• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.299-308
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of executive function deficiencies on the relationship between smartphone addiction and memory impairment and to suggest treatment implications for adults with smartphone addiction symptoms. For this study, 300 adults(146 males and 154 females) were conducted smartphone addiction scale, Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale-Short Form(BDEFS-SF), and Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire(MMQ). The results are as follows. First, correlation analyses showed that smartphone addiction, executive function deficiencies, and memory impairment were positively correlated. Second, Smartphone addiction group showed significantly higher scores on all of the subfactors of executive function and memory impairment. Third, Stepwise regression analyses revealed that self-organization/problem solving, self-management to time, self-restraint, and withdrawal were the best predictors of memory impairment. Forth, Executive function deficiencies fully mediated the relationship between smartphone addiction and memory impairment. These findings were considered to suggest that treatment programs for smartphone addiction group needed to include training for cognitive improvement such as executive function rehabilitation.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.651-662
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study identifies whether children's planning-organizing executive function can be significantly classified and predicted by home environment quality and wealth factors. Methods: For empirical analysis, we used the data collected from the 10th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2017. Using machine learning tools such as support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), we evaluated the accuracy of the model in which home environment factors classify and predict children's planning-organizing executive functions, and extract the relative importance of variables that determine these executive functions by income group. Results: First, SVM analysis shows that home environment quality and wealth factors show high accuracy in classification and prediction in all three groups. Second, RF analysis shows that estate had the highest predictive power in the high-income group, followed by income, asset, learning, reinforcement, and emotional environment. In the middle-income group, emotional environment showed the highest score, followed by estate, asset, reinforcement, and income. In the low-income group, estate showed the highest score, followed by income, asset, learning, reinforcement, and emotional environment. Conclusion: This study confirmed that home environment quality and wealth factors are significant factors in predicting children's planning-organizing executive functions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the deficits of executive function in children with ADHD, Asperger's Disorder(AD), and teaming disorder (LD), and to identify the differential characteristics of executive function deficits among three groups. Methods : The clinical group consisted of 46 children between the ages of 7 and 15 (16 ADHD, 16 LD, 14 AD). Neuropsychological tests for measuring cognitive function, attention and executive function were individually administered to children, and their performance scores were calculated based on the age norm for each test. Results : There was no significant difference in FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ among the three groups. However, the AD group tended to show higher scores on the subtests of Information, Vocabulary and Digit Span, and lower score on Comprehension subtest than the ADHD and LD groups, while the LD group tended to show the lowest scores on the Information and Vocabulary subtests. On ADS, the ADHD group showed the highest omission and commission errors. All groups showed poor performances belonging to below 25 percentile ranks on executive function tests when compared to the age norms of normative group. The number of completed category on WCST was the smallest in the ADHD group, while the working memory score was the lowest in the LD group. Conclusion : These results suggest that ADHD, LD, and AD children have executive function deficit in common. However, the specific deficit areas in executive function are different for each group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the mediation effects of deficiency on executive function for male adolescents' game addiction and aggression. For this study, 120 male high school students in Chungnam areas were included in the analysis. The results showed that game addiction showed significant correlations with both deficiency on executive function and aggression. Adolescents addicted to games tended to exhibit higher aggression and more deficiency on executive function than adolescents without game addiction. Deficiency on executive function (mediator) partially mediated the influence of the adolescents' game addiction (independent variable) on aggression (dependent variable). Based on these results, it was suggested that self-instructional training would be helpful for game-addicted adolescents to enhance self-control. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.523-534
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• 2019

This study identifies correlations between the use of media devices, communication ability, and executive function difficulties for third grade students, as well as investigates the moderating effect of a child's communication ability. Data from the 10th (2017) Panel Study on Korean Children [PSKC] was employed (N=557). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical regression were used along with SPSS 25.0(IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). The results were as follows. First, the executive function difficulties in the third-grade showed a significant positive correlation with media device use. While also, showing a negative correlation with a child's communication ability. Media devices use and communication ability has a significant negative correlation. Second, a child's communication ability has a moderating effect in relation to the use of media devices and executive function difficulties. The difficulty of executive function showed a reciprocal increase to a child's use of media devices and indicated a discriminatory effect of a child's communication ability. In conclusion, this study shows that communication ability is important as a personal factor for children who control the negative effects of media devices. Therefore, it is necessary to provide and support an environment for the development of a child's communication ability.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.109-132
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• 2021

Objective: This study examined the relationships among attention deficits/hyper activities problems(ADHD problems), executive function difficulties, and social capital inside the family, especially with the mediating effect of social capital inside the family, in children from dual-income households. Methods: The participants were 401 children from dual-income households from the eighth wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children. They belonged into lower and higher ADHD problems groups that showed below 25% or more than 75% of ADHD screening items' total score. The data were analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis and mediating effect test by PROCESS macro 3.5.3.. Results: Children's executive function difficulties and social capital inside the family were significantly different between the two lower and higher ADHD problems groups. A mediating effect was found based on the negative relationships between the social capital inside the family including mother's warm childrearing behavior and positive coparenting, and children's executive function difficulties. Children's ADHD problems had a negative influence on each of the two social capital variables and each of the two variables had a negative influence on the executive function difficulties. Conclusion/Implications: These results emphasize the meaningful role of social capital inside the family in the development of first graders with ADHD problems from dual-income households.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.38-47
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes in executive function difficulty of first graders depends on evaluations from their mother and teacher and to investigate how its related with their school adaption and academic performance in second grade. Based on the model of the latent profile analysis, the 8th and 9th wave data from Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed. The results of this study were as following. First, results showed that there were three types of latent classes in the executive function difficulty depend on evaluations from their mother and teacher: 'low executive function,' 'students who were highly evaluated by mother,' and 'students who were highly evaluated by teacher.' Second, students' executive function difficulty had a direct effect on the students' school adaption and academic performance in their second year of school. Especially students who were evaluated as having the lowest executive function difficulty showed significant higher means than students who were evaluated higher by mother and teacher. This study emphasized the importance of multiple evaluation in students' executive function difficulty to provide an educational intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.121-133
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Feuerstein's program on Gifted children's executive function. The subjects for this study were 40 Gifted children (3th year elementary students) from KAGE. Twenty were randomly allocated to the experiment group and the other 20 to the control group. The results of this study were as follows: The experiment group exhibited statistically significant improvement in attention control, cognitive flexibility and information process procedure compared to the control group. The results proved that FIE program had an effect on improvement of executive functions in gifted children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the deficits in executive function in children with ADHD and anxiety disorder, and further, to characterize executive function deficits among the two groups. Methods : Subjects consisted of 60 children between the ages of 5 and 14 (16 Normal, 24 ADHD, 20 Anxiety Disorder). Neuropsychological tests (KEDI-WISC, CCTT, STROOP, WCST, ROCF) for assessing cognitive and executive function were individually administered to all subjects. Results : There were no significant differences in FSIQ or PIQ among the three groups. However, the ADHD group tended to score lower on the VIQ and subtest of similarity, vocabulary, and digit span tests. The three groups did not significantly differ with respect to CCTT test results. On the STROOP test, the ADHD group showed poor performance on the word, color, and color-word subtests. The three groups did not exhibit significant differences in WCST test results ; however, the anxiety group performed poorly belonging to below 25 percentile rank on perseverative response. On the ROCF test, the ADHD group performed poorly with respect to their organization score and in particular, regarding copy and immediate recall. The anxiety group also performed poorly with regard to organization ; however, this was limited only to immediate recall. Conclusion : Children with ADHD displayed poor inhibition and organizational abilities compared to children with anxiety and normal controls. Further, children with anxiety disorder exhibited low cognitive flexibility and voluntary problem-solving abilities compared to ADHD children and normal controls. Based on these results, we suggest that the characteristics of executive dysfunction in ADHD and anxiety disorder in children are different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between executive function and gait evaluations for the elderly, and validate the obstacle gait evaluation as a cognitive impairment test tool. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional design. 79 people aged 65 years or older were selected as subjects. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC) to evaluate overall cognitive function and the Trail Making Test (TMT) A, B to measure executive function were performed. The 4-meter walking speed test and the walking speed test while crossing over an obstacle were carried out to evaluate gait. The Spearman's correlation was used to measure the correlation between cognition and gait speed. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the 4 m gait speed and executive function( TMT-A (p = .056), TMT-B (p = .115)). However, there was a significant correlation between the 4 m gait speed and MMSE-KC (r = .277, p < .05). There was also a significant correlation between walking speed while crossing over an obstacle and all tests (MMSE-KC (r = .382, p < .01). TMT-A (r = -.327, p < .01), TMT-B (r = -.283, p < .05)). CONCLUSION: It was found that the gait speed while crossing over an obstacle was correlated with all cognitive function tests. Therefore, we suggest the use of the gait speed test while crossing over an obstacle rather than the simple gait test to diagnose cognitive decline.