• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.407-426
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• 2022

Superior to traditional welded studs, high strength friction-grip bolted shear connectors facilitate the assembling and demounting of the composite members, which maximizes the potential for efficiency in the construction and retrofitting of new and old structures respectively. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the structural properties of high strength friction-grip bolts used in steel concrete composite beams. By means of push-out tests, an experimental study was conducted on post-installed high strength friction-grip bolts, considering the effects of different bolt size, concrete strength, bolt tensile strength and bolt pretension. The test results showed that bolt shear fracture was the dominant failure mode of all specimens. Based on the load-slip curves, uplifting curves and bolt tensile force curves between the precast concrete slab and steel beam obtained by push-out tests, the anti-slip performance of steel-concrete interface and shear behavior of bolt shank were studied, including the quantitative analysis of anti-slip load, and anti-slip stiffness, frictional coefficient, shear stiffness of bolt shank and ultimate shear capacity. Meanwhile, the interfacial anti-slip stiffness and shear stiffness of bolt shank were defined reasonably. In addition, a total of 56 push-out finite element models verified by the experimental results were also developed, and used to conduct parametric analyses for investigating the shear behavior of high-strength bolted shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams. Finally, on ground of the test results and finite element simulation analysis, a new design formula for predicting shear capacity was proposed by nonlinear fitting, considering the bolt diameter, concrete strength and bolt tensile strength. Comparison of the calculated value from proposed formula and test results given in the relevant references indicated that the proposed formulas can give a reasonable prediction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 1993

Because the existing scour prediction formulas for plunge pools of pipe culverts and spillways give a wide range of predicted scour depths, it is difficult to estimate actual scour depths. A review of literature showed that wide range of predicted values was caused mostly by lack of thorough analysis of the scour mechanism. In this study, the effects of the parameters govering scour were examined, and the scour potentials were measured. The major variables govering scour were the velocity and size of jet impinging into the plunge pool, the submerged weight of bed material, the ratio of jet size to bed material size, the tail watr depth of the plunge pool, and the angle of jet impact on water surface. The ratio of jet size to bed material size to bed material size was found to be another significant parameter affecting scour for larger bed materials. A densimetric Froude nember of the bed material in incipient motion was formulated. This number represented the scour potential of the jet at the point where the bed material was tested.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.83-97
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• 1995

The aim of this study is to derive a simple formula for predicting ultimate strength of hull girders under vertical bending moment. The existing formulas have been reviewed and classified into analytical approach, empirical approach and linear approximate approach. It is known that the ship hull will reach the ultimate limit state if both collapse of the compression flange and yielding of the tension flange occur. Side shells in the vicinity of the compression and tension flanges will often fail also, but the material around the final neutral axis will remain in the elastic state. Based on this observation, a credible distribution of longitudinal stresses around the hull section at the overall collapse state is assumed, and an explicit analytical formula is derived. The accuracy of the formula has been verified by a comparison of the experimental and the numerical results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

An experimental investigation was conducted to clarify the combustion characteristics of Polyethylene-GOX(PE-GOX) hybrid motor using a single-port fuel grain configuration. Data from the experiments were analyzed to evaluate the length-averaged regression rate of PE-GOX propellants. Based on the existing theories, the empirical regression rate formulas provided from Marxman[3,4] and Altman[14] showed good concordance with the PE-GOX experiments. The accuracy of the regression rate was then evaluated and compared with the measured one. As a result, Marxman's model was somewhat more precise than Altman's model in these experiments. Moreover, the consideration of the empirical regression rate showed that O/F ratio has minor variation due to the quasi constant inflow of the fuel during motor firing.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.731-739
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• 2014

This paper describes the evaluation of the impact performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete based on high-velocity impact experiments using hard spherical balls. In this experimental study, panel specimens with panel thickness to ball diameter (h/d) ratios of 3.5 or less were tested with variables of steel fiber volume fraction, panel thickness, impact velocity, and aggregate size. Test results were compared with each other to evaluate the impact resistance. The results showed that the percentage of weight and surface loss decreased as the steel volume fraction increased. However, the penetration depth increased with up to steel fiber volume fraction of 1.5%. Particularly the results of specimens with 20 mm aggregates showed poorer performance than those with 8 mm aggregates. The results also confirmed that the impact performance prediction formulas are conservative with (h/d) ratios of 3.5 or less. Despite the conservative predictions, the modified NDRC formula and ACE formula predict the impact performance more consistently than the Hughes formula.