• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.3.1-3.8
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• 2020

Background: The IGF system plays important roles in controlling growth, development, reproduction, and aging of organisms. Methods: To estimate maturation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, we investigated the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system components and sex-specific genes. To determine the role of the IGF system in the growth and spawning period of female and male oysters, we examined mRNA expression levels of the C. gigas insulin receptor-related receptor (CIR), IGF binding protein complex acid labile subunit (IGFBP_ALS), and molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP), as well as those of vitellogenin (Vg) and receptor-type guanylate cyclase (Gyc76C) in gonads of C. gigas collected between April and October, when sex can be determined visually in this species. Results: We found that MIP, IGFBP_ALS, and CIR mRNA expression levels were dependent on sex and month and were greater in males than in females. CIR and Vg mRNA expression levels were very similar among females, whereas IGF system components and Gyc76C were very similarly expressed among males. The highest expression values were observed in May, when oysters are mature; CIR and Vg mRNA expression levels were highest in females, and those of MIP, IGFBP_ALS, CIR, and Gyc76C were highest in males. Interestingly, we observed a 1:1 proportion of females to males during this period. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IGF system components, as well as Vg and Gyc76C, are associated with sexual maturation in C. gigas.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2011

Objectives : The effects of Extraction after Mixture of Bupleuri Radix and Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of the HPA-Axis system and the Catecholamic system was investigated. Methods : After performing the Forced Swimming Test(FST), the expressions of corticotropin releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN), and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results : The duration of immobility in FST was significantly decreased in A 100(Extraction after Mixture of Bupleuri Radix and Lycii Radicis Cortex, 100mg/kg) and A 400(Extraction after Mixture of Bupleuri Radix and Lycii Radicis Cortex, 400mg/kg)(p<0.001). The expression of CRF in the PVN was shown the tendency to reduce in A100 and A400. The expression of c-Fos in the PVN was shown the tendency to reduce in A100 and A400. The expression of TH in the VTA was shown the tendency to reduce mildly in A100 and A400. The expression of TH in the LC was significantly reduced in A400(p<0.001). And the dose dependent reduction tendency was shown, respectively. Conclusions : According to the results above mentioned, the immobility, c-Fos and CRF expression was reduced at lower dose and was increased at higher dose. Therefore there is contradictory effects on the HPA Axis system in accordance with the dose. But in the effects on the catecholaminergic system, it significantly reduced the expression of TH in the LC. It was validated that the effect on the catecholaminergic system was ruled by Bupleuri Radix rather than Lycii Radicis Cortex via mainly the noradernergic system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1777-1784
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• 2020

To increase the availability of microalgae as producers of valuable compounds, it is necessary to develop novel systems for gene expression regulation. Among the diverse expression systems available in microalgae, none are designed to induce expression by low temperature. In this study, we explored a cold-inducible system using the antifreeze protein (AFP) promoter from a polar diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile. A vector containing the CnAFP promoter (pCnAFP) was generated to regulate nuclear gene expression, and reporter genes (Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and mVenus fluorescent protein (mVenus)) were successfully expressed in the model microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In particular, under the control of pCnAFP, the expression of these genes was increased at low temperature, unlike pAR1, a promoter that is widely used for gene expression in C. reinhardtii. Promoter truncation assays showed that cold inducibility was still present even when pCnAFP was shortened to 600 bp, indicating the presence of a low-temperature response element between -600 and -477 bp. Our results show the availability of new heterologous gene expression systems with cold-inducible promoters and the possibility to find novel low-temperature response factors in microalgae. Through further improvement, this cold-inducible promoter could be used to develop more efficient expression tools.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.449-454
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• 2009

일반적인 물체와 달리 사람의 얼굴은 표정이라는 중요한 시각적 요소를 포함하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 만화가들은 빛에 의한 음영 이외에도, 장면의 분위기와 캐릭터의 특징을 효과적으로 전달하기 위해 특별한 음영을 얼굴에 그려 넣는다. 이러한 음영은 물리적으로 타당하지는 않지만 얼굴의 형태와 표정을 강조하기 때문에 얼굴 표정의 카툰 렌더링에서 반드시 고려해야 할 사항이다. 이 논문에서는 실제 만화가의 음영 표현방식에 착안하여 캐릭터 얼굴을 위한 새로운 카툰 렌더링 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 먼저 다양한 만화 이미지를 수집하여 얼굴의 음영표현을 분석하고, 캐릭터의 표정에 따라 카툰 렌더링을 달리 하기 위해서 음영표현 템플릿을 정의하였다. 그리고 이러한 만화가들의 음영표현방식을 바탕으로 기존의 카툰 렌더링 방법을 발전시켜 효과적으로 캐릭터의 표정을 강조하는 캐릭터 얼굴 카툰 렌더링 시스템을 구현하였다. 마지막으로 사용자평가를 통해 논문에서 제안한 방법의 유용성을 증명한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.903-912
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• 2012

In Erhualian and Yorkshire reciprocal cross $F_1$ pig populations, we examined the mRNA expression characteristic of liver-derived IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGF-2, IGF-2R and IGFBP-3 during the embryonic and postnatal developmental periods (E50, E70, E90, D1, D20, D70, D120 and D180). Our results demonstrated that the IGF-system genes mRNA levels exhibited an ontogenetic expression pattern, which was potentially associated with the porcine embryonic development, postnatal growth, organogenesis and even the initiation and acceleration of puberty. The expression pattern of IGF-system genes showed variation in the reciprocal cross ($F_1$ YE and EY pigs). This study also involved the expression features of imprinted genes IGF-2 and IGF-2R. The parent-of-origin effect of imprinted genes was reflected by their differential expression between the reciprocal crosses populations. The correlation analysis also indicated that the regulatory network and mechanisms involved in the IGF system were a complex issue that needs to be more fully explored. A better understanding of IGF system components and their interactive mechanisms will enable researchers to gain insights not only into animal organogenesis but also into somatic growth development and even reproduction.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2010

본 논문은 실시간 카메라 영상으로부터 얼굴을 검출하고 얼굴 표정을 인식하여 웃음 치료훈련을 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 카메라 영상으로부터 Haar-like 특징을 이용하여 얼굴 후보 영역을 검출한 다음, SVM분류기를 이용하여 얼굴 후보 영역이 얼굴 영상인지 아닌지를 검증한다. 그 다음에는 검출된 얼굴 영상에 대해, 조명의 영향을 최소화하기 위한 방법으로 히스토그램 매칭을 이용한 조명 정규화를 수행한다. 표정 인식 단계에서는 PCA를 사용하여 얼굴 특징 벡터를 획득한 후 다층퍼셉트론 인공신경망을 이용해 실시간으로 웃음표정을 인식하였다. 본 논문에서 개발된 시스템은 실시간으로 사용자의 웃음 표정을 인식하여 웃음 양을 화면에 표시해 줌으로써 사용자 스스로 웃음 훈련을 할 수 있게 해 준다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 SVM 분류기를 통한 얼굴 후보 영역 검증과 히스토그램 매칭을 이용한 조명정규화를 이용하여 웃음 표정 인식률을 향상시켰다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2014

A lysozyme gene from breast of Tibetan sheep was successfully expressed by secretion using a-factor signal sequence in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris GS115. An expression yield and specific activity greater than 500 mg/L and 4,000 U/mg was obtained. Results at optimal pH and temperature showed recombinant lysozyme has higher lytic activity at pH 6.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. This study demonstrates the successful expression of recombinant lysozyme using the eukaryotic host organism P. pastoris paving the way for protein engineering. Additionally, this study shows the feasibility of subsequent industrial manufacture of the enzyme with this expression system together with a high purity scheme for easy high-yield purification.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2010

Tracking human facial expression within a video image has many useful applications, such as surveillance and teleconferencing, etc. Initially, the Active Appearance Model (AAM) was proposed for facial recognition; however, it turns out that the AAM has many advantages as regards continuous facial expression recognition. We have implemented a continuous facial expression recognition system using the AAM. In this study, we adopt an independent AAM using the Inverse Compositional Image Alignment method. The system was evaluated using the standard Cohn-Kanade facial expression database, the results of which show that it could have numerous potential applications.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

사람과 로봇의 인터랙션에 있어 정서의 역할은 중요하다. 그러므로 사람과 유사한 정서 메커니즘이 로봇에게 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사람의 정서에 대한 심리적 연구를 바탕으로 사람의 내적 요소에 기반한 새로운 인공 정서 표현 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 external stimulus, emotion, mood, personality, tendency, machine rhythm 의 6가지 정보 요소를 활용하며, 각 요소들은 그들의 특성에 따라 결과적으로 emotion 표현 패턴의 변화에 영향을 준다. 그 결과 통일한 외부 자극들은 내적 상태에 따라 emotion의 변화를 만들어 낸다. 제안된 시스템은 사람과 로봇의 자연스러운 인터랙션을 유지하고, 친밀한 관계를 형성할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것이다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2011

The Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky's disease (AD), is an infectious viral disease caused by an alpha herpes virus and has domestic and wild pigs, as well as a wide range of domestic and wild animals, as the natural host. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) virions contain several envelope glycoproteins. Among them, gB, gC and gD are regarded as the major immunogenic proteins. We expressed these glycoproteins using the bacterial expression system and analyzed recombinant proteins. Expression of glycoproteins gC and gD were observed on SDS-PAGE or Western blot analysis, but gB was not. Optimal concentration of IPTG and inducing time were determined as 1.0 mM and 4 h, respectively, for the expression of both gC and gD in E. coli. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was the most efficient detergent in solubilizing insoluble recombinant protein.