• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2001

Purpose : To determine the change of effects of nursing ethics education on the nurses' ethical decision making with the time relapse of one month, three months and six months. Method : Thirteen participated in free discussion group, and fourteen participated in expert-guided discussion group for five weeks. Two weeks before the education, DIT and JAND were assessed, and JAND was assessed again on month, three months and six months after the five weeks' education program. Results : 1) Average realistic scores of JAND did not showed significant differences as times went by. However, scores were highest at three months after the education in general. 2) In both of free discussion and expert-guided discussion group, JAND score increased after the education, and highest at three months in general. 3) Low level moral development group showed highest scores at one month after the education, and declined at three month. However, in middle and high level of moral development groups, scores were higher at three months than at one month after the education. Scores were declined again at six months after the education. Conclusion : Effects of moral education program were highest at three months after the education, and were lessened as times went by. Especially for the low moral development group, effect was not continued more than one month. Therefore, more persistent, periodic education program was required until the ability of ethical decision making is settled down.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Process planning (selection and ordering of processes) and material selection for product manufacturing are two key things determined before taking full-scale manufacturing. Knowledge on product design. material characteristics, processes, time and cost all-together are mutually related and should be considered concurrently. Due to the complexity of problem, human experts have got only one of the feasilbe solutions with their field knowledge and experiences. We propose a hierarchical expert system framework of knowledge representation and reasoning in order to overcome the complexity. Manufacturing processes have inherently hierarchical relationships, from top level processes to bottom level operation processes. Process plan of one level is posted in process blackboard and used for lower level process planning. Process information on blackboard is also used to adjust the process plan in order to resolve the dead-end or inconsistency situation during reasoning. Decision variables for process, material, tool, time and cost are represented as object frames, and their relationships are represented as constraints and rules. Constraints are for relationship among variables such as compatibility, numerical inequality etc. Rules are for causal relationships among variables to reflect human expert\`s knowledge such as process precedence. CRSP(Constraint and Rule Satisfaction Problem) approach is adopted in order to obtain solution to satisfy both constraints and rules. The trade-off procedure gives user chances to see the impact of change of important variables such as material, cost, time and helps to determine the preferred solution. We developed the prototype system using visual C++ MFC, UNIK, and UNlK-CRSP on PC.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.355-359
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• 2007

과학기술 정책 입안 과정에서 정부 및 공공기관에서는 다양한 분야의 과학, 기술 및 정책 전문가를 필요로 한다. 이러한 전문가를 선정하는데 있어서 선정의 공정성, 다양성 그리고 선정자의 전문성을 보장하는 것이 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 과학기술 정책 전문가 인력 데이터베이스를 관리하고 나아가 과학기술 정책 전문가를 과학기술 관련 위원회에 추천하고, 해당 위원회의 구성, 위원 선정 및 위원회 개최의 관리 등에 걸친 전반적인 범위의 서비스를 시스템적으로 접근하는 방법론을 대상으로 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.641-655
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• 1998

급속한 도시화의 영향에 따른 수자원 및 환경문제를 보다 효율적으로 해결하기 위하여 전문가 시스템의 개발 및 적용방안을 제안하였다. 이에 따라 도시유역의 유출 및 수질에 영향을 미치는 주요 매개변수들을 선별하고 민감도 분석 등을 통해 그 거동특성을 제시하였으며, 이러한 특성들을 바탕으로 효과적 매개변수 결정법칙 등을 제안하였다. CLIPS 6.0을 적용하여 ‘사실’과‘규칙’을 기본으로 한 전문가 시스템 ESPE를 개발하였으며, 이를 안양천 유역에 적용하였다. 결과적으로 유출관련 매개변수들의 추정결과를 매우 적용성이 높았으나, 수질관련 매개변수들의 추정결과는 그 모의과정의 복잡성과 의사결정 규칙의 부족 등으로 인하여 제시된 방법들에 대한 개선의 필요가 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Automatic vessel collision-avoidance systems have been studied in the fields of artificial intelligence and navigation for decades. And to facilitate automatic collision-avoidance decision-making in two-vessel-encounter situation, several expert and fuzzy expert systems have been developed. However, none of them can negotiate with each other as seafarers usually do when they intend to make a more economic overall plan of collision avoidance in the COLREGS-COST-HIGH situations where collision avoidance following the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(COLREGS) costs too much. Automatic Identification System(AIS) makes data communication between two vessels possible, and negotiation methods can be used to optimize vessel collision avoidance. In this paper, a negotiation framework is put forward to enable vessels to negotiate to optimize collision avoidance in the COLREGS-COST-HIGH situations at open sea. A vessel vector space is defined and therewith a cost model is put forward to evaluate the cost of collision-avoidance actions. Negotiations between a give-way vessel and a stand-on vessel and between two give-way vessels are considered respectively to reach overall low cost agreements. With the framework proposed in this paper, two vessels involved in a COLREGS-COST-HIGH situation can negotiate with each other to get a more economic overall plan of collision avoidance than that suggested by the traditional collision-avoidance expert systems.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2022

Pandemic situations such as COVID-19 can occur supply chain crisis. Under the supply chain crisis, delivering farm products from the farm to the city is also very challenging. Therefore it is essential to prepare food sufficiency people who live in a city. We firmly insist on food self-production/consumption systems in each home. However, since it is impossible to grow high-quality crops without expertise knowledge. Therefore expert system is essential to grow high-quality crops in home. To address this problem, we propose a smart kitchen farm as a data-based monitoring system and platform with ICT convergence technology. Our proposed approach 1) collects data and makes judgments based on expert knowledge for home users, 2) increases product quality of the smart kitchen farms by predicting abnormal/normal crops, and 3) controls each personal home cultivation environment through data-based monitoring within the smart central server. We expect people can cultivate high-quality crops in thir kitchens through this system without expert knowledge about cultivation.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1981

As enterprises are getting bigger and bigger and more competecious, an engineering economy for the maximization of profit based on basic theory must be considered. This thesis present dynamic computer model for the decision which controls complicated and various man- machine system optimally. This model occur in general stage can be adaptable to every kind of enterprises. So, any one who has no expert knowledge is able to get the optimal solution. And decision tree used in this paper can be applied in every kinds of academic circles as well as whole the industrial world. This paper studied optimal management of engineering project based upon basic theory of engineering economy. It introduces and functionizes the variables which generalize every possible elements, set up a model in order to find out the variable which maximize the calculated value among many other variables. And the selected values ate used as decision- marking variables for the optimal management of engineering projects. It found out some problem of this model. They are : 1. In some kinds of man-machine system it refers to Probability, but other case, it depends on only experimental probability. 2. Unless decision making process (decision tree) goes on, this model can not be applied. So these cases, this paper says, can be solved by adapting finite decision tree which is analyzed by using the same technic as those in product introduction problem. And this paper set up the computer model in order to control every procedure quickly and optimally, using Fortran IV.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

The decision-making process is the act of finding the best solution among various alternatives through comparison between various criteria based on objectives of the project, evaluation standard, and conditions. However, in practice it is not easy to simply decide the optimum decision, especially for selecting malfunctioning reservoirs because no systematic evaluation criteria or standard assessment process are available. Therefore, this study adopted AHP method, which is a MCDM (multi-criteria decision making technique) to identify the malfunctioning reservoirs for efficient management of reservoirs. Important criteria of the selection of malfunctioning reservoirs and priority weights of each criteria were determined based on results of expert's survey under a stepwise hierarchical approach. The most important factor for the decision of malfunctioning reservoirs was obtained as Reservoir efficiency among the selected criteria including Reservoir efficiency decrease, Disaster Risk, Reservoir efficiency, Available water storage, Future water demand, Resident Needs. The AHP technique was applied on 11 reservoirs in Andong region to verify its applicability. Scoring method was applied for the comparison with the results of AHP method.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1496-1515
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• 2017

One of the most visible developments in Decision Support Systems (DSS) was the emergence of rule-based expert systems. Hence, despite their success in many sectors, developers of Medical Rule-Based Systems have met several critical problems. Firstly, the rules are related to a clearly stated subject. Secondly, a rule-based system can only learn by updating of its rule-base, since it requires explicit knowledge of the used domain. Solutions to these problems have been sought through improved techniques and tools, improved development paradigms, knowledge modeling languages and ontology, as well as advanced reasoning techniques such as case-based reasoning (CBR) which is well suited to provide decision support in the healthcare setting. However, using CBR reveals some drawbacks, mainly in its interrelated tasks: the retrieval and the adaptation. For the retrieval task, a major drawback raises when several similar cases are found and consequently several solutions. Hence, a choice for the best solution must be done. To overcome these limitations, numerous useful works related to the retrieval task were conducted with simple and convenient procedures or by combining CBR with other techniques. Through this paper, we provide a combining approach using the multi-criteria analysis (MCA) to help, the traditional retrieval task of CBR, in choosing the best solution. Afterwards, we integrate this approach in a decision model to support medical decision. We present, also, some preliminary results and suggestions to extend our approach.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2014

최근 엘리베이터 급발진 사고로 인해 엘리베이터 시스템 안전에 대한 필요성과 관심이 더욱 집중되고 있고 또한 전통산업의 고도화를 위한 노력으로 IT융합이 다양한 분야로 확대되고 있다. 안전에 대한 개념을 위험요소를 찾아내어 그 요인을 최소화하는 것으로, 엘리베이터 설치에 대한 기준 및 관련 법규를 살펴본 뒤, 전문가의 의사결정을 통해 엘리베이터 시스템의 안전을 위협하는 요인을 확인하였다. 이용자과실 부주의 및 융합적 오류를 안전을 위협하는 요인으로 추출하여 IT융합기술을 도입한 엘리베이터 관리시스템 기술을 보안책으로 제시할 시 기대되는 효과에 대해 전문가의 의사결정을 통해 신뢰성 검증을 하고 이를 구체적 대안으로 제시한다.