• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.638-650
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to do an exploratory analysis on the expectation of Chinese high-school students on the benefits of higher education. Higher education benefits were categorized into monetary-investment benefit, non monetary-investment benefit and consumptive benefit. The differences in expectation according to independent student factors and family background were analyzed. The survey data on every high school's 300 students and 300 their parents total 1200 in 2 high schools in YanTai was put into the analysis. The differences among groups and items were analyzed using Cross tabulation, ANOVA, etc with SPSS. The major findings are as follows. First, Chinese high-school students' overall expectation on higher education benefits was high. Second, Expectation on higher education benefits differed according to independent student factors, such as gender, academic year, grade, etc. Third, expectation on higher education benefits differed according to factors of family background. Fourth, level of expectation on higher education benefits between parents and students differed. In the future, the government should consider such various expectations and differences when dealing with higher education policies and university operation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Purpose - In this research, the expectation level of service of Incheon International Airport was investigated. Service expectation level is critical to the customers' satisfaction and should be managed. Regarding the expectation level of service, the concepts have been defined and introduced by some researchers including Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1993). However, due to the difficulties of measuring the level, researches on the expectation level of service have been limited. The main reason of difficulties of measuring the effects is that desired service, adequate service, perceived service, predicted service which are the conceptual components of the expectation level of service are psychologically described concepts and thus are hard to set up standards and to measure numerically. All that one can discern is that desired service level is higher than adequate service level or perceived service level is lower than predicted service level under the certain conditions, etc. Research design, data, and methodology - In this research, the level of service and factors affecting the level are investigated using the case of an Airport. The main idea of research is to investigate whether a supposed factor that is alleged to affect the expected service level is working empirically. The supposed factor is service provider's promise to provide certain level of service to customers. Results - The research results can be summarized as follow. First, service provider's promise, in this case the Airport's Service Quality Award by Airports Council International which can be regarded as objective promise to provide the certain level of service to customers is turned out to be influential to factors affecting expectation level of service. Second, service provider's promise affects to move the customers' expectation level of service upward especially the service of delivering the necessary information to customers in the airport correctly and swiftly. Conclusions - The implications of the research results are, first, customers' expectation level of service in influenced by service provider's promise, second, airport's service award increases the level of customers' service level and as a result for the airport to meet the customers' expectation level of service more efforts should be made.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2020

This study examines the effects of children's play activities through forest experience on their parents' expectation and multiple intelligence improvement. To achieve this, an empirical survey was conducted by applying a structural equation model to 152 parents with children. As a result, first, physical and cognitive factors were adopted, and social factors were rejected in the factors that influence the physical, social, and cognitive factors of children's forest experience play activities on parents' expectation of children's safety activities and concern about fine dust. Second, their physical, social and cognitive factors affected their sociality among sub-factors of multiple intelligence improvement. Their social and cognitive spontaneities significantly affected their sensitivity and creativity improvements. Third, parents' expectation did not appear to play a significant mediating role in the effect of play activity through forest experience on multiple intelligence improvement. This study has confirmed that their physical and cognitive factors of play activities through forest experience are directly affected by their parents' concern about fine dust and expectation of their safe activities, and has suggested that their sociality can be thoroughly learned through various educational programs in daycare centers, which is somewhat far from their parents' expectation of their play activities through forest experience.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

In this paper, a research model is proved empirically which includes factors related on the purchase intention of smart car as high innovative product in advance of commercialization. As one of relating to consumer's expectation benefit factors, individual attribute factor includes product knowledge, individual innovativeness, and sociality. Consumer's expectation benefit factor includes perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, and enjoyment. As of switching cost variables, there are financial, uncertainty, relational and psychological switching costs factors. Analysis were performed using data from the 257 respondents as random sampling among potential consumers. Purchase intention were affected by individual innovativeness mediated by perceived enjoyment, and individual sociality by perceived ease-of-use and enjoyment also. Relational switching costs factor was only a significant control variable between purchase intention with consumer's expectation benefit factor. This result presents some implications for making the new smart car's detail concept and marketing strategy related to targeting the consumer as high innovative product and technology firms including smart car makers.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-75
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• 2009

This paper develops an integrative model for IT continuance in the internet shopping environments by integrating the expectation-confirmation and the switching cost factors. Using this model, in addition, this study investigates their differential effects on the mediating variables, such as user satisfaction, commitment, and trust which have been identified as antecedents of users' IT continuance intention. Results show that the product and service-related expectation confirmation factors and the relational switching cost factor can have greater impacts on users continuance intention than the web site design factors, and the financial and procedural switching cost factors. In particular, it is interesting to note that relational switching cost can lead users to more commitment, which is revealed as the strongest antecedent of their continuance intention to use a certain shopping site.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.637-650
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumers' image and factors of wear comfort, expectation and satisfaction levels of wear comfort of hiking gear in order to investigate the consumer perception of wear comfort of hiking gear. The questionnaires were distributed to 400 people in their 40s and 50s and, 260 of which were used to data analysis. The questionnaires were comprised of questions about the image, factors, expectation and satisfaction levels of wear comfort of hiking gear, and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, T-test with SPSS 19.0 IBM for Windows. In demographic characteristics, 43.5% of respondents were male and people under 45 years of age were at 17.7%, those between 46 and 50 with 46.5%, those between 51 and 55 with 28.9%, those between 56 and 60 with 6.9%. The results of this study are as follows. Responses of male and female consumers to image of wear comfort were similar and ten or more mentioned reponses by men were well-being and freedom from pain, stretchability, light weight, absorption of sweat, softness. Wear comfort of hiking gear was shown to include mobility/pressure factors, moisture factor, psychological factor, tactile/keeping body temperature factors. It was shown that the expectation and satisfaction levels of wear comfort of hiking gear were relatively high and were not influenced by consumer's sex and age, but were affected by the objective of mountaineering.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2000

Service quality has become an important factor to meet customer satisfaction in the food service industry where competition is getting severe. Organizations are focused upon strengthening customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Therefore, this study, taking customers as subjects, is intended to analyze factors affecting customer loyalty, on the basis of service quality satisfaction. In doing. so, the analysis has been done with 232 customers who are purchasing service from the food services industry, for general information, and service quality expectation, service quality satisfaction and overall satisfaction. The results of the study are as below. 1) From a factor analysis, the service quality expectation level of customer has been categorized into 4 factors, which are named General ′General management ′, ′Food′, ′Reliability′and ′Reputation′. 2) From the factor analysis, the service quality satisfaction level of customer has been categorized into 6 factors, which are named ′Employee attitude′, ′Food′, ′Reliability′, ′Atmosphere′, ′Reputation′ and ′Price′. 3) After classifying customers into 3 groups according to two criteria-"will buy the service again" and "will suggest to others", a comparison has been done for the service quality expectation dimension of customers by each customer group. The result shows that the group having both the "will buy the service again" and "will buy the service again "and "will suggest to others" criteria, that is, with higher customer loyalty, tend to have higher point than other group in factors of ′Food′, ′Reliability′, ′Reputation′(p〈.05). 4) As per the dimension of customer\`s service quality satisfaction level, factors like ′Employee attitude′, ′Food′, ′Reliability′, ′Atmosphere′, ′Reputation′, and ′Price′have shown differences according to each loyalty group(P〈.001). 5) Customers′overall satisfaction level according to each customer loyalty group has been found to be more important for the group having a higher loyalty level(p〈.001) 6) From the discriminant analysis with employing judging variables, such as the customer′s service quality expectation level, service quality satisfaction level and general satisfaction level, customer loyalty groups have been identified as accurately as 68.9% of the explanatory power.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.68
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

Prior to the Independent Visual Background(IVB) luminance control experiment, we studied that IVB could reduce the simulator sickness depending on subject＇s knowledge about the IVB (expectation group) or non-IVB (no expectation group). As results of experiments from 12 subjects, expectation group＇s RSSQ scores were similar, no matter IVB was present or not. However, non-expectation group＇s RSSQ scores were lower when the IVB were present. The result from this experiment confirms the findings of Duh (2001), that an IVB may alleviate SS. However this effect was found only at the expectation group. Failure to replicate Duh＇s results could be due to several factors, such as individual differences in response to the IVB and the low number of subjects (n=6) in the no expectation group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2006

This study analyzes how expectations, perceived performance and expectation-disdonfirmation of the recreation-forest visitors affect their satisfaction and revisit using path analysis. These results which would maximize visitors' satisfaction and revisit will enhance recreational forest management. As the results, factors of expectation-disconfirmation positively effected visit satisfaction are experience-facilities, natural resources, access and valley factors. In addition, natural resources factor effects positively their selection-satisfaction. Also, visit-satisfaction and selection-satisfaction effect positively to their revisit intention. This result show seeking the visitors' satisfaction through recreation-forest manager try to expectation-disconfirmation of experience-facilities, natural resources, access and valley factors exchange to positive expectation-disconfirmation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.1 s.85
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• pp.145-158
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to elicit the multi-dimensions of retirement expectations, and explore sub-factors of retirement expectations which predict the possibility of worker's participation to each pre-retirement planning programs. The major findings were as follows: first, this study shows that there are four sub-factors; Imposed frustration, New beginning, Transition to rest, Continuing. And there was a significant difference in retirement expectation according to sex, age, income, and health status. Second, the major affecting factors on participation in pre-retirement planning programs were sex, age, job, educational attainment, and health status. Third, those who have retirement expectations of 'Imposed frustration' tend to attend re-employment, leisure, and health education. Those who have retirement expectations of 'Transition to rest' tend to attend re-employment, inauguration education. And those who have retirement of 'Continuing' tend to attend leisure education.