• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2020

Body positivity has emerged among young social media users with the purpose of enhancing a positive body image. In the social media environment, body positivity is frequently presented in the forms of female models' images and/or words that represent individual attitudes toward the female body. The media effects on female viewers' body image differs based on the viewers' perceptions of their own body size. This experimental study examined how body positivity and types of expression on social media influence women's mood and appearance satisfaction by subjective body size. We randomly assigned to 415 young and middle-aged females to one of six experimental conditions which contained three images and three vignettes, each reflecting non-body positivity, body positivity, and control. We used a 3 (body positivity: non-body positivity vs body positivity vs. control) × 2 (types of body positivity expression on media: images vs vignettes) × 2 (subjective body size: under/normal weight vs overweight/obese) between-subject design. The results of MANCOVA revealed the significant main effects of subjective body size on women's mood and appearance satisfaction. There was a significant interaction effect of body positivity and subjective body size on appearance satisfaction. The stimuli representing body positivity caused positive psychological effects for women who perceive themselves being in the under/normal weight range.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.163-178
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to validate the mediating effects of anger expression types for anxiety on the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders. For the purpose of this study, 114 adolescent school violence offenders and 178 general youths were selected. Through the structural equation model, the mediating effects of anger expression types that are manifested in the path of violent acts of adolescent school violence offenders and general youths are verified. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, for both groups, the same path of violent behavior through anger-in and anger-out was followed: youths repress anger when they have higher anxiety, and when too much anger is repressed, anger-out increases, which results in more violent behaviors. Second, the level of anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders has direct effect on the responsive violent behaviors while the level of anxiety of general youths does not have direct effect on violent behaviors. Third, although the anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders may increase violent behaviors through the paths of acting-in and acting-out, violent behaviors can be reduced by reducing anger-out. Therefore, to reduce the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders, intervention is needed for those who repress their anger due to anxiety; professional education is also required for adolescent school violence offenders to help them control their anger.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.459-470
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the proteolytic hydrolysates of α-lactalbumin (LA), β-lactoglobulin (LG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by alcalase on inflammatory cytokines. The proteolytic hydrolysates were separated into two fraction of peptides, ≤ 10,000 Da and > 10,000 Da, respectively, because various low molecular weight peptides were generated during the hydrolysis reaction time. Among the hydrolysate peptides, BSA (all types), β-LG (> 10,000 Da), and α-LA (> 10,000 Da) showed an inhibitory activity against thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages. α-LA (> 10,000 Da), β-LG (hydrolysates), and BSA (> 10,000 Da) showed an inhibitory activity against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. α-LA (all types), β-LG (hydrolysates, > 10,000 Da), and BSA (> 10,000 Da) showed an inhibitory activity against interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. α-LA (> 10,000 Da), β-LG (> 10,000 Da), and BSA (all types) showed an inhibitory activity against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. α-LA (> 10,000 Da), β-LG (> 10,000 Da), and BSA (all types) showed an inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. The lowest level of TNF-α production was measured with α-LA (> 10,000 Da) and β-LG (> 10,000 Da) for all types, and a similar low level was measured for all types of BSA. The highest level of IL- 6 production was measured with α-LA (≤ 10,000 Da) among α-LA, β-LG, and IL-6. The low level of NO production was similar with α-LA, β-LG, and BSA but not with α-LA (≤ 10,000 Da). These potential peptides from whey protein hydrolysates could be used for food, medicinal, and industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

This study analyzes the trends of photo image components and forms of expression in global fashion advertising photos. First, photo image components are classified into seven categories: location (indoor-outdoor), the model's movement, pose, facial expression, gender, race and number of models. The forms of expression are classified into six categories: direct expression, sensual expression, symbolic expression, storytelling expression, dramatic expression, and sexual expression. With the aforementioned classifications, the trends were studied for three years from 2013 to 2015. The analysis result indicates the following: for the details of photo image components, the portion of indoor photos, static poses and conscious facial expressions was over 60% of the total for every season of the 3 years, while there was a slight increase in the number of models and the diversity of races. For the forms of expression, the sensual expression showed the largest portion accounting for over 50% of the total, followed by direct expression and storytelling expression. The findings from this study show that the trends of photo image components and forms of expression in global fashion advertisements are changing. Therefore, domestic companies will need to develop photo image components and forms of expression in line with the changing global fashion advertisement trends.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.250-258
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• 2007

Typography is the combination of language of formative art. It is indeed the core means of human communication through understanding of language and formative values. Studies began on introduction of various techniques to overcome the phenomenon of the 'reaction of language', which appears as an impediment in delivery and sharing of information as the most fundamental roles. Successively, mobile printing types more readable and effective in delivering of meanings have been developed, thus widely distributed for general use. However, although such printing types might be easily used in image and digital media, such as in computer monitors, screens and mobile phone LCDs, etc., it is in fact difficult to use these printing types in printed surfaces, the traditional medium of information delivery, or in sign systems frequently encountered in our surrounding environment. As a solution for this, it is intended to create an effect of communication closer to dynamic typography expression by approaching visual message delivery system from the essence and substance of the color application, which corresponds to the visual spatial expression effect, the core element of expression in dynamic typography to possess significantly more powerful effect in terms of both message delivery capacity and readability than the conventional means of static typography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.371-385
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• 2013

This study considers types of expression and examines aesthetic characteristics through analyzing designs (such as the Coca-Cola contour bottle as fashion) which has actively progressed in the collaboration of fashion designers and fashion brands. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The types of fashion expression on the Coca-Cola contour bottle are a presentation of diverse fashion images through a digital print expression that allow people-friendly images to be three-dimensional (or by adding a formative element) and the use of accessories or clothes. The symbolism characteristic were first indicated for the aesthetic characteristics on the Coca-Cola contour bottle. Symbolism is indicated through the identification of an implicit meaning towards a specific object. The symbolism of fashion was highlighted by designing the Coca-Cola's contour bottle with a typical material and pattern pursued by fashion designers and fashion brands. Second, the characteristic of playfulness was presented to expresses the instinctive desire in human nature for pleasure. The expression of visual playfulness is emphasized through the combination of item and image or by changing and re-analyzing a form through refuting stereotypes. Third, the characteristic of femininity was shown to express beauty in external image or a woman's delicate and soft inner propensity. Femininity was created by presenting a sensual femininity that recognized the voluminous curve silhouette of the Coca-Cola bottle such as a sexy female body or through the combination of a women's inner beauty with the sensory image of the object.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2004

The influences of impeller types on morphology and protein expression were investigated in a submerged culture of Aspergillus oryzae. The impeller types strongly affected mycelial morphology and protein production in batch and fed-batch fermentations. Cells that were cultured by propeller agitation grew in the form of a pellet, whereas cells that were cultured by turbine agitation grew in a freely dispersed-hyphal manner and in a clumped form. Pellet-grown cells showed high levels of protein production for both the intracellularly heterologous protein (${\beta}$-glucuronidase) and the extracellularly homologous protein (${\alpha}$-amylase). The feeding mode of the carbon source also influenced the morphological distribution and protein expression in fed-batch fermentation of A. oryzae. Pulsed-feeding mainly showed high protein expression and homogeneous distribution of pellet whereas continuous feeding resulted in less protein expression and heterogeneous distribution with pellet and dispersed-hyphae. The pellet growth with propeller agitation paralleling with the pulsed-feeding of carbon source showed a high level of protein production in the submerged fed-batch fermentation of recombinant A. oryzae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.97-110
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• 2014

Animals, as a part of nature, have much influence on children's emotional development and are one of children's favorite subjects of design. This study analyzes the differences in animal expression methods and types of animals, in relation to gender and item based on a collection of children's clothing and accessories that use animal as their theme. The collection consists of 148 clothing and 75 accessories (total of 223 items), which were collected from on-line shopping sites for children's clothes. Analysis results showed the following observations. Animal expression was categorized into four methods: emblem, illustration, character, and pattern.(The most common method was character, followed by pattern, illustration, and emblem. In relation to gender and clothing item, animal expression methods varied widely:(character was the most popular for) boys' t-shirts and accessories, while girls' bottoms and dresses. As for (animal) types, Mammalia was the most common, followed by birds and insects. Dogs and puppies were popular both genders.(However, differences in preferences existed as) boys liked big and wild animals such as bears, tigers, and foxes, while girls liked small and cute animals such as rabbits, cats, owls, and butterflies. Based on these results, six types of animals (rabbits, elephants, large-beaked bird Toco Toucans, fish, penguins, and bees) were selected as themes for kids' vest designs and, among them, three designs were made.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2011

Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectors have been used for gene transfer to a wide variety of cell types in vivo and in vitro. The advantages of adenovirus vectors include the high titer of virus readily obtained in large scale preparations, their ability to transduce dividing and non dividing cells, and the high level of transgene expression. Since adenovirus vectors do not integrate in host cell DNA, there is a lack of insertional mutagenesis. However, many human tumor cells lack expression of the adenovirus 5 receptors and contain areas of hypoxia. In order to identify the pattern of replication and gene expression of oncolytic adenovirus in hypoxic condition, multiple different fiber modified Ads (Ad5F/S11, Ad5F/S35, Ad5F/K7, Ad5F/K21, and Ad5F/RGD) was compared. The replication of all fiber modified adenovirus was inhibited in hypoxic condition in HEK 293 cells, but gene expression has variety on different tumor cell lines and the level of coxackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression. These data suggest that CAR expression pattern and hypoxic condition of tumor are considered for optimal oncolytic adenovirus application.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

This study examined how the characteristics of abstractive form among various contenporary housing architecture have been expressed. The conclusions were: First, abstractive characteristics and types related to from expression of contemporary housing architectures were minimal form and absolute form of geometrical abstraction, plastic form and atypical form of expressive abstraction and mechanical aesthetics of industrial abstraction. Second, the typological form expression characteristics in minimal expression related to geometrical abstraction were simplicity, purity, and the properties of matter, and the characteristics in absolute expression were overlapping, obliqueness and dispensability. On the other hand, plasticity and mobility of materials were distinctive in plastic form expression, and inclination, curve and asymmetry were distinctive in atypical expression. The distinctive nature of mechanical aesthetics related to industrial abstraction included transparency, simplicity and. the properties of matter Funhermore, the study aimed at the understanding of various from expressions showed up in contemporary housing architecture, revealing the aspects of abstractive form expression characteristics.