• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.843-853
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether extension exercise is effective in reducing low back pain. Nine patients with low back pain were randomly assigened to one of two groups-one was an experimental group in which the patient were treated with extension exercise(McKenzie method) and conservative therapy. The other was a control group in which the patients were treated with conservative therapy only. Treatment was performed for a period of ten days during Which we examed each patient three times: the first exam was done at the begining of treatment, the second after fives days, and the third after ten days. We used 'The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire'(r=.99) as the examination tool. The results were as follows: 1. Both experimental and control groups showed nonsignificant differences before and after treatment, and the between group difference was also non-significant(P>.05). 2. There was no effective reduction of low back pain by MecKenzie's extension exercise(p>.05). We admit that our study protocol had several shortcomings. If they had been accounted for, the result might have been different. Further study should be done with a better experimental design, a larger sample, and a longer experimental duration.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

This study is that the elderly female patients having low back pain(34 people) show a change of stabilization ratio after isotonic rehabilitation of 4 types(before exercise, after 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks). Under the cover of lumbar extension machine, isometric extension strength and stabilization ratio is measured and analyzed at some flexion angles(the degree of $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$). The conclusion is as follows. 1. The maximum lumbar extension strength at a range of 7 angles have an increase of 73.92% in case of 12weeks isotonic exercise(p<.001). 2. After 12weeks exercise, the lumbar flexion angle maximum extension strength, have an higher increase than 54% on the average at all angles(p<.001). These statistically show a meaningful increase of muscular strength. 3. After 12weeks isotonic exercise, the lumbar stabilization ratio have a decrease of 50.27% at a statistically meaningful level(p<.001). In case of 12weeks exercise comparing with 8weeks, the stabilization ratio decrease at the level of 1.85 versus 1. This figure is similar to that of a normal person. In view of this study, 12weeks exercise for the elderly female patients having low back pain has much influence on the change of lumbar stabilization ratio and this is the scientifically verified result of a long term exercise.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.129-139
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqua exercise on women 50 years of age or older with knee degenerative arthritis, and then examining the therapeutic value of aqua exercise in degenerative arthritis of the knee. The subjects of the study were 115 residents 50 years of age or older who had been diagnosed as degenerative arthritis of the knee by doctors from medical institutions and applied for the aqua exercise program in the Public Health Care Center in Suseong-gu in 2006 and 2007. Experiments were conducted to all the subjects with the application of the 8-week aqua exercise program (2 times a week, 50 minutes a time), designed in the study, and the differences before and after the aqua exercise were compared through questionnaires for measuring the state of the body such as the knee extension angles, weight, body fat, and abdominal obesity. The data was analyzed by t-test and the Wilcoxon method through SPSS 14.0 and the statistical significance level ${\alpha}$ was set at 0.05 and 0.01. The results of the study are as the following. First, In comparison of before and after the aqua exercise, there was improvement in the extension angle of the right knee(p<0.01), while there was some improvement in the extension angle of the left knee, it was not significant. Second, In comparison of before and after the aqua exercise there were statistically significant differences in weight(p<0.05), body fat ratio, and abdominal obesity(p<0.01). The results of this study showed that the aqua exercise program to female patients with knee degenerative arthritis significantly increased the extension angle of the knee. Therefore it is thought that aqua exercise is an effective meditating method to improve their symptoms of female patients 50 years of age or older

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2023

Objective: Resistance exercise is a necessary element to improve quality of life, and measurement and evaluation of muscle strength provide important information for prescription and management of rehabilitation and exercise programs. This study analyzed the correlation between direct and indirect 1RM for isokinetic maximum torque of the knee joint in order to provide useful information in the field of exercise programs. In addition, the flexion-extension ratio and the difference in left-right deviation were verified. Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 healthy adult men and women without medical problems who participated in the health exercise class program at S University in Seoul. The correlation between isokinetic maximum torque and direct and indirect 1RM was analyzed, and a dependent t-test was performed to analyze the flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Results: There was a high correlation between the isokinetic maximum torque and direct and indirect 1RM, and no statistically significant difference was shown between the test methods in the analysis of the flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Conclusions: Isokinetic muscle function measuring equipment is expensive, so it is difficult to use it in local exercise rehabilitation and training sites. Through this study, it was found that direct and indirect 1RM isokinetic maximum torque showed a high correlation, and there was no difference in evaluating muscle function such as flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Therefore, it is considered that the muscle function evaluation using 1RM in general field can be usefully utilized.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.78-87
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• 2020

Objectives: In modern society, many people have low back pain (LBP) and spinal diseases. About 80% of them experience severe LBP more than once in their lifetime. We can find studies on many Korean medicine-based treatments, such as acupuncture treatment for LBP and exercise therapy, which are effective in reducing the symptoms. This study focuses on the combined effect of both Korean medicine and exercise therapy for treating LBP. Method: For this review, we searched for articles focusing on pain and disability recovery in pre-clinical and clinical studies of extension and flexion exercise therapy related to LBP. The search databases were as follows: PubMed, Google Scholar, and seven Korean electronic databases (Korea Citation Index (KCI), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Service System (RISS), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), DBPIA, National Digital Science Library (NDSL), and KOREAMED). The keywords were as follows: Korean Medicine, back pain, flexion exercise, extension exercise, McKenzie method, McKenzie exercise, Williams' flexion exercise, and Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy. Results & Conclusions: This review shows the usefulness of flexion and extension exercises for LBP treatment and effective patient education, but further studies are necessary.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate Influence of Stretching exercise on Flexibility of Trunk and Equilibrium Ability in Post-Adolescent. Methods : Stretching group(n=20), control group(n=20) measured trunk extension ROM, trunk flexion ROM, trunk lateral flexion ROM, and equilibrium ability at pre-intervention, post-intervention in 3 weeks, post-intervention in 6 weeks. Results : Trunk extension ROM, trunk flexion ROM, trunk lateral flexion ROM, and equilibrium ability of stretching group was significantly increased within the intervention period (p<.05). The trunk extension ROM, trunk lateral flexion ROM, equilibrium ability was significantly different among the experimental groups at in 3 weeks and in 6 weeks, but trunk flexion ROM was significantly different at only in 6 weeks(p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, it was found stretching exercise can increase Flexibility of Trunk and Equilibrium Ability. stretching exercise need to be applied for Post-Adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate a influence in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise of shoulder adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: The methods of the study was to investigate a change in range of motion (ROM), an increase in ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability questionnaire by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise on 32 patients who were diagnosed with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups who were treated in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and self-assistive ROM exercise group for flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS and disability questionnaire. Both group's flexion, extension, internal ratation, and external rotation levels were significantly different before and after the treatment. And significant statistical decrease in VAS and disability was seen. The extension of the shoulder joint was closely related to external rotation (r=0.84). There was a close relationship between internal rotation and external rotation at the shoulder joint. There was no increased range of extension through the exercise method. However, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS, and disability questionnaire of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation groups were obviously higher than in the self-assisted ROM exercise group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggest that considering Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for the patient who has shoulder adhesive capsulitis in clinic.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the abdominal draw-in exercise (ADIE) and the dead bug exercise (DBE) on the pelvic anterior tilt angle and the activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), erector spinae (ES), and semi tendinosus (ST) during prone hip extension. Methods : A total of 22 female adults with weak abdominal muscles were divided into two groups: ADIE group (n=11) and DBE group (n=11). The muscle activities of the GM, ES, and ST along with the pelvic anterior tilt angle during prone hip extension were measured using a wireless surface electromyograph and gyro sensor before performing the prescribed exercise. Two groups conducted the assigned exercise for 10 minutes. After the exercise, their muscle activities and the pelvic anterior tilt angle were equally re measured. Results : In the DBE group, the muscle activity of GM was significantly increased after the intervention (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of increase in the activity of GM (p>0.05). Moreover, in both groups, the activity of ES and the pelvic anterior tilt angle decreased significantly after the intervention (p<0.05) The decreased quantity in the pelvic anterior tilt angle and in the activity of ES showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). In the activity of ST, there was no significant difference within and between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : Therefore, we suggest that ADIE and DBE are effective for women with weak abdominal muscles since the ES activity and pelvic anterior tilt angle are reduced during prone hip extension.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of Tai-Chi exercise program on joint flexibility for osteoarthritis patients. To evaluate the effects, quasi-experimental study was used for pre and post test with a nonequivalent control group. Method: Fifty-tow subjects participated in the experiment(twenty-seven for experimental group and twenty-five for control group) and they were from two different senior citizen centers in J city. The experiment period was from April 2002 through August 2002. The experiment group took part in Tai-Chi exercise program for eighteen weeks(three times a week for four weeks and five times a week for fourteen week). The exercise was performed for 50 minutes at every time (15 minutes for warm-up, 30 minutes for Tai-Chi exercise, and 5 minutes for ending). In order to pursue study purpose, the SPSS/WIN 8.0 program was chosen for the statistical analysis; ANCOVA was employed in examining test hypothesis; t-test and $x^2$-test were used to examine homogeneity between experimental and control group. Result: The study results were as follows :Score of vertebral joint flexibility increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of wrist joint extension increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of wrist joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of elbow joint extension increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of elbow joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. There was a slight increase of knee joint extension in the Tai-Chi exercise group compared to control group, but without statistical significance. Score of knee joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of ankle plantar flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Conclusion: As shown in the results, Tai-Chi exercise program can be effective nursing intervention for osteoarthritis patient to improve joint flexibility.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess activation and contribution of muscles of the elderly according to increased loading during the arm flexion extension resistance exercise. Surface electromyographic signals were acquired from biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid posterior, pectoralis major and latissimmus dorsi to determine the difference of the activation of specific muscles between the elderly and young. Five elderly and five young males with no musculoskeletal disease volunteered for the study. Electromyographic activities in the muscles were measured during resistance exercise and normalized to the maximum EMG activity recorded in the maximal voluntary static contraction (MVC). Against the increased loading during arm flexion/extension resistance exercises, the young uses muscles evenly but the elderly uses one specific muscle frequently. Contribution of triceps brachii during extension and deltoid posterior during flexion was principal in the elderly.