• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of a PNF intervention using elastic bands on edema, range of motion (ROM), and pain in post-mastectomy patients with upper limb lymphedema, according to their hand grip type. Methods: The subjects were 14 female patients who were at Stage II lymphedema after undergoing mastectomy for Stage II breast cancer. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (n =7) and a control group (n = 7). Both groups participated in a treatment program four times (one time under the therapist's instructions and three times as self-exercise) a week for 4 weeks. Both groups repeated an upper limb PNF pattern exercise for 30 min using elastic bands after receiving a manual lymph drainage treatment for 1 hour. Here, subjects in the experimental group performed the PNF exercise with an open-hand grip by putting their hands into the loops of elastic bands and keeping their fingers spread out. Subjects in the control group performed the PNF exercise with a closed-hand grip by holding the loops of elastic bands with their fingers. In both groups, the subjects' edema, ROM, and pain levels were measured before the intervention and 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: As a result of the experiment, both groups demonstrated edema reductions, ROM increases, and pain reductions in four areas of the upper limbs. Notably, the experimental group exhibited larger ROM increases in flexion, extension, and abduction as well as greater edema and pain reductions than the control group. In particular, the most significant effects were found in the elbow of the four upper limb areas for edema reductions and in extension for ROM increases. Conclusion: The present study indicates that exercise therapy-based approaches using elastic bands in post-mastectomy patients with upper limb lymphedema can have different effects depending on the type of hand grip (open or closed), which is the body's most distal part. Therefore, these approaches should be based on the conditions of the distal parts of the patient's body for their effective applications in clinical practice.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.383-400
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• 2009

Low rise building roofs can be subjected to large fluctuating pressures during a tropical cyclone resulting in fatigue failure of cladding. Following the damage to housing in Tropical Cyclone Tracy in Darwin, Australia, the Darwin Area Building Manual (DABM) cyclic loading test criteria, that loaded the cladding for 10000 cycles oscillating from zero to a permissible stress design pressure, and the Experimental Building Station TR440 test of 10200 load cycles which increased in steps to the permissible stress design pressure, were developed for assessing building elements susceptible to low cycle fatigue failure. Recently the 'Low-High-Low' (L-H-L) cyclic test for metal roofing was introduced into the Building Code of Australia (2007). Following advances in wind tunnel data acquisition and full-scale wind loading simulators, this paper presents a comparison of wind-induced cladding damage, from a "design" cyclone proposed by Jancauskas, et al. (1994), with current test criteria developed by Mahendran (1995). Wind tunnel data were used to generate the external and net pressure time histories on the roof of a low-rise building during the passage of the "design" cyclone. The peak pressures generated at the windward roof corner for a tributary area representative of a cladding fastener are underestimated by the Australian/New Zealand Wind Actions Standard. The "design" cyclone, with increasing and decreasing wind speeds combined with changes in wind direction, generated increasing then decreasing pressures in a manner similar to that specified in the L-H-L test. However, the L-H-L test underestimated the magnitude and number of large load cycles, but overestimated the number of cycles in the mid ranges. Cladding elements subjected to the L-H-L test showed greater fatigue damage than when experiencing a five hour "design" cyclone containing higher peak pressures. It is evident that the increased fatigue damage was due to the L-H-L test having a large number of load cycles cycling from zero load (R=0) in contrast to that produced during the cyclone.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

현재 국내의 모든 CNG자동차에는 용기용 밸브로 수동밸브가 부착되어 있으며 가스누출 사고 시 운전자가 차량을 정지하고 수동밸브를 잠궈야 하는 불편한 점이 있어 누출 사고 시에는 운전자 등이 가스누출사고를 대응하는데 어려운 부분이 있다. 유럽의 선진국에서는 가스누출 시 운전자가 시동을 끄면 자동으로 닫히는 구조를 가진 전자밸브의 장착을 의무화 하고 있어 우리나라에서도 기능성이 증가된 전자식 용기밸브를 적용하는 것이 CNG 버스의 안전성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 좋은 기회일 것이다. 본 논문에서는 개개의 전자밸브의 작동상태를 운전자가 파악하기 어려운 구조적인 문제를 보완하기 위해서 충전 중 압력의 상승에 따라서 온도가 상승하는 현상에 착안하여 문제에 접근하였다. 충전 중 온도상승이 압력차에 따라서 약 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상이 발생하는 것을 이용하여, 데이터 확인 시 온도상승이 발생하지 않는 용기는 밸브가 작동하지 않아 충전이 이루어지지 않는 것으로 판단할 수 있는 실험적 결론을 얻었다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 사각지대의 범죄를 예방하고, 예측하지 못한 화재 또는 위험을 예방하기 위하여 IoT 기반의 스마트 CCTV 방범 서비스를 제안한다. 제안 방식에서는 라즈베리파이를 이용하여 RC(Radio Control)카를 만들고 RC카에 카메라 및 각종 모듈을 장착하였으며 방범 서비스 처리는 Raspbian O/S, Apach Web Server, Shell script, Python, PHP, HTML, CSS, Javascript를 사용하여 구현되었다. RC카는 영상, 음성 그리고 온도 등의 모듈로 현장의 위험을 판단하여 관리자에게 상황을 알려주는 방범 서비스를 제공한다. 실험 결과 영상과 음성 정보의 전달 시간이 0.1초 내에서 처리되었을 뿐 아니라 AVG, 위급 상황, 수동 모드에도 실시간 상태 전송이 가능하였다. 스마트시티 구현에 무인자동차, 드론 등에도 적용하여 제안 방식이 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2015

정수장 유입수에 포함된 다양한 유기물을 제거하기 위하여 약품을 주입하고 있으나 적정 주입률 결정은 4~7시간 후에나 탁도를 통하여 확인 가능함에 따라 실시간 피드백 제어가 불가하다. 또한 실험실에서 실시하는 Jar-Test 및 운영자의 경험에 따른 수동운전은 유기물 특성 및 수질 변화로 인하여 실험 및 휴먼에러가 발생할 수 있다. 특히 야간/주말 등에는 실험을 실시할 수 없어 운영자 판단에 의한 간헐적 변경만이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 지능제어 알고리즘을 이용한 적정 약품 주입률을 학습하여 실시간 약품 주입과 주입량 감소로 원가절감을 달성코자 하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.783-790
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of passive upper arm exercise on range of motion, muscle strength, and muscle spasticity in hemiplegic patients with cerebral vascular disease. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group was utilized. According to inclusion criteria, 25 patients were assigned to the control group with routine care, followed by 25 to the intervention group with passive exercise for 30 minutes per session, twice a day for 2 weeks. Eighteen patients in the intervention group and 17 in the control group completed the posttest measurement, including range of motion for upper arm joints, manual muscle test, and Modified Ashworth Scale for muscle spasticity. Results: The intervention group had a significantly improved range of motion in the shoulder and wrist joints. No interaction effect was found for the elbow joint. No significant differences were found in muscle strength or muscle spasticity between the groups. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that passive exercise safely applied for two weeks improves range of motion in joints of the upper arm in these patients. Further study with long-term follow-up is needed to verify the role of passive exercise in preventing muscle spasticity in this population.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 스마트 금속 주조 공정 관리 시스템을 사례 기반을 적용해 윈도우 환경에서 개발하였다. 금속 주조는 가장 일반적인 주조 공정이다. 이러한 금속 주조 공정은 복잡하고 각각의 해당 작업에 따라 작업 공정이 변하는 특성을 가진다. 특히 금속 주조 산업의 특성은 다양한 종류의 제품을 생산한다. 따라서 본 논문에서 개발한 스마트 금속 주조 생산 공정 관리 시스템은 복잡한 공정 과정을 사례에 기반한 추론을 통해 지능적으로 공정 단계를 생성하는 시스템이다. 따라서 본 논문에서 이들을 효과적으로 해결할 수 있는 금속 주조 생산 공정 관리 시스템을 터치스크린을 기반으로 개발하였다. 시스템에 대한 실험 결과는 수작업으로 하던 공정 관리보다 더욱 생산성이 향상되었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

Manual tracking is an experimental paradigm that can be used to study information processing in continuous movements involving accurate, ongoing control of motor performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of knee tracking training, using the paretic side, on gait in stroke patients. Nine patients with hemiplegia participated in the study. The timed 10 m gait speed test and tracking test were administrated. The tracking test was composed with ranges of $-20^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$. The tracking training consisted of five times every week for 4 weeks. The data were analyzed by non-parametric paired sign test of Wilcoxon. The flexion/extension error of the tracking test was significantly reduced on the paretic side, while the nonparetic side was not statistically significant. The transfer of the skill to the functional activity was shown in the significant improvement at timed 10 m gait speed test. This study shows that individuals with chronic who have impaired knee movement can be trained to improve their knee control through intensive practice at a knee movement tracking task and that the skill learned from such training is transfered to a more functional gait speed.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권7호
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• pp.1763-1772
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• 1996

기존의 위성 영상 분류를 위한 훈련 집합의 선택은 대부분 사용자가 직접 측량하 거나 지도로부터 얻어진 데이터를 이용하여 수작업을 통하여 얻는 것이 보통이다. 그러나 이러한 작업에는 시간과 비용이 많이 소요되며, 같은 지역 내에서도 사용하는 특징값의 변화가 다양하게 나타날 수 있다. 이러한 다양성은 신경망으로 하여금 분류 데이터에 대한 강인성은 줄 수 있으나, 학습 시간이 많이 소요되는 단점을 수반하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 훈련 집합의 선택시 먼저 분류 하고자 하는 지역의 대역별 밝기 분포를 조사하여 일정한 조건을 만족하는 화소들만을 훈련 집합으로 선택하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 알고리즘을 사용하여 SPOT의 위성 으로부터 얻은 다중 분광 영상에 대해 훈련 집합을 선택하고 역전과 신경망에 의해 학습한 후 분류한 결과, 기존의 사용자에 의해 선택된 훈련 집합보다 수렴속도가 빠르고, 분류 성능이 놓은 결과를 보였다. 또한 밝기 정보의에 NDVI( NormalizelD Vegetation Index)와 텍스쳐 특징을 이용 함으로써 분류 성능이 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2001

Many workers in the garlic peeling factory are separating the sound peeled garlics from the unpeeled and defective ones in a manual way. In order to reduce the seasonal labor requirement and operating cost, the mechanized garlic sorting system such as the vision-based garlic sorter should be developed. This study was conducted as one of basic studies on developing quality evaluation technique for peeled garlics, especially to developed the system for acquiring the whole surface images of garlics with a CCD camera. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. The belt-type garlic rotation system was devised to apply for the vision-based garlic sorter and was tested to decide the criteria of design and optimum conveying speed. 2. To evaluate the performance of the developed garlic rotation system, feeding rate and rotating rate were measured under the conditions of four experimental factors such as the inclined angle of rotating belt, the inclined angle of feeding belt, the height of plate arrays on feeding belt and the conveying speed of belts. And the capacity of the system according to mixture ratios of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics was analyzed as a feasibility test. 3. For the inclined angle of rotating belt 20°and height of plate array on feeding belt 22㎜, the maximum rotating rate for garlic samples including unpeeled ones was 81.1% at the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec. And under these condition, the maximum feeding rate was 85% at the inclined angle of feeding belt 6.5°. 4. The capacity of the developed garlic rotation system was almost constant regardless of mixture ratio of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics and its range was 2.95∼3.92 garlic/sec. At the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec, the capacity of the garlic rotation system was calculated ad 58∼64 kg/hr. 5. To improve performance of the garlic rotation system, it is recommended to develop a device to slide garlics into feeding belt.