• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

Purpose: Perforated gastric cancer (PGC) is rare and occurs in $1\∼4\%$ of all gastric cancers. Possible dissemination of tumor cells at the time of perforation of the gastric carcinoma has been a matter of concern. The intraoperative determination of what kind of operation should be done and how extensive the lymphnode dissection should be still remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing the survival and to determine the optimal treatment for PGC. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 patients were operated on for a perforated gastric carcinoma at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital from 1983 to 2000. the age and the sexes of the patients, the location of perforation, the diameter of perforation, the histologic type of the tumor, the depth of wall invasion, the absence or presence of lymph node metastasis / distant metastasis, the stage of disease, the type of operation, and the outcomes were examined. Statistically significant differences were analyzed by using Fisher's exact test. Results: The stage distributions according to the UICC classification were 1 case of stage I, 6 cases of stage II, 17 cases of stage III, and 11 cases of stage IV. An emergency gastrectomy was done in 26 patients ($61.9\%$), with a 5-yr survival rate of $44\%$. The survival of patients was significantly influenced by the depth of wall invasion, the lymphnode metastasis, distant metastasis, the stage of disease, and the type of operation. Conclusions: an emergency gastrectomy is the treatment of choice for most patients with resectable PGC. Choosing more a optimistic surgical approach for potentially curative cases of PGC should be one way to increase the patient's survival rate.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most widely cultured fish species in Korea. Although olive flounder receive attention from aquaculture and fisheries and extensive research has been conducted eye morphological change in metamorphosis, but little information was known to molecular mechanism and gene expression of eye development- related genes during the early part of eye formation period. For the reason of eyesight is the most important sense in flounder larvae to search prey, the screening and identification of expressed genes in the eye will provide useful insight into the molecular regulation mechanism of eye development in olive flounder. Through the search of an olive flounder DNA database of expressed sequence tags (EST), we found a partial sequence that was similar to crystallin beta A1 and gamma S. Microscopic observation of retinal formation correspond with the time of expression of the crystallin beta A1 and gamma S gene in the developmental stage, these result suggesting that beta A1 and gamma S play a vital role in the remodeling of the retina during eye development. The expression of crystallin beta A1 and gamma S were obviously strong in eye at all tested developing stage, it is also hypothesized that crystallin acts as a molecular chaperone to prevent protein aggregation during maturation and aging in the eye.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing. Malignant melanoma is already known to have poorer prognosis than other primary skin cancers. Despite the poor prognosis, it is relatively less known to the public so that a number of patients visit hospital carrying advanced stage tumor. Yet, extensive study about malignant melanoma is currently insufficient, and specific guidelines and statistical figures in Korea are almost inexistent. Therefore, authors reviewed patients with malignant melanoma who have visited our hospital for last 14 years. Methods: Between January 1994 and January 2008, 62 patients were diagnosed with malignant melanoma at our hospital. A retrospective study was performed with data from patients' charts and biopsy results. Annual incidence, mean age of onset, gender, tumor location, tumor thickness, pathologic ulceration, clinicopathologic subtype, and clinical AJCC stage were evaluated. Analysis of factors associated with survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan - Meier method was used to generate survival curves. Results: Clinicopathologic features of 62 patients (32 male, 30 female) with average age of 57 years were evaluated. Most lesions were found in lower limb, and the most common subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma. We could also find that age, tumor thickness, and clinical stage were the only significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: Clinicopathologic features of malignant melanoma were analyzed in this study, but the result is not ready to be generalized because the number of cases is too small. Further study must be performed to report clinical guidelines for prognosis and treatment for malignant melanoma patients in Korea.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권B호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2008

Applicability of existing methods of predicting consolidation settlement was assessed by analyzing results of centrifuge tests modelling self-weight consolidation of soft marine clay. From extensive literature review about self-weight consolidation of soft marine clays located in southern coast in Korea, constitutive relationships of void ratio-effective stress-permeability and typical self-weight consolidation curves with time were obtained by centrifuge model experiments. For the condition of surcharge loading, exact solution of consolidation settlement curve was obtained by Terzaghi's consolidation theory and was compared with the results predicted by currently available methods such as Hyperbolic method, Asaoka's method, Hoshino's method and ${\sqrt{S}}$ method. All methods were found to have their own inherent error to predict final consolidation settlement. From results of analyzing the self-weight consolidation with time by using those methods, Asaoka's method predicted the best. Hyperbolic method predicted relatively well in error range of 2~24% for the case of showing the linearity in the relationship between T vs T/S in the stage of consolidation degree of 60~90 %. For the case of relation curve of T vs $T/S^2$ showing the lineality after the middle stage, error range from Hoshino method was close to those from Hyperbolic method. However, Hoshino method is not able to predict the final settlement in the case of relation curve of T vs $T/S^2$ being horizontal. For the given data about self-weight consolidation after the middle stage, relation curve of T vs T/S from ${\sqrt{S}}$ method shows the better linearity than that of T vs $T/{\sqrt{s}}$ from Hyperbolic method.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

The Sydney Opera House is built on a peninsula of rock that juts out into Sydney Harbor. The site was once a landing place for ships. Utzon, Architect, designed the theatres for the Opera House to fit the shape. The two theatres were placed side by side so that they both had extensive harbor views. The Sydney Opera House is designed the foyers to take full advantage of these sights. Because the building would be seen from all sides, even from above, it was to be a piece of sculpture. The outside was as important as the inside. The audience enters from behind the stage and walks around to the foyers overlooking the harbour. The wing and backstage areas are small because of the way the foyers wrap around the theatre. The stage is made up of large platform lifts which provide the vertical movement for changing scenery. The sets come up from the workshops below stage. The flytower fits under the largest roof shell and doesn't break the skyline. The important elements are the podium, the shells and the reminders. The podium, the huge monolithic concrete structure, contains hundreds of rooms and nearly all the technical equipment. The podium is clad with pink granite slabs and seen from the water. This design eliminated a maze of fire escape stairs and, at the same time, gave people a wonderful view of the harbour. The egg shell is remarkably strong and express the form as the symbol of the site.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.802-807
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• 2003

International Convention Center Jeju(ICCJ) was planed and built for accommodating a variety of conventional and exhibitional activities. For a better flexibility of operation, almost all rooms in ICCJ are designed to be subdivided Into a couple of small rooms with installation of movable partition walls. Architectural and acoustical design should be deliberatively and cooperatively undertaken to cope with such a complex condition. Conference hall, the largest room in ICCJ, has a capacity of 5000 seats who:1 used as a whole. It could be divided into 3 halls, one with 2000 pre-installed seats on slanted floor, up/down removable stage and its settings above, and the other 2 flat rooms with no seats installed. A devided hall with pre-installed seats and stage is designed for a multi-use auditorium. Almost all surfaces except ceilings adjacent to the stage are sound absorptively treated, in regard to extensive use of sound reinforcement systems. Its reverberation time 1.65 sec without audience, which is roughly correspond to 1.50 sec with fully occupied audience. When there is a need for a larger room, all the partition wail Is removed and the hall could be used as a whole. Exhibition hall is located in the first floor of ICCJ. Absorption and softness are needed for the hat 1 because exhibition behavior has something noisy features. Perforated MDF panels with porous materials and air space in the back groundare adopted for the walls. There are one large, two medium, and several small convention rooms in ICJJ. The room are also acoustically designed for maximum flexibility with no defects soundwisely.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2017

Introduction: The extent of lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer is a topic of controversy among surgeons. This study was conducted to analyze the American National Cancer Database (NCDB) and conclude the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The NCDB for gastric cancer was utilized. Patients who received at least a partial gastrectomy were included. Patients with metastatic disease, unknown TNM stages, R1/R2 resection, or treated with a palliative intent were excluded. Joinpoint regression was used to identify the extent of lymphadenectomy that reflects the optimal survival. Cox regression analysis and Bayesian information criterion were used to identify significant survival predictors. Kaplan-Meier was applied to study overall survival and stage migration. Results: 40,281 patients of 168,377 met the inclusion criteria. Joinpoint analysis showed that dissection of 29 nodes provides the optimal median survival for the overall population. Regression analysis reported the cutoff ${\geq}29$ to have a better fit in the prognostic model than that of ${\geq}15$. Dissection of ${\geq}29$ nodes in the higher stages provides a comparable overall survival to the immediately lower stage. Nonetheless, the retrieval of ${\geq}15$ nodes proved to be adequate for staging without a significant stage migration compared to ${\geq}29$ nodes. Conclusion: The extent of lymphadenectomy in gastric adenocarcinoma is a marker of improved resection which reflects in a longer overall survival. Our analysis concludes that the dissection of ${\geq}15$ nodes is adequate for staging. However, the dissection of 29 nodes might be needed to provide a significantly improved survival.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.356-360
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• 2021

Background: Primary pulmonary malignant mesenchymal tumors are rare, constituting only 0.4% of all lung cancers. Since sarcomas are chemo/radio-resistant, surgical resection is the optimal treatment choice for patients with suitable medical conditions and tumor stage. In the present study, we analyzed the surgical outcomes and survival of primary pulmonary malignant mesenchymal tumors treated surgically. Methods: We retrospectively examined the records of patients with primary pulmonary malignant mesenchymal tumors who underwent surgical resection at our department between January 2010 and December 2020. Patient data were analyzed according to age, sex, tumor grade and stage, resection completeness, surgical type, and tumor histopathology. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study. There were 13 men (65%) and 7 women (35%). The median survival rate was 36 months (range, 19-53 months), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 37%. Unfavorable prognostic factors for overall survival included parietal pleural invasion (p=0.02), high tumor grade (p=0.02), advanced tumor stage (p=0.02), and extensive parenchymal resection (pneumonectomy and bilobectomy, p=0.01). The median length of disease-free survival was 31 months (interquartile range, 21-41 months), and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 32%. The most unfavorable prognostic factors for recurrence were parietal pleural invasion (p=0.02), high tumor grade (p=0.01), and tumors requiring lung resection with chest wall resection (p=0.02). Conclusion: Primary malignant mesenchymal lung tumors are aggressive and have a high mortality rate. However, acceptable overall and disease-free survival rates can be obtained with surgical therapy.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2015

Interaction of the the rust fungus Puccinia miscanthi with the biofuel plant Miscanthus sinensis during the teliospore phase was investigated by light and electron microscopy. P. miscanthi telia were oval-shaped and present on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Teliospores were brown, one-septate (two-celled), and had pedicels attached to one end. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous electron-translucent lipid globules in the cytoplasm of teliospores. Extensive cell wall dissolution around hyphae was not observed in the host tissues beneath the telia. Hyphae were found between mesophyll cells in the leaf tissues as well as in host cells. Intracellular hyphae, possibly haustoria, possessed electron-dense fungal cell walls encased by an electron-transparent fibrillar extrahaustorial sheath that had an electron-dense extrahaustorial membrane. The infected host cells appeared to maintain their membrane-bound structures such as nuclei and chloroplasts. These results suggest that the rust fungus maintains its biotrophic phase with most mesophyll cells of M. sinensis. Such a nutritional mode would permit the rust fungus to obtain food reserves for transient growth in the course of host alteration.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.514-518
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• 2013

The etiology of small and fresh rectal bleeding in neonates who are not sick is usually unknown; the only known cause is food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIPC). It has been recently reported that FPIPC is a rare cause of rectal bleeding in newborns, and most cases have been proved to be due to idiopathic neonatal transient colitis. A recommended strategy for diagnosing suspected FPIPC in neonates is as follows. During the early stage, the etiology of small and fresh rectal bleeding in an otherwise healthy newborn need not be studied through extensive investigations. In patients showing continued bleeding even after 4 days, sigmoidoscopy and rectal mucosal biopsy may be performed. Even if mucosal histological findings indicate a diagnosis of FPIPC, further oral food elimination and challenge tests must be performed sequentially to confirm FPIPC. Food elimination and challenge tests should be included in the diagnostic criteria of FPIPC.