• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.311-324
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• 1997

General citizens can be a valuable resource for various types of environmental monitoring when they are well-trained and managed. Successful use of volunteer monitors depends on understanding that citizens are partners sharing expanded roles as the guardians of their local environment. Citizen volunteer monitoring programs are developed for three reasons: 1) to supplement environmental data collected by professional staffs in governmental agencies and scientific institutions; 2) to educate the public about local environmental problems; 3) to build a constituency of citizen to practice sound environmental management at a local level and build public support for environmental protection. All three goals can be achieved with a well-organized program which provides useful and credible data. Initial step in planning a successful volunteer monitoring project is to clearly identify the use to be made of the data. Technical advice from the identified potential user groups should be convened early in the planning stage to refine the program objectives and determine if volunteers can provide the level of expertise required. Data users must have confidence in the representativeness, consistency, and accuracy of data collected by volunteers. Effective quality assurance and quality control(QA/QC) procedures are essential to ensure the utility of environmental monitoring data. Volunteers must be trained in advance to carry out specific environmental monitoring tasks. Another components of successful volunteer monitoring programs is to give the volunteers praise and feedback as well as to encourage experienced volunteers to impose increased responsibilities. The increase of volunteer monitoring programs in Korea will play a major role in developing a participatory system in which the people are "empowered" to make decisions and make a difference.

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

The height and capacity of the thermal storage tank can be decided by the altitude and heat load of the heat supply area. Evaporation in heat pipe can be prevented by pressurizing it with the hydraulic head of the thermal storage tank. In addition, it absorbs the expanded volume from the temperature changes and supplies water to the pipelines in case of the shortage of water. One of the most important roles of the thermal storage tank is a stable heat supply facility. It can control the heat demand by accumulating the surplus heat and supplying in changing heat demand time. The purpose of this thesis is to be helpful for the operation and maintenance of the thermal storage tanks. The study has been carried out for 18 thermal storage tanks, which have been used polyurethane foam as insulation, among 27 tanks in district heating plants. The characteristics of the insulation materials, the reasons for the damages of the insulation and how impact the insulation damages to the corrosion of the thermal storage tank have been studied.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.50
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• pp.5-28
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• 2010

The theoretical scope of the public sphere has been dramatically expanded as a result of new academic inquiries into the nature of the political and the public in contemporary societies. While appreciating the value of the concept of the public sphere for understanding democratic roles of the media, scholars began to raise questions on Habermasians' exclusive focus on news and public affairs programs, arguing that various entertainment programs also can invoke political deliberation. Terms like affective public sphere, emotional public sphere, aesthetic public sphere, expressive public sphere were used to capture this new conception. To comprehend the theoretical and practical implications of the conceptual expansion of the public sphere for media studies, this study attempted to provide a typology of media-public sphere relationships. By using public-private and rational-emotional axes as two criteria for classification, we created four prototypes of the public sphere (i.e., political public sphere, populism, difference pluralism, and intimacy/privacy) and discussed the characteristics of each type. After setting out media communication as a form of meta-public sphere that mediates and coordinates the four different types of the public sphere, we presented public service broadcasting as an exemplar meta-public sphere in the contemporary society of multiple social antagonisms and differences.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

In line with the recent public concern on the environmental issues in building industry, there has been a rise in demand for a healthy, sustainable housing environment in South Korea. In order to achieve a healthy environment in residential buildings, considerable efforts have been made in a wide range of sectors. Among others, the development of the certification schemes to promote environment-friendly planning and building construction is remarkable. In urban South Korea, recently built houses tend to be significantly high-rise, high-density buildings. Global warming has brought about drastic climate change and continued to increase the average annual temperature year by year. These changes should be well reflected on the government's implementation of the building environmental assessment system. For guidance, therefore, this study looks to the case of Hong Kong which is well known for high-density housing development and subtropical climate conditions. It compares the features of the green building certification schemes for newly developed multifamily housing in two regions, namely HK-BEAM in Hong Kong and G-SEED in South Korea. Based on the findings, it argues that the G-SEED implementor should have expanded roles in providing training programs and follow-up services in collaboration with the certification authorities. It is also argued that G-SEED professionals should be involved in the early stages of design processes, and training programs and licence systems to produce green building professionals should be developed. Finally, it points out that the assessment indicators should be more detailed and diversified.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.106-125
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• 2013

Medical litigation, as a method of resolving medical disputes, has been a huge burden on both the patient and medical institution as it is both costly and time-consuming. The Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency has created a dispute mediation process as a method of alternative dispute resolution(ADR). Being in its early stage of implementation, there are still areas requiring improvement as some functions overlap with the Korea Consumer Agency's damage redress and mediation process. This study examines the problems of existing practices in medical litigation while reviewing the mediation process of the two agencies from legal/administrative aspects, and provides an in-depth analysis of the situation through case studies and interviews. While the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency offers many advantages in resolving medical disputes, there must be a distinct division of roles and mutual cooperation with the Korea Consumer Agency. Considering the increasing amount of compensation in medical disputes, medical professionals are being requested to carry medical malpractice insurance. However, this has yet to become a general trend in the medical field despite the growing social demand. As such, the coverage of medical malpractice insurance should be expanded to prevent medical accidents from escalating into medical disputes, thus acting as a social safety net. This study seeks to examine the methods of medical dispute resolution and to allow institutional provisions to reduce the social costs arising from such disputes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.418-433
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• 2001

The paper is to examine the university as an object for geographical research and to review its related studies. Although the higher education system in Korea has much expanded its capacities since the 1980s, there are few studies that carry out geographical investigations on the themes including locational changes of universities, regional impacts of the university, and interactions between universities and regional development. Therefore, focusing on the university as an innovative element for the regional development in a coming knowledge-based society, this paper first tries to examine and conceptualize new roles and changing functions of the university in facilitating regional economic and social development. It then reviews various studies of educational geography and research shifts on the role of the university in the context of the western developed countries. Finally this study suggests a series of research themes that we should investigate in the future.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.83-106
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• 2004

As the lifespan has been expanded, the marital relationship later in life is getting more important. This study is to find out what the demand for the education of marital couples to improve this relationship. The results can be used as basic data to develop educational programs for elder couples. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Couple role according to socio-demographic variables can be divided into traditional and modern roles. And these variables are shown to be significant in couple role. 2. Need for the education of married couples according to socio-demographic variables. In case of spouses having shorter marriage period, religion, and a nuclear family, and doing social activities, the necessity of education is recognized highly. Those who have a spouse with good health and social activities have experienced a chance to attend the educational program. It is thought that health and social activities have much to do with active living attitude. In case of old age, it can be thought that they don't feel the necessity because they have lived a decent life for a long time. It is just that it comes from the fixed ideas of elder couples who had to spend only a short time with their spouses. That is what elder couples have to overcome. They tend to think that the relationship between the family is more important than that of spouses, and they put family relationship before the quality of their own lives. 3. Influence of the need for the education of married couples according to their role. As their role are becoming modern and their mutual trust, affinity, and cohesion are getting more important, the education of married couples and the experiences of communication and participation in the educational program are thought to be more necessary.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.147-166
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of parenthood of mothers of early school-age children, with emphasis on cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of parenthood. Methods: Nineteen mothers whose children were 1st and 2nd grade elementary school children participated in this study. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. During the interview, mothers were asked to speak freely about their experiences as parents of early-school age children, including parenting beliefs, parenting behaviors, and emotional experiences related to parenting. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in a thematic way using MAXQDA. Results: Using qualitative methods, five major themes were emerged: (1) Recognizing the role of parents as a supporter of growth; (2) recognizing parenthood of the present generation that imposes expanded roles to mothers; (3) co-parenting of early school-age children and marital relationship; (4) co-existence of different parenting styles based on specific mother-child interaction situations; (5) experiencing a wide spectrum of emotions including anxiety, guilt, and depression, as well as happiness. Conclusion: This study revealed the unique cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of parenthood experienced by mothers with early school-age children. Results of this study can fill a gap in our understanding of parenthood of mothers when their children entered into the new developmental stage of middle childhood. The results could also be used as a basis for developing parent education and family relationship programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5445-5451
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• 2015

Fascin-1 (FSCN1) is an actin-bundling protein that induces cell membrane protrusions, increases cell motility, and is overexpressed in various human epithelial cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed various protein-protein interactions (PPI) of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), in fascin knockdown ESCC cells, to explore the role of fascin overexpression. The node-degree distributions indicated these PPI sub-networks to be characterized as scale-free. Subcellular localization analysis revealed DEGs to interact with other proteins directly or indirectly, distributed in multiple layers of extracellular membrane-cytoskeleton/ cytoplasm-nucleus. The functional annotation map revealed hundreds of significant gene ontology (GO) terms, especially those associated with cytoskeleton organization of FSCN1. The Random Walk with Restart algorithm was applied to identify the prioritizations of these DEGs when considering their relationship with FSCN1. These analyses based on PPI network have greatly expanded our comprehension of the mRNA expression profile following fascin knockdown to future examine the roles and mechanisms of fascin action.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives : In this paper, lung atrophy syndrome[肺痿] in 『Huangdineijin(黃帝內經)』 and 『Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略)』 were compared, followed by examining its relation with upper wasting thirst[上消]. Also, ways in which psychological factors that contribute to lung atrophy syndrome could cause upper wasting thirst were studied. Methods : Verses from 『金匱要略·肺痿肺癰咳嗽上氣病脈證治』 and 『素問·痿論』 were analyzed based on various annotators's opinions to determine the cause and mechanism of lung atrophy syndrome and its relationship with upper wasting thirst. Results : In 『Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略)』, lung atrophy syndrome is described as the heat of the upper body entering the lungs to dry it out. The description in 『Suwen(素問)』 differs in that it accompanies atrophy symptoms, but the mechanism is the same. Lung atrophy syndrome in 『Jinguiyaolue』 could come from wasting thirst, while wasting thirst can be accompanied in deficiency caused by chronic lung atrophy syndrome. Heat in the lungs is caused by psychological factors where the person has lost its subject of possession or was unable to attain what was desired. When expanded to include heart atrophy syndrome[心痿] and lung atrophy syndrome[肝痿], the reason for upper wasting thirst could include immense sadness or excessive indulgence in pleasure due to unmet desires. Conclusions : Although diabetes and wasting thirst are not identical, application of wasting thirst pattern differentiation to diabetes treatment and management could lead to tailored treatment of each patient. Moreover, the five zhang pattern differentiation from the 『Suwen(素問)』 could increase treatment efficacy when applied to conditions caused by stress and emotional disorder, which are increasingly playing larger roles in causing wasting thirst, or diabetes.