• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.413-425
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• 2019

We see many images every day, some of these images are stored in memory, and the majority are immersed in the unconscious world. Visual elements are seen by personal attention or by visual or biological attention factors. Specific and clear discovery of this visual attention has not yet been made. However, there is an interesting discussion of this visual attention in the fields of interior, design, visual perception, advertising, and psychology. Advertising photographers are expected to produce what their work will have on viewers and consumers. However, the adjustment of subject, exposure, color, or post-production, which could have a visual effect on the consumer, was determined only by the photographer's senses rather than the experimental verification. The advertisement photographs provide a specific image related to the object to be advertised and deliver a certain message. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of the image in a certain visual way. According to previous studies, there are two major factors that affect the visual impression of the viewer. One is the factor depending on the type and content of the subject and the other is the factor about the density and color of the subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaningful changes in the visual perception depending on the shape, content, color and tone of the subject, which can be called the main subject, And to analyze the effects of I will study some implications of visual elements through various analyzes.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.48
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• pp.261-288
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• 2012

This paper attempts to research on the new language in the directing of Ara Kim. She was cranky on working on the stage to experiment with her own style since the 1980s and so opened a new dawn in modern Korean theatre. She leaded the Korean experimental theatre. The background of this experiment is her idea on theatre. And here, we have to look the subject that she setted for the work in Chuksan: Ritual Past, Ritual Present. To her, the theatre has the function of ritual and fest. The theatre suggests universal tragedy given to human as natural life force and has its own agenda to drive people to healing. For it, Ara Kim explores archetypal forms and languages before the fragmentation of genres of art. Her theatre shows the results of experiments in which such languages are recreated with modernized sensibilities. We here, for example by outdoor performance in Chuksan Human Lear, try to interpret the aesthetic principles that body out her ritual theatre. And what we looked at though, is the base of the 'complex-genre-music-theatre', the methode to 'compose' the stage elements and put it all together. The directing of Ara Kim has, in terms of the composition of the stage elements, much of the indisputable artistic value. Her theatre is, so to speak, theatre of image, and it is theatre of imagination that completed by the audience's imagination. Human Lear which has its own characteristic in image fragments, convert the original Lear into a simple tale. It serves as background of the modern ritual that shows the most basic human instincts. We meet in Human Lear a ritual tale with some list of image for the human instincts. The arrangement of image, the montage of scene shows the performance as a kind of artistic space. In Human Lear the space is the natural one. It centers around the arena stage. The objects installed in the space changes it into the laboratory for 'seeing' the happening. The spectators see the performance and at the same time see themselves in the nature laboratory. They see, and equally, they are visible objects. They see the performance and us in the space in which the performance takes place. That is what Ara Kim with her modern ritual really aims. That aim is to this days still in effect. It is a major driver of her experiments to extend the boundary of the theatre. The ritualistic site-specific performance in Akor Wat, Cambodia, A Song of Mandala is the latest great product from her experiments. On the other hand, she continues on her way to experiment with pure stage elements. The 'Station' series(Station of Water, The Station of Sand, The Station of Wind) she recently showed are the non-verbal performance with all the stage elements: movement, sound, body, light, colour, objects and so on.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to design and apply a pilot inquiry experiment focusing on the epistemological issues of scientific activities, and derive educational implications by analyzing experimental activities and reflective discussions. Three graduate students who major in science education participated in the study voluntarily. Participants showed the characteristics of stable enquiry in Experiment 1. However, the small but continuous changes in Experiment 2 led the experiment to a phase of fluid enquiry seeking new theories. Participants mobilized various resources, proposed new hypotheses, and models and requested additional experiments to verify them. In the process of reflective discussions, the participants led to the following three epistemological issues. First, at the beginning of the experiment, their observations were theoretically dependent. Second, when the observations were no longer coherent with theory, they face a crisis, and the adjustment of observation and theory proceeds. Third, stable enquiry and fluid enquiry are performed according to the relationship between observation and theory. The educational implications of school science inquiry based on the above process and results are as follows: First, this study shows that fluid enquiry can follow stable enquiry naturally, and examples of the activities are presented together. Second, in this study, it was confirmed that participants could draw up epistemological issues based on their experiences through reflective discussions following inquiry.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2019

Non-aqueous solvents (NASs) are generally known to be barely miscible, and reactive with polar compounds, such as water. However, water can interact with some NASs, which can be used as a new means for water recovery from saline water. This study explored the fate of water and salt in NAS, when saline water is mixed with NAS. Three amine solvents were selected as NAS. They had the same molecular formula, but were differentiated by their molecular structures, as follows: 1) NAS 'A' having the hydrophilic group ($NH_2$) at the end of the straight carbon chain, 2) NAS 'B' with symmetrical structure and having the hydrophilic group (NH) at the middle of the straight carbon chain, 3) NAS 'C' having the hydrophilic group ($NH_2$) at the end of the straight carbon chain but possessing a hydrophobic ethyl branch in the middle of the structure. In batch experiments, 0.5 M NaCl water was blended with NASs, and then water and salt content in the NAS were individually measured. Water absorption efficiencies by NAS 'B' and 'C' were 3.8 and 10.7%, respectively. However, salt rejection efficiency was 98.9% and 58.2%, respectively. NAS 'A' exhibited a higher water absorption efficiency of 35.6%, despite a worse salt rejection efficiency of 24.7%. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation showed the different interactions of water and salts with each NAS. NAS 'A' formed lattice structured clusters, with the hydrophilic group located outside, and captured a large numbers of water molecules, together with salt ions, inside the cluster pockets. NAS 'B' formed a planar-shaped cluster, where only some water molecules, but no salt ions, migrated to the NAS cluster. NAS 'C', with an ethyl group branch, formed a cluster shaped similarly to that of 'B'; however, the boundary surface of the cluster looked higher than that of 'C', due to the branch structure in solvent. The MD simulation was helpful for understanding the experimental results for water absorption and salt rejection, by demonstrating the various interactions between water molecules and the salts, with the different NAS types.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.427-436
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• 2019

This study investigated the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the knee angle, MAS, and TUG of the affected side in patients with hemiplegic strokes. This study selected 20 patients who received rehabilitation treatment at a hospital after having been diagnosed with stroke. The control group (n=10) received the general physiotherapy (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation), and the experimental group (n=10) applied the extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to the injured limb after PNF treatment. This study used an integrated kinematics analyzer (4D-MT, Relive, Korea) to analyze walking, timed up and go test to evaluate the dynamic balance ability of patients, and MAS to evaluate the spasticity. In the study results, knee angle were significantly different in all groups(p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the groups(p>0.05). In the study results, TUG were significantly different in all groups(p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the groups(p>0.05). Based on the results of this study, I hope that more detailed research will proceed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.632-641
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• 2021

Background: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. Purpose: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000-2017 using a global data. Methods: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran's I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. Results: In 2000-2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R²=0.01, adjusted R²=8.77). Conclusion: While the total number of child deaths in 2000-2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.107-117
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• 2019

This paper establishes and propagates the value of the play through the study of the transition process of the yesan play from 1920 to the present, presents an alternative through the unique theatricality of the region and aims to activate it. The theater divided the theater into Yecheon, Chungnam Theater Festival, and Youth Theater Festival, which are currently active, and focused on Yedang International Performing Arts Festival, which is the only one in Yesan. The details of the performance due to the loss of data were not specified as much as possible, but the contents of the yesan play before 1990 were reviewed using the eupji and Myeonji. It also starts with a lack of diversity in plays in the developing direction of Yesan. Children's plays should be dismissed for simple commercial purposes, or the value of traditional Korean plays should be compared to Western ones, to promote the development of local plays through the natural characteristics and the basis of traditional culture, and to sustain the continuity of extreme economic performance and performances through the development of repertoires. Infrastructure deployment can be cited. The in flow of specialized actors and the use of art administrators creates a stable theater environment and activates the reeducation of local actors to promote theatrical imagination. It is also an urgent task to develop a new theatrical form by introducing experimental theatrical methods of young artists in the overseas performance business of theater troupe Yechon. Finally, Yedang International Performing Arts Festival should be characterized and differentiated from other festivals.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

This article examines how Brecht's Gestus is borrowed and transformed into the film. I examined the critical debates on the film's use of Brecht and the style of Brecht's acting adopted in radical experimental films and Hollywood films. In addition, through the case of Korean film actor/ress, I sought to apply the Brechtian theory. First, despite the criticism that the film's acceptance of Brecht is overly formal and mechanical, film theory and practice reflect Brecht's ideas. In particular, regardless of the socio-political situation of Brecht's day, his Gestus is suitable and useful for film acting. Brecht's thought was realized by technological innovations such as montage and computer special effects, and above all, the social attitude of the actor was popularized through the education of the audience. Second, his strategy on performance is no longer unfamiliar, and goes beyond the boundaries of contradictory daily life and art, and becomes the pleasure of popular film. Although the intentions of naturalism and anti-naturalism in acting arts are different, the process and effects look at the same point. Third, through the case of Korean film actor/ress as an attempt of popular understanding about Brecht strategy, I could confirm the possibility of searching identity of Korean film actor/ress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze research papers related to forest play of children's and present future research directions and basic data. 174 out of the forest play papers for children's provided to the research information sharing service (www. riss. kr) from 2009 to 2018 were studied. The number of papers according to the study was 114 published for children. Looking at the research method of forest play papers for children, 55.17% for experimental papers, 9.77% for observation papers, 17.82% for research papers, 5.75% for case studies, 6.32% for literature review papers and 5.17% for other papers. Looking at trends by target age, in the case of the papers which studied on the single age, the number of papers researching on age 3.51%) for 2 years old, 2.63% for the 3 years old, 9.65% for the 4 years old, 35.96% for the 5 years old. A total of 40.36% consisted of children aged between 2 and 5 years. A total of 7.89% were published for infants and children with handicapped. The number of theses that studied emotional development accounted for 30.7%, social development was 25.44%, cognitive development was 16.67%, self concept development was 14.04%, physical development was 6.14%, language development was 3.51% and other development was 3.51%. As a result of the above analysis, it was necessary to study the language development and the forest play.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.949-958
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• 2017

It is more urgent that the humanities have the capacity to cope with the many challenges that the humanities need to ask, seek and solve. At this point, I think that virtue that humanities should have is communication. As humanities are the study of human beings, if all the world that human beings perceive and experience is the subject of humanities, it is also the subject of semiotics, so that as our life changes, semiology also changes, Semiotics can be done with the closest friend created by humans, at that time providing the tools. I believe there is a reason why humanities in this age should speak semantics. We believe that this new semioticism can give a fresh impression to us who thought that the method and nature of truth pursued in natural science and humanities are totally different, and this is also a very experimental field and I believe that this area of future semiotics will be developed in the future. As such, semiotics is a discipline that shows reasons beyond boundaries, so the area it can deal with is also infinite. In Chapter 2 of this article, we first discuss what semiotics is as a meta-scholar. In Chapter 3, symbol and communication, and Chapter 4, in structural code, And metonymy.