• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.552-562
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• 2023

Objectives: Adolescents who engage in unhealthy behaviors are particularly vulnerable to anxiety. We hypothesized that participation in physical activity could influence the relationship between anxiety and unhealthy behaviors in adolescents. These behaviors include smoking, alcohol consumption, and unsafe sexual activity. Methods: This study included 50 301 students from the first year of middle school to the third year of high school, all from Korea. The unhealthy adolescent behaviors examined included current alcohol consumption, current smoking, and unsafe sexual behavior. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire (GAD-7). Results: The participants had a mean age of 15.19 years and an average GAD-7 score of 4.23. No significant differences were observed in GAD-7 score among exercising participants when categorized by smoking status (p=0.835) or unsafe sexual behavior (p=0.489). In contrast, participants in the non-exercise group who engaged in these behaviors demonstrated significantly higher GAD-7 scores (p<0.001 and 0.016, respectively). The only significant interaction was found between unsafe sexual behavior and exercise (p=0.009). Based on logistic regression analysis, within the non-exercise group, significant positive associations were observed between current smoking and anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.57), as well as between unsafe sexual behavior and anxiety (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.73). However, within the exercise group, no significant association was found between anxiety and either smoking or unsafe sexual behavior. Furthermore, no significant interaction was observed between unhealthy behaviors and exercise. Conclusions: These findings are insufficient to conclude that physical activity influences the relationship between unhealthy behaviors and anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.179-187
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• 2018

This study purpose is to improve athletes by investigating the relation between the leadership behavior type of athletes and athlete satisfaction and exercise flow. The sampling method was non-probabilistic sampling method. The number of questionnaires was 381 for analyzing the data. SPSS/PC+ Window 21.0 version statistical program were used for analyzing the questionnaire answers. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. The study results are as follows. First, there were positive correlations between leadership behavior type of athletes and athlete satisfaction and exercise flow, but not between authoritative behavior of leader behavior type and exercise flow. Second, the effect of leadership behavior type of athletes on satisfaction of athletes was positive on social interaction related with training, instruction, and social support, on task execution related with training and instruction, and on coaching related with training, instruction, and positive feedback. Third, the effect of leadership behavior type of athletes on flow of exercise was positive on cognitive commitment related with training, instructions and positive feedback, and on behavioral commitment related with training, instructions, positive feedback, and social interaction. So, athletes will be able to perform good exercise skills if they come to the game in flowing exercise satisfaction and exercise.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

Management of nutrient intakes through behavior-mordification can be important for improving exercise performance in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nutritional counseling for improving exercise performance capability in athletes. The subjects were seven golfers and fourteen ju-do athletes from Hoseo university, and they have nor received professional hel[ from dieticians. Prior to nutritional counseling, their dietary intakes, lifestyles and dietary habits were evaluated. Nutritional counseling sessions were conducted by a trained dietician every 2-3 weeks for 3-4 month. After 5 counseling sessions, nutrient intakes, lifestyle and dietary habits were re-evaluated. Exercise performance capability was measured by maximal exercise stress test using treadmills. Individual data were assessed as quality index represents the better nutritional status. The common dietary and lifestyle problems were overeating binging, overeating, snacking and drinking alcohol prior to the nutritional counseling. After counseling sessions, the quality index of dietary habits seemed to decrease, especially in ju-do athletes, representing nutritional problems were resolved. Body fat and body mass index decreased in ju-do athletes, but not in golfers. Both athletes have shown to increase oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold and maximal oxygen uptake status, which represents that the athletic performance capacity was improved after counseling sessions. Their respiratory quotients were decreased. In conclusion, nutritional counseling sessions over five times are an effective and efficient approach to change dietary habits to improve exercise performance capacity. Furthermore, clients can have good dietary habits and learn how to manago muscle strength by behavior modification through multiple nutritional counseling sessions. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):79-88, 2001)

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze relations among the stages of exercise change, exercise self-schema, and temptation of quitting exercise to figure out changes to the exercise behavior according to a psychological process. For this purpose, the study used total 297 questionnaires from adults using a public sports center. Collected data was treated with the SPSS 18.0 program, being put to the test through exploratory factor analysis, MANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and discriminant analysis. The findings were as follows: first, there were differences in exercise self-schema according to the stages of exercise change; second, there were differences in the temptation of quitting exercise between coaches and burnout according to the stages of exercise change; third, behavioral self-schema and burnout were major factors to distinguish the stages of exercise change; and finally, exercise self-schema had negative effects on burnout, and cognitive-emotional self-schema had negative effects on affect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

Purpose. Tai Chi exercise, an ancient Chinese martial art, has drawn more and more attention for its health benefits. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on arthritic symptoms (joint pain and stiffness), motivation for performing health behaviors, and the performance of health behaviors among older women with osteoarthritis. Methods. Total of 72 women with the mean age of 63 years old were recruited from outpatients clinic or public health centers according to the inclusion criteria and assigned randomly to either the Tai Chi exercise group or the control. A Sun-style Tai Chi exercise has been provided three times a week for the first two weeks, and then once a week for another 10 weeks. In 12 weeks of study period, 22 subjects in the Tai Chi exercise group and 21 subjects in the control group completed the posttest measure with the dropout rate of 41 %. Outcome variables included arthritic symptoms measured by K-WOMAC, motivation for health behavior, and health behaviors. Results. At the completion of the 12 week Tai Chi exercise, the Tai Chi group perceived significantly less joint pain (t = -2.19, P = 0.03) and stiffness (t = -2.24, P = 0.03), perceived more health benefits (t = 2.67, P = 0.01), and performed better health behaviors (t = 2.35, P = 0.02), specifically for diet behavior (t = 2.06, P = 0.04) and stress management (t = 2.97, P = 0.005). Conclusion. A Sun-style Tai Chi exercise was found as beneficial for women with osteoarthritis to reduce their perceived arthritic symptoms, improve their perception of health benefits to perform better health behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stretching exercise education on female workers' behavior for preventing musculoskeletal diseases. Method: This study educated occupational health nurses working in Seoul and Kyunggi area for stretching exercise methods and then had them educate female workers in each workplace for the stretching exercise methods. The subjects of this study were 205 female workers and the research period was from June to October 2003. Results: The female workers' self-efficacy on stretching exercise increased significantly. The female workers' perceived susceptibility on stretching exercise increased significantly. As for change in practical intention on preventive behavior for musculoskeletal diseases, those who replied to have a plan to exercise regularly and to want to participate in stretching exercise class increased significantly. According to whether to have subjective musculoskeletal symptoms or not, self-efficacy increased significantly after education in both workers with such symptoms and those without, and perceived susceptibility and cue to action increased significantly after education in workers without such symptoms. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop programs to increase self-efficacy and health belief and to apply them to female workers to prevent musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, it is necessary to provide repeated education for female workers' steady practice of preventive behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.656-668
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the effects of combined exercise program for older adults with sarcopenia based on transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: A non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects consisted of 43 older adults with sarcopenia in precontemplation stage, contemplation stage and preparation stage of TTM (experimental group: 22, control group: 21). The developed program consisted of 36 sessions for 12 weeks including combined exercise (60 minutes) and TTM based strategies for enhancing exercise behavior (10 minutes) per session. Data were collected before, immediately after the program between July 31 to October 27, 2017. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Compared with their counterparts in the control groups, older adults with sarcopenia in the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in process of exercise behavior change, pros and cons of decisional balance for exercise behavior, exercise self-efficacy, parameters of muscle, and the level of physical performance. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that this combined exercise program for older adults with sarcopenia based on TTM model was effective and can be recommended as a nursing intervention for older adults with sarcopenia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.90-114
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the influence and effect of muscle enforcement program on Activity of daily living(ADL) improvement and posture balance of the old, and to provide more effective muscle enforcement program and educational data. The muscle enforcement exercise program was performed on the old(institution, 16 men, 10 women) for 8 weeks from April 22, 2002 through June 17,2002. Programed Exercise 1 - Exercise 10 were practised 8 times per program for 3 days a week. The load of exercise was increased per two weeks. The methods of measurement were questionnaire, Indiana 47903(action-response analysis machine) and Sample exercise protocol for KAT 2000(balance training device). SAS/PC statistic analysis was used for data analysis. T-test was used for analysis of change before and after exercise in this study. The summary and conclusions are as follows. 1. On subjectively recognized health states, the healthy were $42.3\%$. On the satisfaction with health states, the satisfied were $50.0\%$. On the factors of effects on daily-life behavior performance, the group who had troubles was $50\%$ and the group who was so and so was $34.6\%$ compared with the old of the same age. On prospect about health states in the future, the group who would be better was $38.\%$. On effective methods for problem solving, exercise was $42.3\%.\;88.5\%$ of respondents answered the need of health care. The participation intention in health program was $92.3\%$. 2. On the change of psychological emotion and behavior aspects, the group who had repeated complaints or anxieties and reduced activities or interests was effective(P<0.01). 3. On the improvement effects of IADL difficulties, the group who had difficulties in doing daily-life indoors was improved effectively compared with before and after exercise(P<0.01). On medication management, the effects of improvement after exercise were high compared with before exercise(P<0.01), the effects of improvement was high on the whole. 4. On the effects of ADL function improvement, putting on upper clothing and lower clothing was improved effectively(P<0.05), toilet use and individual sanitation was improved effectively(P<0.05). 5. On the effects of action-response, the results of 8weeks regular exercise program were not different significantly compared with before and after exercise. The behavior quickness of the old by muscle enforcement program was not increased. This means that the old needs much time for exercise sense training because of the regression of cognition sense. 6. In the effect of posture balance, the whole grades were effective from 1272.69 before excercise to 476.92 after exercise(P<0.01). Especially right balance 657.65 was lowered to 208.57 after exercise most effectively(P<0.01). Rear balance 776.34 before exercise was lowered to 136.65 after exercise. The results of measurement were significant(P<0.05).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether college women would change their exercise and milk intake behavior after the bone mineral density (BMD) test, and to understand the influencing factors in the exercise & milk intake behavioral change. Method: A questionnaire survey which assesses the exercise and m ilk intake behavior was carried out to the 194 college women from June, 2007 to August, 2007, then they had BMD test in the distal radius site. One year later, 146 women have done a similar questionnaire including osteoporosis know ledge, osteoporosis self efficacy, exercise and milk efficacy, and their health belief. Results: The group that had begun regular exercises after the BMD test showed the lowest level of BMD and exercise barrier. And the other group that had been taking exercises before the test, showed the highest osteoporosis self efficacy, exercise efficacy and osteoporosis sensitivity. As for the behavioral change related to milk intake, only the group that had started to intake a cup of milk a day showed the lowest BMD. Conclusion: This study shows that the BMD testing can induce the behavioral change of exercise and milk intake in college women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing health promotion behavior of late-middle aged women. Methods: The subjects were 128 women who were attending a cultural center located in B metropolitan city. Data were collected from July 1 to July 31, 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Health promotion behavior of later middle-aged women was different by general characteristics such as religion, exercise, economic satisfaction, life satisfaction, and leisure time activities. Health promotion behavior had a positive relationship with health perception and perception of successful aging, and a negative relationship with aging anxiety. Health perception, perception of successful aging, exercise, leisure time activities (exercise and social activity) were verified significant factors influencing health promotion behavior accounted for 38%. Conclusion: The results indicate that health perception and perception of successful aging influence health promotion behavior of late-middle age women. It would provide the basic data for the development of program aimed at improving health promotion behavior of late-middle age women.