• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2019

Predictions about shrinkage and creep of concrete are very important for evaluating time-dependent effects on structural performance. Some prediction models and formulas of concrete shrinkage and creep have been proposed with diversity. However, the influence of reinforcement ratio on shrinkage and creep of concrete has been ignored in most prediction models and formulas. In this paper, the concrete shrinkage and creep with different ratios of reinforcement were studied. Firstly, the shrinkage performance was tested by the 10 reinforced concrete beams specimens with different reinforcement ratios for 200 days. Meanwhile, the creep performance was tested by the 5 reinforced concrete beams specimens with different ratios of reinforcement under sustained load for 200 days. Then, the test results were compared with the prediction models and formulas of CEB-FIP 90, ACI 209, GL 2000 and JTG D 62-2004. At last, based on ACI 209, an improved prediction models and formulas of concrete shrinkage and creep considering reinforcement ratio was derived. The results from improved prediction models and formulas of concrete shrinkage and creep are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제6권
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• pp.1-11
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• 1995

A plunge pool is often employed as an energy-dissipating device at the end of a spillway or a pipe culvert. A jet from spillways or pipes frequently generates a scour hole which threaten the stability of the hydraulic structure. Existing scour prediction formulas of plunge pool of spillways or pipe culverts give a wide range of scour depths, and it is, therefore, difficult to accurately predict those scour depths. In this study, a new experimental method and new sour prediction formulas under submerged circular jet for large bed materials with shallow tailwater depths were developed. A major variable, which was not used in previous scour prediction equations, was the ratio of jet size to bed material size. In this study, jet momentum acting on a bed particle and jet diffustion theory were employed to derive scour prediction formulas. Four theoretical formulas were suggested for the two regions of jet diffusion, i.e., the region of flow establishment and the region of established flow. The semi-theoretically developed scour prediction formulas showed close agreement with laboratory experiments performed on movable bed made of large spherical particles.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.177-190
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• 1998

The concentrations of air pollutants In large cities such as Pusan area have been increased every year due to the increasing of fuels consumption at factories and by vehicles as well as the gravitation of the population. In addition to the pollution sources, time and spatial variation of air pollutants concentration and meteorological factors have a great influence on the air pollution problem. Especially , its concentration is governed by wind direction, wind speed, precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, humidity and cloud amounts, etc. In this study, we have analyzed various data of meteorological factors using typical patterns of the air pressure to investigate how the concentration of air pollutants is varied with meteorological condition. Using the relationship between meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation) and the concentration of air pollutants (SO2, O3) , experimental prediction formulas for their concentration were obtained. Therefore, these prediction formulas at each meteorological factor in a pressure pattern may be roughly used to predict the air pollutants concentration and contributed to estimate the variation of its value according to the weather condition in Pusan city.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2000

The traffic accidents in large cities such as Pusan metropolitan city have been increased every year due to increasing of vehicles numbers as well as the gravitation of the population. In addition to the carelessness of drivers, many meteorological factors have a great influence on the traffic accidents. Especially, the number of traffic accidents is governed by precipitation, visibility, cloud amounts temperature, etc. In this study, we have analyzed various data of meteorological factors from 1992 to 1997 and determined the standardized values for contributing to each traffic accident. Using the relationship between meteorological factors(visibility, precipitation, relative humidity and cloud amounts) and the total automobile mishaps, and experimental prediction formula for their traffic accident rates was seasonally obtained at Pusan city in 1997. Therefore, these prediction formulas at each meteorological factor may by used to predict the seasonal traffic accident numbers and contributed to estimate the variation of its value according to the weather condition it Pusan city.

• 물과 미래
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1994

댐 여수로(Spillway)나 파이프 암거(Pipe Culvert)로부터 방류되는 \ulcorner은 수공구조물 하류부의 에너지 감소 목적으로 사용되는 감세지내의 세굴을 유발하며 수공구조물의 기초부위까지 세굴이 진행되면 수공구조물의 구조적 안정성까지 위협하게 된다. 따라서 감세지내의 세굴을 예측하기 위한 많은 연구와 경험적 공식들이 발표되었으나 공식별 예측범위가 너무 넓어 감세지 설계에 적용할 수 있는 공식의 선정이 사실상 불가능하다. 본 연구는 세굴에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 분석할 수 있도록 사각형 감세지내에서 원형수중\ulcorner을 사용한 새로운 실험방법의 개발과 실험을 통해 \ulcorner의 크기와 하상물질의 크기비가 세굴을 지배하는 주요인자인 사실을 알아내고, 각종 세굴 지배인자와 침강지내의 \ulcorner확산 및 \ulcorner모멘텀 이론을 이용한 두 개의 \ulcorner확산 지역에 대하여 네가지의 반이론적 세굴 예측공식을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2007

Simplified mathematical formulas are presented to predict deformations during the plate forming process when the heating parameters are given. To obtain the formulas, firstly, the thermal analysis for steel plate is performed, and the thermo-mechanical analysis is followed with actual heating conditions. The analyses have been carried out by the commercial software MARC, which is programmed based on the FEM. Secondary, the results of the mechanical analysis are synthesized with their variables for a statistical approach, which results in simplified formulas. The results of the analysis are well compared with those of experimental measurements.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

국내 경사식 방파제의 대표적인 피복재인 Tetrapod는 대부분 경험식을 사용하여 중량을 산정한다. 경험식은 수리 실험의 결과를 곡선맞춤(curve-fitting)하여 제안되기 때문에 실험 오차에 따른 불확실성이 내포되어 있다. 이런 불확실성을 최소화하기 위해 인경신경망과 M5' model tree를 사용하여 피복재 안정수를 예측하였다. 각 모형의 불확실성의 정도는 예측된 안정수와 수리실험의 안정수 사이의 일치지수(index of agreement)를 사용하여 평가하였다. 일치지수가 가장 큰 인공신경망은 우수한 예측 능력을 가지고 있지만 일반 설계자들이 쉽게 사용할 수 없는 큰 단점이 있다. 반면에 M5' model tree는 인공신경망보다는 예측 능력이 조금 떨어지지만 기존의 경험식보다는 예측능력이 우수하고 또한 일반 설계자들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 공식의 형태로 주어지는 장점이 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.635-638
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• 2000

This experimental were carried out in order to investigate the equivalent strength of SFRC (Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete). Tow hundred and tenh SFRC beeam (size: 150x150x550) were used in the tests the relationships between loading and mid-point deflections of the beams were observed four oint bending loading. From the test results, prediction formulas for the equivalent strength of SFRC beams are suggested.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1999

The external, unbonded prestressed concrete(PSC) members exhibit very different structural behavior from that of internal bonded PSC members because of eccentricity change and slip occurrence during loading process. The purpose of the present study is to propose the ultimate failure stresses of prestressing (PS) steels for those external unbonded PSC members. To this end, a comprehensive analysis has been made using the nonlinear finite element analysis program developed recently for external unbonded PSC members by authors. A series of major influencing variables have been included in the analysis. It was found that the span-depth ratio, neutral axis depth-effective depth ratio, load geometry, amount of ordinary steel, and prestressing steel ration have great influence for the ultimate failue stress of PS steel is preposed and is compared with experimental dat as well as existing formulas for internal unbonded members. The Comparison indicates that the proposed equation agrees relatively well with experimental data and that existing formulas including ACI and AASHTO equations show some discrepancies from experimental ones. The present study allows more realistic analysis and design of prestressed concrete structures with external unbonded tendons.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2021

This paper presents experiments and theoretical analysis on shear behavior of eight concrete-encased square concrete-filled steel tube (CECFST) specimens and three traditional reinforced concrete (RC) specimens. A total of 11 specimens with the test parameters including the shear span-to-depth ratio, steel tube size and studs arrangement were tested to explore the shear performance of CECFST specimens. The failure mode, shear capacity and displacement ductility were thoroughly evaluated. The test results indicated that all the test specimens failed in shear, and the CECFST specimens enhanced by the interior CFST core exhibited higher shear capacity and better ductility performance than that of the RC specimens. When the other parameters were the same, the larger steel tube size, the smaller shear span-to-depth ratio and the existence of studs could lead to the more satisfactory shear behavior. Then, based on the compatible truss-arch model, a set of formulas were developed to analytically predict the shear strength of the CECFST members by considering the compatibility of deformation between the truss part, arch part and the steel tube. Compared with the calculated results based on several current design specifications, the proposed formulas could get more accurate prediction.