• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.25
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• pp.243-273
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• 2008

A new research paradigm is emerging within organizational behavior, in both theory and empiricism, based on the increasing recognition of the importance of emotions to organizational life. This paper suggest that emotion intelligence play a moderate variables in relationship of emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. More specifically, it is proposed that emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage emotions in the employee self and others, contribute to effective emotions management in organizations. Four major aspects of emotion labor, appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself, appraisal and recognition of emotion in others, regulation of emotion in oneself and use of emotion to facilitate performance, are described. Also, the emotional intelligence are consists of four aspects, frequency of appropriate emotional display, attentiveness to required displayed rules, variety of emotions to be displayed and emotional dissonance. Then I propose how emotional intelligence contributes to of relations the emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of emotion labor to employee's emotional exhaustion to explore the moderating effects of the emotional intelligence between the emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. To complete the research the data were collected through a questionnaire from 147 employees from service company. After multi-hierarchical regression analysis, the outcomes of this study are the employee's emotional exhaustion are affected negatively by the three factors: major aspects of emotion labor, regulation of emotion in oneself, use of emotion to facilitate performance, make the moderation effect between emotion labor and emotional intelligence. These results indicate that instilling in others an appreciation of the importance of work activities: encouraging of true expression individual emotions, generating and maintaining well emotional climate and cooperation situations, and managing a meaningful environment for an organizational life.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.13-18
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• 2015

Purpose - Based on previous studies, this study extends current research and investigates whether the sub-factors of emotional intelligence increase job satisfaction or employee intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and perceived organizational support. Research design, data, and methodology - This study categorizes service employees' (consultants) emotional intelligence into four sub-factors: regulation of emotion, appraisal of emotion, utilization of emotion, and expression of emotion. The study then investigates the sub-factor effects on job satisfaction. A total of 353 valid questionnaires were collected. Results - The results of the path analysis showed that appraisal, utilization, and expression of emotion had a positive effect on intrinsic motivation, and utilization of emotion had a positive effect on extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation had a positive effect on perceived organizational support and job satisfaction, and perceived organizational support had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Conclusion - As consultants' utilization of emotion is rendered as the ability to use emotion to improve performance, the conclusion is that such factors as monetary performance incentives are important in order to boost job satisfaction of the consultants.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

Emojis and avatars are widely used in online communications, but their emotional conveyance lacks research. This study aims to contribute to the field of emotional expression in computer-mediated communication (CMC) by exploring the effectiveness of emotion recognition, the intensity of perceived emotions, and the perceived preferences for emojis and avatars as emotional expression tools. The following were used as stimuli: 12 photographs from the Yonsei-Face database, 12 Memojis that reflected the photographs, and 6 iOS emojis. The results of this study indicate that emojis outperformed other forms of emotional expression in terms of conveying emotions, intensity, and preference. Indeed, the study findings confirm that emojis remain the dominant form of emotional signals in CMC. In contrast, the study revealed that Memojis were inadequate as an expressive emotional cue. Participants did not perceive Memojis to effectively convey emotions compared with other forms of expression, such as emojis or real human faces. This suggests room for improvement in the design and implementation of Memojis to enhance their effectiveness in accurately conveying intended emotions. Addressing the limitations of Memojis and exploring ways to optimize their emotional expressiveness necessitate further research and development in avatar design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.476-483
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to make a suitable images for korean emotional expressions. KSFI(Korean Standard Facial Image)-AUs was produced from korean standard apperance and FACS(Facial Action coding system)-AUs. For the objectivity of KSFI, the survey was examined about emotion recognition rate and contribution of emotion recognition in facial elements from six-basic emotional expression images(sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, anger and surprise). As a result of the experiment, the images of happiness, surprise, sadness and anger which had shown higher accuracy. Also, emotional recognition rate was mainly decided by the facial element of eyes and a mouth. Through the result of this study, KSFI contents which could be combined AU images was proposed. In this future, KSFI would be helpful contents to improve emotion recognition rate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.125-133
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• 2009

As interactivity is becoming one of the key success factors in today's digital communication environment, increasing emphasis is being placed on technologies for user-oriented emotion expression. We aim for development of enabling technologies for creation of emotional characters who can express personalized emotions in real-time. In this paper, we conduct a survey on domestic and international researches and case studies for emotional characters with a focus on facial expression. The survey result is believed to have its meaning as a guideline for future research direction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.177-185
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to use as the basic data for design method in commercial space. So, we analyzed whether any emotion was induced by finishing materials in the commercial space. And we was to suggest expression methods of finish materials to induce in the emotional space. The results of this study are as follows : First, we could know that the emotional design is needed to enhance satisfaction of consumers. The role of finishing material is very important in emotional expression in the commercial space. Second, we extracted the adjectives vocabulary(14 pairs) to evaluate the space emotion. we could educe the four kinds of space emotion by Factor Analysis. In addition, we could arrange the emotional words to represent each space type(Decoration : 5 pairs, Expand : 4 pairs, Limitation : 3 pairs, Hierarchy : 2 pairs). Third, to use finishing materials and wall is very effective to induce the emotion in the emotional space. To use the color is good among the elements of finishing materials. Fourth, We could find that the center of the types of emotional space was induced with the boundary and the decoration. If we use contrasting colors and accent colors in the commercial space, we can induce the center and the boundary together. And if we use colorful or unusual patterns, we can induce the center and the decoration together. Fifth, To induce the expand, we should finish with one color in space. And To induce the center, we should finish with one type of the color or pattern and then we should partially use the contrast color and special pattern. the case of boundary, it is good method to part emphasize by color, texture and materials. And we can induce the decoration with materials and patterns.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.483-498
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• 2010

This study is to examine the effects of emotion regulation strategies in facial expressions and emotional experiences, based on the facial expressions of groups, using antecedent- and response- focused regulation. 50 female undergraduate students were instructed to use different emotion regulation strategies during the viewing of a disgust inducing film. While watching, their facial expressions and emotional experiences were measured. As a result, participants showed the highest frequency of action units related to disgust in the EG(expression group), and they reported in the following order of DG(expressive dissonance group), CG(cognitive reappraisal group), and SG(expressive suppression group). Also, the upper region of the face reflected real emotions. In this region, the frequency of action units related to disgust were lower in the CG than in the EG or DG. The results of the PANAS indicated the largest decrease of positive emotions reported in the DG, but an increase of positive emotions reported in the CG. This study suggests that cognitive reappraisal to an event is a more functional emotion regulation strategy compared to other strategies related to facial expression and emotional experience that affect emotion regulation strategies.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.7 s.110
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• pp.653-662
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• 2006

In ubiquitous computing that is to build computing environments to provide proper services according to user's context, human being's emotion recognition based on facial expression is used as essential means of HCI in order to make man-machine interaction more efficient and to do user's context-awareness. This paper addresses a problem of rigidly basic emotion recognition in context-sensitive facial expressions through a new Bayesian classifier. The task for emotion recognition of facial expressions consists of two steps, where the extraction step of facial feature is based on a color-histogram method and the classification step employs a new Bayesian teaming algorithm in performing efficient training and test. New context-sensitive Bayesian learning algorithm of EADF(Extended Assumed-Density Filtering) is proposed to recognize more exact emotions as it utilizes different classifier complexities for different contexts. Experimental results show an expression classification accuracy of over 91% on the test database and achieve the error rate of 10.6% by modeling facial expression as hidden context.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2002

Activities of venter frontalis, corrugator, levator labii superioris and greater zygomatic muscles were measured for five male subjects while they made pleasant, unpleasant and neutral facial expressions, and while they were presented pleasant, disgusting, and neutral odors. Pleasant expression and odor activated zygomatic muscles while unpleasant expression and odor increased corrugator muscle activity.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2024

This study examined how emotion regulation strategies specifically function in the interpersonal conflict coping strategies of engineering students. For this purpose, a interpersonal conflict coping strategies and emotion regulation strategies scale was used for 548 engineering students. Multiple regression analysis was conducted. Among the emotion regulation strategies, the "return to body" strategy was related to understanding, validation, focusing, and the "stop action" strategy. In particular, the "stop action" strategy was closely related only to the "return to body" strategy. Among interpersonal conflict coping strategies, the dominating strategy used both positive emotion regulation strategies, such as high refocus on planning, and negative emotion regulation strategies, such as other-blame. Additionally, among negative conflict coping strategies, it was confirmed that both aggression and negative emotional expression, which seem to have similar attributes, share a common feature of having high difficulty in emotional clarity. However, in the case of negative emotional expression, it is characterized by a lack of putting into perspective and high other-blame. On the other hand, the agression strategy seemed to have different characteristics, such as high self-blame and low return to body. By investigating the relationship between interpersonal conflict coping strategies and specific emotion regulation strategies, this study provides implications for education and intervention on which specific emotion regulation strategies need to be cultivated for engineering students to improve their interpersonal conflict resolution capabilities.