenar area, foot dorsum, and medial calf. The recipient sites were single digit, multiple digits, first web space, dorsum and palm of hand, and wrist. Results: There were seven cases (4.5%) of emergent re-exploration due to vascular crisis, and 3 cases of flap failure characterized by more than 50% necrosis of the flap. The survival rate was 98.1 % (151/154). In small flaps, an average of 1.01 afferent arteries and 1.05 efferent veins were microanastomosed, and in large flaps, an average of 1.88 afferent arteries and 2.19 efferent veins were anastomosed. In 8 cases where innervated flaps were used for reconstructing the palm of the hand, the average static two-point discrimination was $10\;(8{\sim}15)\;mm$. In 12 cases where tenocutaneous flaps were used, active range of motion at the proximal interphalangeal joint was 60 degrees, 20 degrees at the distal interphalangeal joint, and 75 degrees at the metacarpophalangeal joint. Conclusion: We conclude that the arterialized venous flap is a valuable and effective tool in the reconstruction of hand injuries, and could have a more comprehensive set of indications.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.27-47
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze how to treat various symptoms through the combination of Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$, according to reviewing the contents and data since Ling Shu (靈樞經) to recent literatures including thirty-five medical books. Methods : It was arranged and considered that the location, needling, and symptoms of each acupoint were described in various literatures before the publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam (鍼經指南). Through various literature since the Publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam, it was examined how to be recognized and be referred about Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$. Results and Conclusions : The location of Yoelgyoel is the superior 1.5cun at wrist joint striation, medial of extensor carpi radialis longus; the location of Johae is the depression part under foot medial condyle. Yoelgyoel is often used for respiratory organ disease, urinary organ disease, neuopsychiatory disease, musculoskeletal system disease; Johae is often used for urinary organ disease, circulatory organ disease. At Chim Kyung Ji Nam, Yoelgyoel is often used for thoraco-abdominal Pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease; Johae is often used for abdominal pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease. Therefore, these points are used together for general internal disease. As well, these are not directly continuous with Previous literatures from Chim Kyung Ji Nam. The combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae have been developed to the three categories as follows; it is quoted from as it is; it is reconstructed in the form of song; it has new symptoms enlarged. Consequently, the combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae was not bind to the rule of Up-Bottom harmony (上下配合), but asserted for the rule of Ju-Eng harmony (主應配合), which add specific acupoints to e combination of Yolgyol and Chohae as the complication of the symptoms.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2000

중종근무력증 환자들에게 반복신경자극검사를 시행함에 있어서 하지의 근육들의 진단적 민감성을 파악해 보기 위하여 건강한 남녀 20명과 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 신경과에 중증근무력증의 특징적인 증상을 주소로 내훤한 grade 2이상의 환자 10례를 대상으로 안윤근, 소지외전근, 척측수근굴근과 하지의 내경골근, 단지선근, 내광근에서 반복신경자극검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 환자에서 반복신경자극검사에서 안면근육과 상지근육은 하지근육보다 민감도에서 높은 결과를 보여 주었고, 정상인과 중증근무력증 환자사이에서 안정기, 운동 직후, 운동 후 1분, 운동 후 3분에서의 감소성반응수치는 안면과 상지근육에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이 (P<0.01 or p<0.05)가 있었으나 하지근육에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다, 중증근무력증환자에서의 반복신경자극검사 결과 안윤근에서 20례, 척측수근굴근에서 14례, 소지외전근에서 12례에서 양성반응을 보였으며, 하지에서는 전경골근에서 4례, 단지선근에서 8례, 내광근에서 3례에서 양성반응이 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 중증근무력증이 의심되는 환자에게 반복신경자극검사를 시행할 경우에 안면과 상지근육에 정성소견이 보이면 하지근육에서 반복신경자극검사를 시행할 필요는 없는 것으로 생각되나, 빈도는 낮지만 하지근육애서도 양성반응을 보임에 따라서 추후에 좀 더 많은 환자에 대해서 하지근육의 반복신경자극검사를 시행해 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.126-135
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercise for increasing knee joint function on the knee position sense in the normal adults. Thirty normal adults(male 15, female 15; mean age: $22.13{\pm}2.58$ years) were participated in this study into two groups, each with 15 people. The group I was trained that closed kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint and the group II was trained that open kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint. Exercise programs performed for 4 weeks, 3 times a week were using Shuttle 2000-1 closed kinetic chain exercise and Knee Extensor open kinetic chain exercise(HUR, Filand). The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $0-20^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 2) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $21-40^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $41-60^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 4) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $0-20^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 5) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $21-40^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 6) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in $41-60^{\circ}$ were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that closed and open kinetic chain exercise has increased in the knee joint proprioception between before and after training. Especially, closed kinetic chain exercise could be more useful intervention than open kinetic chain exercise for increasing proprioceptive sense.