• Title/Summary/Keyword: exploitation

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The Exploitation of World Fishery Resources for 10 Years under the New Regime in the Sea (신해양질서 10년후 세계어업자원 이용동향)

  • 이장욱;허영희
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.43-87
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    • 1992
  • In this paper, state of exploitation of world fishery resources after 10 years under the new regime in the sea, called the era of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) expending up to a 200 nautical miles from coastal line, was reviewed to determine effect from establishing EEZ in the world fishery production and its export/import volume based on the fishery statistics annually published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation. The world total production from marine living resources had a trend showing a waned increase during 1970's when most of coastal states were translated into the reality of EEZ. From mid-1980's onwards, it increased rapidly, reaching about 85 million tons . Such increase in production was basically from the Pacific Ocean, accounting for more than 60% of the world total production. Fishing areas where showed increase in the production after the new regime in the sea were the southwestern Atlantic (FAO area 41) , the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) and the whole fishing areas in the Pacific except the eastern central Pacific (FAO area 77). Increase in the production from distant-water fishing countries came from the regions of the southwest Atlantic (FAO area 41) and the southwest Pacific (FAO area 81) . The production from coastal states was up from the regions of the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) , the northwest and northeast Pacific (FAO areas 61 and 67) and the southeast Pacific (FAO area 87) . It was likely that the exploitation of the fishable stocks was well monitored in the areas of the northwest Atlantic (FAO area 21) , the eastern central Atlantic (FAO area 34) and the northeast Pacific (FAO area 67) through appropriate management measures such as annual harvest level, establishment of total allowable catch etc. The marine fisheries resources that have made contribution to the world production, despite expansion of 200 EEZ by coastal states, were sardinellas, Atlantic cod, blue whiting and squids in the Atlantic Ocean : tunas which mainly include skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna, croakers and pony fishes in the Indian Ocean : and sardine, Chilean pilchard, Alaska pollock, tunas (skipjack and yellowfin tuna) , blue grenadier and blue whiting including anchoveta in the Pacific Ocean. It was identified that both fishery production and its export since introduction of the new regime in the sea were dominated by such coastal states as USA, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Newzealand. But difficulties have been experienced in the European countries including Norway, Spain, Japan and Rep. of Korea. Therefore, majority of coastal states are unlikely to have yet undertaken proper utilization as well as rational management of marine living resources in their jurisdiction during the last two decades. The main target species groups which led the world fishery production to go up were Alaska pollock, cods, tunas, sardinellas, chub and jack mackerel and anchoveta. These stocks are largely expected to continue to contribute to the production. The fisheries resources which are unexploited, underexploited and/or lightly exploited at present and which will be contributed to the world production in future are identified with cephalopods, Pacific jack mackerel and Atlantic mackerel, silver hake including anchovies. These resources mainly distribute in the Pacific regions, especially FAO statistical fishing areas 67, 77 and 87. It was likely to premature to conclude that the new regime in the sea was only in favour of coastal states in fishey production.

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Technology and Exploitation : Limitation of Capitalist Technological Development (과학기술과 착취 : 자본주도형 기술 개발의 한계)

  • Shin, Eun-hwa
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.146
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    • pp.115-135
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    • 2018
  • This article attempts to deal with the problem that science and technology function as a mechanism to oppress and exploit humans rather than to release humans from labor. To explore this subject, it is necessary to consider the difference between the theory of labor value and the theory of 'technology value'. In addition, it is also important to refer to Marx's critical view of the 'capitalist' use of technology. Above all, Marx' concepts of relative surplus value and special surplus value, and his analysis of organic composition of capital are still valid in explaining that development of technology tightens control over workers and intensity of labor, and worsens instability of employment. Reflection of the limitations of capitalist development of technology is also important for realization of its usefulness. Industry 4.0 in Germany therefore deserves to be noticed as a good example because it shows a different way from extreme capitalist exploitation. The model suggests also some points that shouldn't be overlooked, when we try to actualize the tremendous slogan of the current fourth industrial revolution as real innovation and progress in human life. In this matter, the most important point is the possibility of technological development that doesn't oppose workers' interests.

A Study on Land Extortion by Japanese Emperor and the Land Survey of Japanese Names (일제의 토지수탈과 일본식 명의 토지조사에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Young-Jae;Moon, Dong-il;Kim, Hyun-Jae
    • Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.189-202
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    • 2020
  • The land under Japanese-type names remains in the Korean cadastral record as an official register due to land exploitation, land and field survey programs, and the forceful name-changing system of Japan during its colonial era. This research aims to find a measure to survey and organize such land. Research details are as follows. First, this research put together the purpose and status of land exploitation in the Japanese colonial era. Japan wanted to reduce its population through agricultural emigration of the Japanese and increase food supply by producing more crops in Joseon. Therefore, land of three southern provinces, the breadbasket of Korea, was intensively plundered. Secondly, this research organized how Joseon people changed their surnames into Japanese-style ones. The initially voluntary name-changing system became mandatory and about 3.22 million households (79.3%) reported the change of their names. Thirdly, this research established a process to survey land under Japanese-style names. Fourthly, this research yielded visible outcomes as a result of the pilot program. Especially, it revealed 718 lots as land under Japanese-style names and 8 lots as land under the names of Japanese. Fifthly, this research presented internal & external collaboration and cooperation measures for surveys.

Impact of Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum Exploitation on Fern Richness and Biomass Potential in the Semi-Deciduous Rain Forest of Cameroon

  • Cedric, Chimi Djomo;Nfornkah, Barnabas Neba;Louis-Paul-Roger, Kabelong Banoho;Kevine, Tsoupoh Kemnang Mikelle;Awazi, Nyong Princely;Forje, Gadinga Walter;Louis, Zapfack
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.184-194
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    • 2022
  • Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum is the plant species most affected by logging activities in the East Region of Cameroon due to its market value. This logging has impacted the ecological niche of the fern plant for which limited research has been done. The aim of this study is to contribute towards improving knowledge of fern richness and biomass on T. scleroxylon within the Central African sub-region. Fern data collection was done on 20 felled/harvested T. scleroxylon where, in addition to fern inventory, fern biomass was collected by the destructive method. The diameter and height of T. scleroxylon measured were used as explanatory variables in allometric equations for fern biomass estimation. Fern inventory was characterized using diversity index. Eight fern species were recorded on T. scleroxylon (≈5 species/T. scleroxylon). The minimum diameter where fern could be found is 59.4 cm. The average fern biomass found was 23.62 kg/T. scleroxylon. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation (r>0.55) between fern biomass and T. scleroxylon diameter. For allometric equation, the logarithmic model improved better the adjustment than the non-logarithmic model. However, the quality of the adjustment is improved more when only the diameter is considered as an explanatory variable. Fern biomass is estimated to 90.08 kg/ha-1 with 76.02 kg/ha-1 being lost due to T. scleroxylon exploitation in the study area. This study is a contribution towards increasing knowledge of fern diversity specific to T. scleroxylon, and also fern biomass contribution to climate change mitigation and the potential carbon loss due to T. scleroxylon exploitation.

Acoustic-based estimation of fish stocks in Widas Reservoir, East Java, Indonesia

  • Siti Nurul Aida;Agus Djoko Utomo;Safran Makmur;Tuah Nanda M. Wulandari;Khoirul Fatah;Yosmaniar;Indra Suharman;Ulung Jantama Wisha
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.240-255
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    • 2024
  • Widas Reservoir is situated in an area of 570 ha in the Pajaran Village, Madiun Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, playing an essential role in fisheries, with the average fish catch per year of about 283 tons/year. This study explores the standing stock, growth parameters, mortality, and exploitation rates of several dominant fishes in Widas Reservoir. This study was carried out from February to November 2019. Fish stocks were estimated using acoustic tools, fish catch records, and sizes collected by local enumerators. Fish length frequency sampling was conducted on several dominant fish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Barbonymus gonionotus, and Osteochilus vittatus. Based on the length-frequency data, estimating fish population dynamics, the fish population dynamics (infinitive length (L) and growth coefficient (K)) estimation was run in a time series using the Fish Sock Analysis Tool, II (FISAT II) program package. Moreover, the estimation of natural mortality parameters, the fishing mortality parameter, and the exploitation rate was also performed. The approximated overall fish stock in the Widas Reservoir was about 79,848 kg, which lowered with the increase in water depth. Of particular concern, in the surface layer at a depth between 1-5 m, the fish stock reached 58,813 kg, while in the deeper zone (> 15 m), the value significantly lowered by about 98%, reaching 1,219 kg. These results indicate an overfishing in the Widas Reservoir. The value of the exploitation rate (E) of B. gonionotus was 0.748, O. niloticus 0.8, and O. vittatus 0.7, respectively, proving the overfishing states occurred in the study area. Therefore, regulations governing the number of catches and the use of fishing gear are crucial in Widas Reservoir, particularly the use of lift and gill nets with a mesh size of less than 2 cm.

Problem Solving Environment for Cognitive Support Imagery Exploitation (인지적 형상 추출을 위한 문제 해결 환경)

  • 조영기;백성욱;김상수;조주상;장철호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2004.10b
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    • pp.532-534
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문은 분석가들에게 Naive Geography에 기반 한 형상 추출기술과 상식적 공간추론 기술을 제공하는 문제 해결 환경인 NG Analyst의 개발 사례에 대해 다뤘다. 지형과 각각의 객체에 대한 구성 정보는 분산된 지형공간의 지식을 사실적으로 묘사하는 추론집합에 의해 표현되며 사용자가 형상정보를 인지적으로 이해할 수 있도록 3차원으로 표현한다. 여러 그래픽 적인 요소들로 표현된 Naive Geography 정보들은 분석가들에게 실세계의 공간과 객체들을 유사하게 구성하여 제공함으로서 직관적으로 이해하고 상호작용 할 수 있는 문제 해결 환경을 제공한다.

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Vulnerability assessment by the difficulty of exploitation (이용 난이도에 따른 취약점 평가 방법)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Song, Joo-Seok
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 2001.10b
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    • pp.947-950
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    • 2001
  • 프로그램들은 밝혀지거나 잠재적인 취약점을 가지고 있으며, 취약점 데이터베이스는 취약점에서 얻어진 정보를 분류하여 저장하고 있다. 그러나 취약점 데이터베이스의 정보만으로는 취약점을 이용하기 위한 난이도에 대한 평가를 한 수가 없다. 본 논문에서는 취약점의 여러 속성의 조합을 통한 이용 난이도에 따른 취약점의 평가 방법을 제시한다. 이용 난이도가 높을수록 그 취약점을 이용한 공격이 어려울 것이며, 이에 따라 공격자의 수준을 나눌 수 있다.

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Closed Forging of Car Gear Blanks on Hot Die Presses

  • yujian Wu;tingsong Wu;yipping Zhao;ji Li
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2003
  • This article mainly introduces the research of closed forging on 20MN hot die forging presses. After transforming of the equipments, optimizing of die design and improving of die-manufacturing precision, gear blanks used in car gearbox have been forged out without fins successfully.

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System State Identification using Transmission Loss (송전손실에 의한 전력시스템의 상태식별법)

  • Lee, Hyung-Soo;Shim, Keon-Bo;Lee, Bong-Yong
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1992.07a
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    • pp.196-200
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    • 1992
  • Transmission loss retains a complete set of system state information. If we could exploit its behavior, we could find various useful applications. This study is a such exploitation to find same possibilities of the loss application. It seems to have very prospective possibilities. It has been tried to establish some network indices to indicate operation margin. And further some prospective applications are suggested.

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NONSELECTIVE HARVESTING OF A PEY-PREDATOR COMMUNITY WITH

  • Ghosh, Dipanwita;Sarkar, A.K.
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.823-834
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    • 1999
  • The present paper deals with the problem of nonselective harvesting in a partly infecte prey and predator system in which both the suseptible prey and the predator follow the law of logistic growth and some preys avoid predation by hiding. The dynamical behaviour of the system has been studied in both the local and global sense. The optimal policy of exploitation has been derived by using Pontraygin's maximal principle. Numerical analysis and computer simulation of the results have been performed to inverstigate the global properties of the system.