• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02b
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• pp.158-163
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• 1994

Slightly elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (microalhuminuria) is a marker of early diabectic nephropathy, but it is unclear if the established definition of microalbuminuria ($20-200{\mu}g/min$) is correct for children and adolescents. We investigated th.: albumin excretion rate, albumin/creatinine ratio and urinary albumin concentration in 150 healthy schoolchildren and adolescents to (a) obtain a reterence value for albumin excretion rate, (b) relate albumin excretion to pubertal stages and (c) evaluate albumin/creatinine ratio and morning albumin concentration as screening methods for elevated albumin excretion rate. Albumin concentration was measured by immunoturbidimetry in timed overnight urine samples. The albumin excretion showed a skewed distribution (geometric mean $3.2{\mu}g/min$, 95 percentile ($15.1{\mu}g/min$). In girls. a peak in the albumin excretion rate was found at the pubertal stage 4 (Tanner) and in boys at stage 5. Albumin/creatinine ratio of 2.5 mg/mmol as a screening level for elevated albumin excretion ($15{\mu}g/min$) showed a high positive (0.88) and negative (0.99) predictive value.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of study is to find a correlation between Salivary clearance rate using saliva and blood and Secretion rate and Excretion rate using Salivary gland Scan images. Materials and Methods: Salivary Scan and Stimulate clearance of $^{99m}Tc$-pertechnate was performed in 20 patients with moderate function(group 1), 9 patients with severe function glands (group 2), 3 patients with non function (group 3) and normal 6 controls. Salivay clearance rate was compare with Secretion rate and Excretion rate of Salivary glands' ROI. Result: Stimulate salivary clearance of normal controls was 18.4 ml/min, salivary clearance of group 1 was 10.1 ml/min, salivary clearance of group 2 was 10.4 ml/min and salivary clearance of group 3 was 2.3 ml/min. Significant difference was found between normal controls and group 2,3 (p<0.05, p<0.05). Secretion rate and Excretion rate of normal controls was 21.6%, 24.6%, Secretion rate and Excretion rate of group 1 was 17.6%, 24.0%, Secretion rate and Excretion rate of group 2 was 8.8%, 13.9% and Secretion rate and Excretion rate of group 3 was 5.6%, 2.9%. Significant difference was found between normal controls and group 2,3 (p<0.05, p<0.05). Conclusions: Stimulate salivary clearance using saliva and blood and Secretion rate and Excretion rate using Salivary gland Scan images accord well together.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 1990

Forty-two outbred female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 145 g were used to study the effects of a beta-agonist, cimaterol, on growth, body composition and urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (MH) at 3, 6 and 18 d. Cimaterol (CIM) was administered in the feed at 10 mg/kg. The growth promoting effect of CIM was most evident during the initial part of the feeding period, followed by a gradual decrease in the magnitude of the response with no significant effect at 18 d. The action of CIM was confined to skeletal and cardiac muscles with no stimulating effect on other organs. The amount of urine excretion and urinary MH excretion was reduced (p<.01) at 3 d in the CIM group. No difference was found at 6 d, followed by an increased urine excretion (p<.05) and MH excretion (p<.01) at 18 d. An inverse relationship between growth rate and urinary MH excretion suggested that the increased growth rate of CIM-fed rats during the initial part of the feeding period is primarily attributed to the decreased protein degradation rate. It was further suggested that both fractional synthesis rate and fractional degradation rate increased during the later part of the feeding period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

Five buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$) showed no significant changes in the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, plasma constituents and renal hemodymics during intravenous infusion of urea for 4 h. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased while the renal urea reabsorption markedly increased during urea infusion. The decrease of fractional potassium excretion was concomitant with the reduction of the rate of urine flow and urine pH. In animals exposed to heat ($40^{\circ}C$) the rectal temperature heart rate and respiratory rate significantly increased while no significant changes in GFR and ERPF were observed. An intravenous infusion of urea in heat exposed animals caused the reduction of the rate of urine flow with no changes in renal urea reabsorption, urine pH and fractional electrolyte excretions. During heat exposure, there were marked increases in concentrations of total plasma protein and plasma creatinine whereas plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration significantly decreased. It is concluded that an increase in renal urea reabsorption during urea infusion in buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature depends on the rate of urine flow which affect by an osmotic diuretic effect of electrolytes. The limitation of renal urea reabsorption in heat stressed animals would be attributed to an increases in either plasma pool size of nitrogenous substance or body metabolism.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 1976

Author have already reported that urinary aldosterone excretion of the Korean who usually eat high sodium diet is significantly lower comparing with the American, although the plasma aldosterone concentration is identical in the former with that of the latter. Measurement of urinary aldosterone excretion and Plasma concentration only is insufficient to establish the pressence and/or mode of evolution of the Korean. In this experiments, aldosterone secretion rate(ASR) was measured in normotensive Korean during high and low dietary sodium intake with or without additional potassium supply. Results were as follows; 1) In normal Korean, dietary sodium restriction resulted in appreciable increase in ASR, and a sustained increase in urinary aldosterone excretion with an increase in plasma level. 2) Oral potassium loading easily stimulated the adrenal cortex of the Korean who already adapted to a high sodium diet when dietary sodium is still identical with not·mal American. 3) Quantitative relationships between aldosterone secretion rate, plasma concentration and urinary excretion of aldosterone were altered by potassium loading. 4) Urinary aldosterone excretion didn't reflect concurrent increase aldosterone secretion in subjects with Potassium intake. It was discussed that the changes of tile relationships and of adrenal hyper response on Potassium Beading in the Korean will be elucidated by measuring the metabolic clearance rate.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1976

Marked augmentation of urinary aldosterone excretion following furosemide administration was observed in previous experiment. In this study, author measured the changes of aldosterone secretion after furosemide administration in normotensive young volunteers with high sodium intake. After intravenous injection of $1.2-^3H-aldosterone$, urine samples were collected in course of time until 24 hours after the injection. Furosemide administration was done at 30 minutes prior to aldosterone injection. Specific activities of $^3H-aldosterone$ during and after diuresis were measured and aldosterone secretion rates were calculated dividing the doses by specific activities. Results were as followed 1. Furosemide resulted in a marked increase in urinary aldosterone excretion. 2. Furosemide lead to an increase in both sodium and potassium excretion. 3. Aldosterone secretion rate was also increased during furosemide diuresis, but the rate was smaller than that of urinary excretion. 4. Continuous modest increase in aldosterone secretion rate was shown after diuresis and total excess amount of aldosterone secretion for 24 hrs was equivalent to the amount of aldosterone excretion produced by diruesis. 5. Abrupt marked loss of circulating aldosterone produced by diuresis was supplemented by long lasting increase in secretion for over twenty four hours.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-124
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• 1986

Since it has been suggested that atrial receptor may be involved in the mechanism of extracellular volume regulation, it was shown that the granularity of atrial cardiocytes can be changed by water and salt depletion, and that an extract of cardiac atrial tissue, when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, was shown to cause a large and rapid increase in renal excretion of sodium. Various natriuretic peptides were isolated and synthetized, and the effects were investigated by many workers. Most studies, however, have been carried out under anesthesia and there have teen some controversies over direct effect of the factor on the renal function. Therefore, it was attempted in this study to access the effects of an atrial extract and a synthetic natriuretic factor in unanesthetized rabbits. Intrarenal arterial infusion of atrial extract caused a rapid increase of urinary volume and excretion of sodium. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were both increased with no change in filtration fraction. The ventricular extract produced no change in urinary excretion of electrolytes, nor in renal hemodynamics. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor caused increases of renal excretory rate of sodium, chloride and potassium, and $FE_{Na}$. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow increased. And free water clearance also increased. Accentuated excretory function correlated well with increased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow during infusion and for 10 minutes following the cessation of the infusion. Renin secretion rate decreased during constant infusion of atrial natriuretic factor. However, no correlation was found with the changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or urinary excretion of sodium. These results suggest that atrial extract or atrial natriuretic factor induces changes in renal hemodynamics, as in excretion of electrolytes either indirectly through hemodynamic changes or directly by inhibiting tubular reabsorption. At the same time, renin secretory function is affected by the factor possibly through an unknown mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 1967

The mammary excretion of suphamethomidine after intravenous and/or oral administration was investigated in cow. The results show that sulphamethomidine is bound to plasma proteins to a great extent (80~90%). Ay a dosage of 60 mg./kg. maximal concenration in plasma of this sulphonamide was reached 7-10 hours after oral dosing. The sulphonamide concentration in plasma slowly declined after both oral and intravenous administration (fig. 1, 2, and 3) The concentration of sulphonamide in milk was very low and the excretion was completed in 7 days after a single oral dose and 5 days after intravenous injection while in the case of blood plasma it was 11 and 7 days, respectively. In addition, the renal excretion of sulphamethomidine was investigated while under continuous intravenous intravenous infusion. The excretion ratios varies according to self depression (table. 1). Blockade of the tubular secretion with diodone lowered the excretion of sulphamethomidine. It is concluded that the renal excretion of sulphamethomidine in cows occurs by filtration by slight tubular secretion and also by a high rate of back diffusion.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

This study evaluated the risk of single and combined exposure to microplastics in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through biomarkers, such as survival rate, excretion rate, and histological alterations of organ systems. The experimental groups were the control(Cont.), single microplastics exposure group(MPs, 1.83%/fish total weight(g)), the copper group(Cu, 21.6 ㎍ L^-1), and a group with combined exposure to MPs and copper (MPs^*Cu). The experiment was conducted with individual exposure (7 days) for MP excretion rate analysis and group exposure (14 days) for biomarker analysis. The daily excretion rate of MPs tended to decrease in a time-dependent manner. The copper concentration in the body was not significantly different between single and combined copper exposure. The degeneration of mucous cells in the skin, capillary dilation of the gill lamella, increased intestinal mucous, hepatocyte hypertrophy, and the degeneration of glomeruli and renal tubules were observed in all exposure groups. These histological alterations showed the highest tendency in the MPs^*Cu group. In this study, the changes in biomarkers were attributed to the single effect of copper or the combined effect of copper and MPs rather than being solely influenced by MPs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2008

Data of 42 balance measurements from dry and lactating Holstein cows and blood and urine samples from 24 Japanese Black cows were collected to evaluate the potential for predicting urinary nitrogen (N) excretion from plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). Similar positive correlations were obtained between N intake and apparent N absorption in dry and lactating cows. The regression equations of N intake on urinary N excretion varied in dry and lactating cows, and the difference of urinary N excretion between dry and lactating cows was due to the N secretion into milk. Highly positive correlations were observed between urinary N contents and urinary urea N in Japanese Black cows, and urinary urea N increased with increasing PUN. There were positive correlations between N intake and PUN in dry and lactating cows, but PUN and urinary N excretion in lactating cows were higher than in dry cows. There were positive correlations between PUN and urinary N excretion per BW in dry and lactating cows. Although urinary N excretion could be calculated as (N clearance rate of kidneys)PUNBW, high N clearance rate of kidneys, such as 2.08 L/d/kg BW, may be suitable to calculate urinary N excretion in lactating cows, compared with 1.33 L/d/kg BW in dry cows.