• Korean Security Journal
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• no.2
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• pp.161-191
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• 1999

Protection martial arts are neither the ability to protect oneself nor the exercise to increase the personal record. Their aim is to protect clients for the sake of their safety, Therefore, it needs special training course distinguished form general martial arts. Those who perform the duty of protection should make efforts to master every skill capable of meeting any situations in which unforeseen accidents may occur. So the coaches of protection martial arts should teach their disciples basic techniques by stages according to each martial art. They also should teach them systematically how to deal with each accidental affair on the ground of protection method. With teaching the way to cope with a crisis coaches might make the disciples feel real by presenting the real situation of different events to which protection arts can be applicable. And a mock exercise with a careful plan and enough practices as well as a mental training to all evaluate the anxiety which might be shown on duty could be helpful for educating elite personnel who will perform the duty of protection completely.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-128
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• 2002

In order to provide information for the establishment and maintenance of a rehabilitation day care center for stroke patients. this study is to assess needs for the rehabilitation day care center of the stroke patients and to identify the factors influencing the needs for the center. The data were collected face-to-face interview with 223 stroke patients. using a structured questionnaire. from September 24. 2001 to November 20. 2001. Major findings are as follows. 1. Most of the participants($94.6\%$) needed rehabilitation day care center for stroke patients. $95.5\%$ of participants were willing to use the rehabilitation day care center. 2. Also the score of the needs for the center's health services was $2.84\pm60$ out of 4.00. In regards to the sub-contents. while the physical exercise therapy showed the highest mark($3.54\pm71$) in the needs. the following marks showed physical therapy($3.48\pm79$), training for the memory. thinking and judgment($3.30\pm93$). training for ADL($3.09\pm99$). health education program($3.04\pm93$). In the meantime. the expected effects from the use of the center are $2.89\pm61$ out of 4 and its sub-contents showed that the center would promote their physical and mental well-being($3.30\pm74$) and the center would be more effective than in home care($3.12\pm70$). 3. Meanwhile. the desired frequency of use in the future and distance had significant interrelation with their families living together(p<.05). In addition those who paid to use it differentiated significantly according to their ages and the types of insurance they had(p<.05). 4. The needs in degrees of speech disorder therapy and hobbies & amusements. the patients with other disease had significantly higher degrees than those patients without it (p<.05). Also in regard to the need degrees for physical therapy. healthy education programs and individual counseling including their families. the degrees of the patients with speech disorders were significantly lower than those of the patients without the disorder (p<.05). On the other hand. the patients with speech disorders were significantly higher than those patients without it in the need degree of the speech disorder therapy (p=.000). And the needs in degree concerning about speech disorder therapy. physical exercise therapy. training for ADL. medicinal substances therapy and family education were negatively correlated with the ADL (r=-.236$\sim$.305, (p<.005). 5. Finally. the expected effect of using the rehabilitation day care center showed significant differences statistically according to whether or not they had other disease (p<.05). In conclusion. the study showed the stroke patients were willing to use the center and had a high requirements for it and they especially had relatively high need degrees for the physical exercise therapy. physical therapy. training for memory. thinking and judgment. and healthy education program. And significant factors for the use of the center were their ages. types of insurance. family cohabitation. complications and speech disorders. ADL and so forth. Accordingly. the rehabilitation day care center needs to be established for the stroke patients and the center should develop rehabilitation care programs. which are individual and special programs customized for each patient's characteristics and health conditions.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-32
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• 2024

Background: Exercise equipments and assistive devices for the disabled are being developed, but improvements for usability are still needed. The purpose of this study was to improve and utilize the developed exercise equipment and assistance devices by conducting usability test for people with spinal cord injury. Design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods: Scenarios and usability indicators were derived by conducting a preliminary usability test, 5 non-disabled men and women aged 19 or older. In the scenario, a total of 9 tasks were sequentially performed, including 2 tasks of entry and exit, 5 tasks of assistance devices and weight stack adjustment, and 2 tasks of pre exercise and exercise. The usability indicators were task success (success or fail), execution time (sec), safety, and convenience. For safety, 7 questions (Likert scale, 1~5 point) related to safety, stability and hazard were derived, and for convenience, the system usability scale (SUS score) was used (range: 0~100, 50 percentile rank is 68 point). Results: As a result of the usability test of people with spinal cord injury, there was a large variation among subjects in the task of adjusting the position of the pulley and support in the execution time (11.64~25.44 seconds), and one person failed to adjust the pulley. The safety level showed a lower score (score = 3 points) than other items in the item of entrapment or skin pressure, and in the case of SUS, the average score was 64.5 points, which was close to the acceptable level. Conclusion: Through the usability test, it was confirmed that exercise equipment for the disabled needs improvement in operability, pinching, and pressure, and that it is necessary to develop an assistive device that provides unrestrained posture information (biofeedback) to maintain correct posture during exercise.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.475-486
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• 2009

Regular activity program is needed for managing chronic disease and obesity and preventing falls as a nursing intervention. It seems that serious game will be very important for older people to keep them active with fun to improve their health. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between health problems and computer game needs in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a convenience sample of adults who are older than 55 years, recruited from several places through trained research assistants and research center that has online pools in Korea. 778 subjects (mean age: $61.4\;{\pm}\;5.6$) were participated in this study. The majority of subjects was male (68.6%). We found that there was higher needs for exercise or serious game in the group of ma1e(55.4%), below undergraduate(66.2%), under two family members(32.5%), over 350,000 won of pocket money/month (40.1%), mild depressive symptom (51.7%), and online responser(68%). Especially, they wanted to overcome physical limitations through games. Higher education, more experiences and skills of using computer/internet was statistically and positively significant to the needs for exercise or serious game. In conclusion, there exists a potential market within this demographic group for the use of serious games. Thus, we need to develop senior games in Korean to improve quality of life and health promotion.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2020

Objective : This study was to examine the effects of general characteristics and fall efficacy on health care program needs through a comparative analysis of general characteristics and health care program needs for the elderly. Methods : In this study, we analyzed data from 118 elderly people with t-test and ANOVA for comparison of fall effectiveness and health care program requirements and with regression for general characteristics and effects of fall effectiveness on health care program needs. Results : The results were as followed: First, there was a significant difference in gender(p=.00), age (p=.00),educational background(p=.00), and existence of spouse(p=.00), and no significant difference in income(p=.17) based on fall efficiency according to the general characteristics. There was a significant difference in gender(p=.00), age(p=.00), educational background(p=.00), and income(p=.00) and no significant difference in existence of spouse (p=.46) based on health care program needs according to the general characteristics. Second, it was shown that the higher age, the higher the income, the higher the effectiveness of the fall, and in case of woman, the more significant the effect of the exercise program had.. The explanation was 56 percent. Third, the higher the age, the higher the income, and the higher the fall efficiency, the more meaningful the cognitive program demand. The explanation was 48 percent. Conclusion : The data from this study showed the importance of fall efficacy in older people with significantly higher risk of falls than in other age groups, and the need for exercise and cognitive management programs to prevent falls.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.495-504
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• 2005

This article explores a constitutive equation that is able to correlate stress, strain and strain rate. In order to show the advantages of the constitutive equation here proposed and how its material parameters are obtained, data extracted from the literature, for materials as different as polymers and metallic alloys, are used. Finite element simulation of the impact behaviour of a beam is presented to highlight the care one needs to exercise when using the more traditional Cowper-Symonds equation. The present constitutive equation has shown to be accurate for a wide range of strains, stresses and strain rates.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.524-536
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationships among experiences of traumatic events, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and the needs for health promotion programs of 119 paramedics. Methods: Experiences of traumatic events, PTS, and needs for health promotion programs were measured using a structured questionnaire. The subjects were 193 paramedics in Jeju Island. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and $x^2$ test. Results: The most experienced event out of the 16 different traumatic events was 'retrieve a suicide's body.' A high-risk classification of PTS was observed in 36.2% of the subjects. The rates of experiences were higher than those of the actual needs for all 26 health promotion programs. The programs reported as highly needed by respondents were stress management (75.5%) followed by exercise (74.6%) and PTS management (72.5%). Subjects with longer career periods, a fire sergeant, perceived obesity, numerous experiences of traumatic events, and in the PTS risk group had a higher need for a stress management program. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a significant number of 119 paramedics experienced PTS. They also show that onsite strategic management is strongly required. In addition, implementation of health promotion programs based on the needs of 119 paramedics is highly needed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the core muscle strength enhancement of the elderly on 8 weeks training using the core exercise equipment for the elderly on the ability to control the whole-body center of mass in posture stabilization. Method: 16 females (10 exercise group, 6 control group) participated in this study. Exercise group took part in the core strength training program for 8 weeks with total of 16 repetitions (2 repetitions per week) using a training device. External perturbation during standing as pulling force applied at the pelvic level in the anterior direction was provided to the subject. In a UCM model, the controller selects within the space of elemental variables a subspace (a manifold, UCM) corresponding to a value of a performance variable that needs to be stabilized. In the present study, we were interested in how movements of the individual segment center of mass (elemental variables) affect the whole-body center of mass (the performance variable) during balance control. Results: At the variance of task-irrelevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.482$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.899$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.039$, p>.05). At the variance of task-relevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.382$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.754$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.106$, p>.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the 8 weeks training through the core training equipment for the elderly showed a significant decrease in the $Vcm_{TIR}$ and $Vcm_{TR}$. This result indicates that the core strength training affects the trunk stiffness control strategy to maintain balance in the standing position by minimizing total variability of individual segment CMs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to use oral instruction and taping to induce abdominal draw-in in the previous study, but there is a lack of research on the comparison of effects. Therefore, in this study, we would like to study how the effect of oral instruction, taping, and no feedback can affect muscle activity when performing abdominal draw-in pier exercises. Methods : Before the experiment, group A trained piers and applied only draw-in piers, group B applied taping feedback, and group C were divided into three groups per week for six weeks, and three sets of contractions for five seconds per group were performed five times, and a minute break was provided between each exercise. As a measurement tool, a wireless surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure surface electromyography (Telemyo-DTS, NORAXON, USA) that derives a synthetic unit of muscle using a surface electrode. For statistical processing of data, the analysis is performed using the SPSS/PC Version 25.0 statistical program for Windows, and the statistical significance level is a=.05 Results : First, the duration was somewhat shorter in order to more accurately compare the muscle activity of the core muscles. Therefore, future research needs to be research that can be exercises with precise biofeedback and taping applied over a longer period of time. Secondly, it is believed that there is no significant difference, since the subjects were studied in healthy young adult men and women, not patients. Thirdly, they could not control the daily life of the subjects. Through future research, it is necessary to analyze the correlation between muscle activity and abdominal muscle thickness by adding ultrasound in addition to muscle activity in various age groups. Conclusion : During draw-in bridge exercise according to feedback, the muscle activity of the back muscle increased, and there was no significant difference in the muscle activity of the back muscle according to each feedback. Therefore, both the feedback applied during the draw-in pier exercise and the control group are effective in changing the thickness of the abdominal muscles.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1999

In this study, focus group interviews were used to investigate female university students' eating behavior, factors related to eating behavior, information sources for nutrition, and formats for nutrition education. Thirty-six students participated in one of five focus groups during December 1998 in Seoul. Focus group discussions were video, audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed by major themes. Results showed that subjects have undesirable eating behaviors, such s eating irregular meals and skipping meals. These behaviors are caused by a lack of time, habit, or for the purpose of losing weight. The students tended to have unbalanced diets and frequently ate out. They had a large amount for dinner and frequently snaked when stressed or had an empty stomach. Most of them were interested in weight control and had attempted to lose weight, but they did not participate in regular exercise. The most frequently used source for nutrition information was the mass media, but much nutrition information was based on what they learned from home economics class during middle to high school. They received more support from mothers, elder sisters, and friends for eating behaviors, such s lowering caloric intake and losing weight. In nutrition education, they wanted to learns behaviorla skills to adopt healthy behaviors, including meal planning, applying scientific weight control methods, exercise that fit into their lives, and stress management. They also mentioned that nutrition screening and assessment should be a part of nutrition education programs. As a method for nutrition education, subjects preferred an individualized approach to group education. These results provide the qualitative information for developing nutrition education programs which will be implemented for Korean University students.