• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2001

A total of 92 unfertilized human oocytes were treated with ethanol (EtOH), calcium ionophore A23187 (CI) or electric pulse (EP) for activating pronuclear formation and subsequent development. In Experiment 1, there was a significant (P=0.0001) treatment effect on the activation of unfertilized oocytes. No spontaneous activation was occurred in the control, but activation treatments induced PN formation with various efficacy. More unfertilized oocytes (UFOs) were activated after EtOH or EP treatment than after CI treatment. EP was as effective (63.6 %) as EtOH, but fragmentation was observed in 43% of UFOs activated by EP. Proportion of UFOs that formed presumptive haploid PN (2 PNs+1 PB or 1 PN +2 PBs) was 33.3, 0 and 28.6% after EtOH, CI and EP treatments, respectively. In Experiment 2, a significant (P=0.0362) effect of immature oocytes (IOs) status on activation was fecund. IOs at the GVBD-MI oocytes had higher potential to form PN than those at the GV stage or with abnormal morphology (25 vs. 77.8%). The results of this study clearly demonstrated that the treatment of 10% ethanol for 5 min effectively induced the activation of UFOs. IOs could form pronucleus with high efficacy by ethanol treatment, as long as they grew beyond the GVBD stage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.697-704
• /
• 2008

Stormwater runoff from urban road area as non-point source has a tendency of including lots of pollutants at initial rain period. Recently, there are several cases of having installed treatment facilities for reducing pollution discharge from the impervious cover in urban area to prevent watershed environment from getting worse. The filtration type among non-point source treatment systems has been known as one of the most efficient system for treatment of non-point source pollutants. Therefore, various kinds of filter media such as expanded polypropylene(EPP), granular activated carbon, zeolite, perlite, illite, sand, gravel has been developed. This study was conducted to verify performance and hydraulic characteristics of filter media as measures for non-point source. The experiment was carried out to evaluate applicability and variation of 4 kind of most popular filter media(EPP, GAC, Zeolite, Perlite) in headloss with elapsed time and influent flow rate and to obtain data base that could be used to establish management plan for road runoff treatment. In experiment by tap water, it showed that EPP and perlite those are floatable materials showed stable operating performance and lower headloss than the others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.177-178
• /
• 2012

In this experiment, post-nitriding treatment has been performed at $400^{\circ}C$ on AISI 316 stainless steel which is plasma carburized previously at $430^{\circ}C$ for 15 hours. Plasma nitriding was implemented on AISI 316 stainless steel at various gas compositions (25% N2, 50% N2 and 75% N2) for 4 hours. Additionally, during post nitriding Ar gas was used with H2 and N2 to observe the improvement of treatment. After treatment, the behavior of the hybrid layer was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness testing. Potentiodynamic polarization test was also used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples. Meanwhile, it was found that the surface hardness increased with increasing the nitrogen gas content. Also small percentage of Ar gas was introduced in the post nitriding process which improved the hardness of the hardened layer but reduces the corrosion resistance compared with the carburized sample. The experiment revealed that AISI 316L stainless steel showed better hardness and excellent corrosion resistance compared with the carburized sample, when 75% N2 gas was used during the post nitriding treatment. Also addition of Ar gas during post nitriding treatment were degraded the corrosion resistance of the sample compared with the carburized sample.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.577-594
• /
• 1999

The major cause of periodontal disease is microorganism in the dental plaque. Gingival sulcular fluid, which is exudate released from the tissue near crevicular epithelium is related with inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the argon laser efficiency between the clinical index and onset of collagenase of gingival sulcular fluid. Material divided 16 patients into 4 groups. The first control was without treatmemt. The second was with just treatment of argon laser, The third was treated by scaling and root planning and the fourth was treated with both scailing and root planning and argon laser. The level of periocheck test, the index of bleeding, and the depth of periodontal pocket were evaluated from for 128 teeth of 64 anterior teeth and 64 posterior teeth. The results were as follows ; 1. In the score of periocheck test, root planing group(group 3) was significantly reduced more than the group without treatment(group 1) and the argon laser treatment(group 2) for results of 3 days and 7 days. But root planing plus argon laser treatment(group 4) in the 7days after experiment, was significantly reduced than no treatment(group 1) and root planing treatment(group 3)(P<0.05), in the 3 days after experiment, was significantly reduced than root planing(group3)(P<0.05). The score of periocheck test to the root planning group(group 3) were significantly reduced between days1, day3 and day7(P<0.05). Root planning plus argon laser group(group 4) were significantly reduced to 1 or 7days and 3 or 7days(P<0.05). The argon laser group(group 2) didn't show any changes. 2. In the case of sulcus bleeding index, the root planning group(group 3) and root planning plus argon laser group(group 4) were reduced more than without treatment group(group 1)(P<0.05) and sulcus bleeding index in the root planning group(group 3) were reduced more than the argon laser group(group 2)(P<0.05). 3. There wasn't any changes of pocket depth between the control and the experiment group as with experiment periods also.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.293-305
• /
• 2015

In order to understand the mechanisms of conversion between different algal dominance, an experiment was performed in a greenhouse from 22 June to 10 July 2011. The experiment included a treatment group subjected to three instances of nutrient enrichment and a control with no nutrient enrichment. The initial water was dominated by Ankistrodesmus of Chlorophyta. The average water temperature at 08:30 h and 14:00 h during the experiment was $31.6^{\circ}C$ and $34.6^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the treatment were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.05). However, the TN/TP and DTN/DTP in the control was higher than in the treatment (P < 0.05). The dominant algae in the control did not change during the experiment, while the dominant algae in the treatment switched to Planktothrix of Cyanophyta on day 9. The chlorophyll a (Chl-a), wet weight of all algae, wet weight of Cyanophyta, and percentage of Cyanophyta in the control were all significantly lower than in the treatment (P < 0.05). Amounts of zooplankton, especially rotifers, were present at the end of the experimental period. The density of rotifers between the control and treatment was not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the copepod density in the treatment was higher than in the control (P < 0.05). We conclude that green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in a greenhouse with elevated temperature.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.64 no.1
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 2022

A set of studies was performed to determine the influence of dietary ZnO concentration and source during two phases (days 0 to 14 and days 15 to 28). Experiment 1: 168 weaned piglets were allocated to four treatment groups in six replicates. The treatments included a basal diet without ZnO supplementation (control), 2,500 mg ZnO/kg (In2500), 500 mg nano-ZnO/kg (N500), and 150 mg nano-ZnO/kg (N150). Experiment 2: 168 weaned piglets were divided into three treatment groups with eight replicates. The treatments included control, In2500, N300, and 150 mg nano-ZnO/kg (N150). An in vitro trial showed that the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium was inhibited when exposed to 300 and 500 ppm of ZnO after 24 h of incubation. In experiment 1, the average daily gain (ADG) by the pigs was improved in the N500 and IN2500 treatment groups. Colonization of coliforms and Clostridium spp. significantly decreased in the pigs fed the N500 and IN2500 diets in phase 1. The total plasma antioxidant capacity was greater in the IN2500 and N500 treatment groups than in the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was greater in pigs fed the IN2500 (phase 1) or the IN2500 and N500 (phase 2) diets than in the control and N150 treatment group. In experiment 2, pigs in the N300 treatment group showed a higher ADG and lower fecal score colonization of coliforms and Clostridium spp. compared with those in the N150 treatment group. In conclusion, nano-ZnO at a dose of 300 ppm showed the same growth as the pharmacological dose of Zn. This provides an option to the pharmacological dose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.105.3-106
• /
• 2003

Bacillus subtilis strain BAC02-4 was tested for its ability induced systemic resistance(ISR) in rice against Magnaporthe grisea We extend these studies to investigate the biological induction of systemic resistance in rice following treatment with the inducer isolate BAC02-4 and naturally infested with Pyricularia oryzae. We also determine levels of ISR activity during the period between disease development and the onset of systemic resistance. Comparition of lesion number according to applied concentration of BAC02-4 to 'Nagdongbyeo' when naturally infested with the conidia of P. grisea. Results from the blast nusery trial using the 'Nagdongbyeo' showed very low rice blast severity with the inducer concentration of 10$\^$8/ cfu level. Considering the low level of treatment and untreated control were observed to have developed typical susceptible lesion type. Highest protection against the rice blast pathogen when applied three times with 5 days interval as root drench at 5 to 6 leaf stage before pathogen challenge. But higher dose of bacterial inducer produced a little stunted plants with less number lesions and delayed disease development. Diseased leaf area of treated with suspension of the isolate which gave about 80％ of control efficacy at 20 days later comparable to that in noninfested, inducer-free soil.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out in order to examine the germination characteristics of Ligularia fischeri seeds, and it was to develop the more efficient pre-treatment and production system of the seeds. It was performed by two ways - temperature control (10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$) and shading treatment (Full sunlight, 35%, 50%, 75% and 95% of full sunlight). Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatment (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60days) and shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 2 days). Seeds of L. fischeri were, regardless of seed pre-treatment, germinated well at $10^{\circ}C$ and the more temperature went up, the more germination rate went down. As a result of surveying shading treatment, 75% shading with DRT was the highest germination rate (68.1%) and 95% shading with WS was the lowest germination rate (48.6%). It was showed over-growth under 95% shading treatment experiment and withered in the full sunlight. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, L. fischeri seeds pre-treated with LTW for 15 days germinated well at $10^{\circ}C$ and under 50~75% shading treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1986.06a
• /
• pp.94-95
• /
• 1986

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.102-113
• /
• 1991

This study aimed to find out the effect of freeze-drying leek against cadmium poisoning on the cholesterol and enzyme activities in serum and superoxide radical, SOD and catalase in liver and kidney of the male rats during the administrered period. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups which were fed differently either for 5 weeks or for 10 weeks:basal diet, basal diet and cadmium in water and 3 % leek added diet and cadmium in water. Cadmium was administered ad libiturn 100 ppm CdCl$_{2}$ in water. The followings are the results of this experiment. 1. Leek reduced the cholesterol and the activities of GPT increase resulted from cadmium treatment. 2. Leek reduced the rate of cadmium in liver and kidney. 3. Leek reduced the activities of SOR and catalase in liver and kidney, while it enhanced the activities of SOD. 4. Leek reduced the necrosis and swelling in liver and kidney casused by cadmium treatment. This experiment showed that leek-addition group had protective effect against cadmium poisoning and increased ALPase activities in serum. Leek alleviated GPT activities in serum and cadmium concentration, necrosis, and swelling in liver and kidney. Therefore, this experiment concluded that leek has defensive power against cadmium poisoning.