• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2001

배 경 : 폐기종의 중증도 판정에 있어서 병리학적 기준은 기강(air space)의 확장 정도에 있으며, 이는 고해상도 전산화 촬영 (high resolution computed tomography, HRCT)에 의해 결정되는 폐기종 점수(emphysema scoring)와 좋은 상관성을 보인다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 한편 폐기종의 주증상은 운동성 호흡곤란이므로 폐기종에 대한 임상적 평가는 운동능력의 감소를 측정하는 것이 타당하다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 대개의 경우 폐기종의 중증도 판정은 안정시 폐기능 검사에 의존하는 경우가 흔하며, 병리학적 중증도 판정과 상관성이 높다고 알려져 있는 고해상도 전산화 촬영에 의한 폐기종 점수와 운동부하 폐기능검사 지표들과의 상관성 여부에 대한 연구는 드문 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 폐기종의 중증도 판정에 있어서 HRCT와 안정시 폐기능 검사 및 운동부하 폐기능 검사간에 상호 관련성을 확인하여 보았다. 방 법 : 평균 연령 $60.6{\pm}10.3$세인 14명의 폐기종 환자들을 대상으로 HRCT, 안정시 폐기능 검사(forced expiratory flow volume curve, lung volumes by He dilution method, DLco, ABGA), 그리고 점진적운동부하폐 기능검사(incremental cycle ergometer)를 시행하였으며 HRCT는 GE highlight를 이용하여 조영증강 없이 최대흡기시에 1.5mm collimation, 10mm 간격으로 폐전체를 스캔하였고, 환자마다 모든 스캔에서 density mask를 이용하여 -400 HU를 기준으로 한 총폐면적과 -900 HU를 기준으로 한 폐기종 면적을 각각 구하여 백분율로 환산하여 폐기종 점수를 구하였다. 결 과 : 평균 폐기종 점수는 $37.4{\pm}14.9%$ 이었다. 폐기종 점수와 안정시 폐기능 검사의 DLco(r=-0.75)와 $PaO_2$(r=-0.66) 사이에서만 유의한(p<0.05) 상관성이 관찰되었다. 반면 폐기종 점수와 운동부하폐기능 지표들간의 상관성은 최대 산소섭취량(r=-0.68), 혐기성 역치(V-slope method, r=-0.690), 최대운동부하(r=-0.74), 최대운동시 $O_2$ pulse(r=-0.73), 최대운동시의 생리적 사강비율 (r=0.80) 등과 높은 유의성 (p<0.01)을 나타내었다. 그러나 호흡예비율과 심박수 예비율간에서는 유의한 상관성이 없었고, pulse oxymeter로 측정한 산소포화도와의 상관성도 유의하지 않았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과에서 폐기종의 병리학적 중증도를 잘반영한다고 알려진 HRCT 폐기종 접수는 폐기종에 의한 생리학적 장애를 잘 반영하는 운동부하 폐기능 검사의 주요 지표들과 유의한 상관성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

Purpose : The enhancement of abdominal muscles increases the activation and contraction of respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. Generally, diaphragm exercises are applied to increase the breathing ability of patients with respiratory disease. Previous studies have shown that breathing capacity can be increased through abdominal muscle strengthening exercises. However, studies on breathing ability are rare and it is doubtful whether these affect respiratory ability more than diaphragm exercises. Therefore, this study seeks to compare whether abdominal exercises can improve breathing ability and whether any increase is comparable to diaphragm exercises. Methods : After selecting subjects, the place of intervention was separated for blindness. The plank group was allowed to relax for 30 seconds after 30 seconds of planking; this was set at three and increased by one set each week. Subjects in the draw-in group were allowed to relax for 30 seconds after maintaining the draw-in contraction state for 30 seconds and this was done for 15 minutes. Subjects in the control group underwent abdominal dilation for five seconds of inspiration time and expired air for five seconds by exposing the lips; breathing was performed repeatedly for 15 minutes. Subjects in each group measured their respiration function three times before intervention, three weeks after the commencement of intervention and after intervention. Spirovit SP-1 was used to measure respiratory function. In each group, repeated ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function over time and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function between groups. The post hoc was conducted using the LSD method. Results : There was a significant increase in respiratory ability between the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) according to the six-week period. However, there was no difference between each group. Conclusion : For patients with low respiratory muscle strength, plank exercises and abdominal draw-in are beneficial exercises for improving respiratory function. These are expected to be widely used in clinical practice for patients with weak respiratory muscles.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2023

최근 코로나19 사태 이후에 건강관리에 신경을 쓰는 사람이 늘어나고 있으며, 많은 사람들이 취미활동으로 스포츠나 운동 후 근육통의 발생으로 생활에 불편함을 느끼고 운동을 쉬는 경우가 많다. 오랜만에 운동하거나, 무리해서 운동하고 나면 운동 후 24~48시간 이내에 온몸에 알이 배긴 것 같은 통증이 나타난다. 이러한 통증을 '지연성 근육통(DOMS(Delayed onset muscle soreness))'이라고 한다. 본 연구에서는 심부열을 발생시키는 고주파 통증치료기를 사용하여서 지연성 근육통의 통증을 완화에 효과가 있는지 유효성 검증을 진행하였다. 평상시, 통증치료 전, 통증치료 후의 근전도를 측정하고 분석을 통해 RMS 값을 구하고 SPSS 프로그램을 이용해서 통계분석을 진행하였고, 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 그리고 평상시와 통증치료 후의 RMS 값의 통계분석을 진행하여서 유의성이 없는 것을 확인하여서 통증치료 후 얼마만큼 평상시로 회복했는지 확인하였다. 또한, 통증은 같은 통증의 크기라도 사람마다 느끼는 기준이 다르기 때문에 통증의 크기에 대한 NRS 설문지를 진행하여서 피험자들이 느끼는 통증의 크기를 SPSS 프로그램을 이용해서 통계분석을 진행하였고, 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 그래서 본 연구 결과 고주파 통증치료기가 통증부위의 심부열을 발생시켜 온도를 상승시키고, 동맥 및 모세혈관을 확장시켜 혈류량을 증가시켜서 혈액순환 및 신진대사가 증가되면서 지연성 근육통의 통증이 완화되는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2019

수중운동치료는 물의 저항을 이용하여 충분한 운동 효과를 낼 수 있어서 관절염이나 재활치료를 받아야하는 환자들에게 긍정적인 효과를 가진다. 하지만 효과에 대한 국내 연구는 미비한 실정이고, 그 효과에 대한 근본적인 원인규명은 아직까지 확실하지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수중운동 효과의 근본적인 원인을 파악하기 위해 실제 환경과 비슷한 조건으로 Unsteady fluid flow simulation을 진행했다. 해석 모델은 실제 손을 모델링하였고, 손가락 마디에 가해지는 압력변동을 the methods of computational fluid로 분석했다. 손의 수중운동 시, 피부 표면속도와 유동 저항에 의하여 손가락 사이에 다양한 크기의 와류가 발생한다. 와류에 의해 약 -500Pa부터 +500Pa 정도의 압력이 가해지고, 방향을 전환하는 부분에서는 최소 -2000Pa에서 최대 +2000Pa까지의 양압과 음압이 지속적으로 반복됐다. 또한 손가락 마디마다 20Hz ~ 70Hz의 진동수를 가진 압력 변동이 지속적으로 가해졌다. 이러한 지속적인 압력 변동은 손가락 마디에 직접적인 마사지 효과를 제공하고, 관련 부위의 혈액순환에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.154-161
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• 1997

배경 : 장기적인 흡연에 의한 영향은 잘 알려져 있으나 흡연 후 운동시 심폐기능에 미치는 효과에 대해서는 아직 많은 연구가 없다. 따라서 운동시 흡연이 심폐기능에 미치는 즉시 효과를 보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 심폐질환이 없는 건강한 성인 흡연남자 21명을 대상으로 하였으며 운동부하검사 전에 폐기능검사 등 기본검사를 시행하였다. 검사 첫날에는 흡연을 하지않고 산소만을 흡입한 뒤 운동부하 검사를 시행하였고 다음날에는 2시간에 걸쳐 10개를 피운 뒤 운동부하검사를 하여 양군간에 운동검사 지표를 비교분석하였다. 결과 : 1. 대상군의 기저 폐기능 검사상 모두 정상이었으며 운동 전후 양군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2 최대 운동 부하 검사 후 최대산소섭취량은 $2.479{\pm}0.338$ L/min 에서 $2.289{\pm}0.344$ L/min로 유의하게 감소하였으며 무산소 역치는 통계학적 유의성은 없었으나 $1.391{\pm}0.297$ L/min에서 $1.363{\pm}0.302$ L/min으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3. 호흡예비력과 최대운동부하시 MVmax는 통계적 유의성은 없으나 최대운동 부하후 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 $V_D/V_R$, $V_EV_{CO2}$, 및 호흡수는 운동 전후 양군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. $O_2$ pulse는 $14.76{\pm}2.46$ ml/min/beat에서 $13.25{\pm}2.03$ ml/min/beat로 유의하게 감소하였다 HRmax는 $170.4{\pm}10.9$ beats/min에서 $172.4{\pm}12.9$ beats/min로 통계적 유의성은 없으나 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 심박수예비력은 운동 전후에 양군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 흡연은 운동능에 즉시효과를 나타내며 이는 폐환기능보다는 체내 혈중 HbCO치의 상승 혹은 운동에 따른 혈류 장애에 의한 심장기능의 영향에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2010

Cultural sensation by appearance of Elvis Aaron Presley is thought to have been greatly influenced by spread of popular culture beginning to form with the development of mess media in USA that was changed rapidly after the war, changing aspect of popular music in U.S.A through the media development and teenager culture of USA that has rapidly emerged. Elvis intended to change into 'music to be seen' deviating from 'music to be simply listened to' with expressing the conversion of sexual consciousness, defiance to older generation and a sense of value on wealth, and the like, and also suggested a new culture and style to the young people at that time. Flow of Elvis's fashion may be categorized into the classifications such as the fashion in the period. First, Formative period(before 1954) distinguished by pimp look and sideburns with tough image and wild clothes. Second, Establishment period(1954-57) may be categorized into the hot rockabilly style which showed a glittering fashion by brilliant and colorful costumes, the cool rockabilly style which changed him to a fashionable star of modem image(1958-60). Third, re-heyday(after 1968) where a brilliant and bold decoration was displayed. In Elvis fashion, the masculine sensualism, defiance to main value and expression of luxury and consuming culture, etc. are included as a unique aesthetic consciousness. 'Expression of masculine sensualism' represented the sensualism through sexual objectification of men's body by men's sexual ostentation which was prohibited. 'Defiance to main value' means that attempts of non-mainstream image for social class are expressed with an exercise of power by young people through the public. Although the Elvis look has fanned an anti-culture, it was expressed and accepted as having a normally capitalistic appearance. In addition, it being thought of as the standard, symbolizing a success and a wealth through the presentation of image which accepted this material benefit, we may classify this into 'expression of luxury and consuming culture'.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.807-816
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• 2012

The Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) accident has been studied extensively, as part of both post-accident technical assessment and follow-up computer code calculations. The models used in computer codes for severe accidents have improved significantly over the years due to better understanding. It was decided to reanalyze the severe accident scenario using current state of the art codes and methodologies. This reanalysis was adopted as a part of the joint standard problem exercise for the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) - United States Regulatory Commission (USNRC) bilateral safety meet. The accident scenario was divided into four phases for analysis viz., Phase 1 covers from the accident initiation to the shutdown of the last Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCPs) (0 to 100 min), Phase 2 covers initial fuel heat up and core degradation (100 to 174 min), Phase 3 is the period of recovery of the core water level by operating the reactor coolant pump, and the core reheat that followed (174 to 200 min) and Phase 4 covers refilling of the core by high pressure injection (200 to 300 min). The base case analysis was carried out for all four phases. The majority of the predicted parameters are in good agreement with the observed data. However, some parameters have significant deviations compared to the observed data. These discrepancies have arisen from uncertainties in boundary conditions, such as makeup flow, flow during the RCP 2B transient (Phase 3), models used in the code, the adopted nodalisation schemes, etc. In view of this, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are carried out using simulation based techniques. The paper deals with uncertainty and sensitivity analyses carried out for the first three phases of the accident scenario.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2014

This study investigates thermoregulatory behaviors of obese children for their thermal comfort. Nine normal-weight children (NWC) and nine obese children (OC) participated in the study. All subjects were fourth-graders and sixth-graders in elementary school. An informed consent form was obtained from each child and his or her mother. The questionnaire method was used, and the experiment was conducted to determine the preferred amount of clothing at $17^{\circ}C$ and the preferred temperature at $33^{\circ}C$. According to the results, OC were more susceptible to heat than NWC, whereas there was no significant difference in their susceptibility to cold. There were no significant differences of the oral temperature and the mean skin temperature between the two groups, but changes in forearm blood flow were less in OC than in NWC. There was no significant difference in the preferred amount of clothing between OC and NWC, and the preferred temperature was higher in NWC than in OC. The results based on the questionnaire are consistent with those based on the experiment. A compositive study of physical exercise, eating behavior, and wearing behavior should be useful for developing programs for preventing and treating obese children.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

In speed skiing, aerodynamic forces play an important role in determining performance of the skier. To predict aerodynamic effects of the posture of the skier on alpine downhill skiing, we constructed equation of motion of the skier and performed the corresponding CFD simulations. Comparing drag and lift of three different skier postures, it has been shown that drag decreases significantly by tucking upper body to lower body and stretching arms forward. Also, aerodynamic lift which worked as downforce in standing posture worked upward in tuck posture, reducing friction force between snow and ski. This indicates that tuck posture have advantages over standing posture in dual mechanism, namely by reducing drag and also increasing lift. By this two-dimensional initial study we could reveal the general tendency of the aerodynamic force over the skier's body. This study not only provides a theoretical foundation for the athletes to understand the aerodynamic effects of skier postures but also shed a light on towards more accurate and rational three-dimensional CFD simulation of skiers in the near future study.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2018

Background: Progressive muscle weakness is aggravated not only in the skeletal muscles but also in the respiratory muscles in many patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been reported as therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation to improve respiratory strength, endurance, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and to reduce dyspnea. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of playing harmonica for 5 months on pulmonary function by assessing the force vital capacity (FVC), peak cough flow (PCF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in patients with NMD. Methods: Six subjects with NMD participated in this study. The subjects played harmonica once a week for 2 hours at a harmonica academy and twice a week for 1 hour at home. Thus, training was performed thrice a week for 23 weeks. The examiner assessed pulmonary function by measuring FVC in the sitting and supine positions and PCF, MIP, MEP, and MVV in the sitting position at the beginning of training and once a month for 5 months. Results: Both sitting and supine FVC significantly increased after playing harmonica (p=.042), as did MIP (p=.043) and MEP (p=.042). Conclusion: Playing harmonica can be used as an effective method to improve pulmonary function in patients with NMD.