• 약학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.665-673
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• 1999

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of ketanserin, a specific antagonist of 5-HT2 receptor, on renal function in dogs. Ketanserin (50.0 and $150.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$), when given intravenously, produced antidiuretic action accompanied with the decreased amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine (ENa, EK) and the increased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules (RNa, RK). Ketanserin (50.0 and $50.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$), when administered into a renal artery, elicited antidiuretic action in both experimental and control kidney, this time changes of renal function showed the same aspect as when given intravenously. Ketanserin (15.0 and $50.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) injected into the carotid artery exhibited also antidiuretic action and this antidiuretic action was not affected by renal denervation. Above results suggest that ketanserin elicits antidiuretic through central function, this central antidiuretic action is not mediated by renal nerves.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a widely used insecticide in agriculture and household area. In mammals, PYRs such as deltamethrin is metabolized to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in liver that is mainly excreted in urine. This study is designed to single exposure of deltamethrin to rats in a dose-dependent manner and identify the correlation between deltamethrin exposure and its metabolite (3-PBA) in urine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure levels of deltamethrin were control (0 mg/kg bw), low (0.0705 mg/kg bw), medium (0.705 mg/kg bw) and high (7.05 mg/kg bw) dose. Low concentration was derived by ussing Korea predictive operator exposure model (KoPOEM). Dermal exposure persisted for 6 h, and urine specimens were collected for 24 h. The urine matrix was removed after a series of procedures and 3-PBA was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: There was a strong correlation ($R^2=0.83$) between the amount of oral exposure to delta me thrin and urinary levelof3-PBAexcreted. In dermal exposure groups of deltamethrin except high-dose, also there was a good correlation between urinary 3-PBA and deltamethrin exposure, but not stronger than in oral deltamethrin exposure groups. Based on these results, therefore, the amount of 3-PBA in urine can be used as a good monitoring indicator that reflexing the exposure level of deltamethrin to human body.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.784-791
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• 1994

This study was to investigate the cadmium removal effect of Korean green tea, black tea and oolong tea beverage on Cd administered rat, tissues and their excretions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 143±3.2g were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group were fed standard diet without cadmium . The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 40 ppm Cd, were divided into 4 subgroups again , which were the groups given distilled water (CD group), 5% black tea (BT group), oolong tea (OT group ) and green tea (GT group), respectively. Five days before to sacrifice the rats, all 4 cadmium fed groups were supplied 1 ml of water with 600ppm Cd and control group were fed 1 ml of distilled water without Cd under the same dietary condition. After that, their excretion were collected separately for 3 days. In rat liver and kidney, accmulation of cadmium in 4 Cd administered groups were more than in control group and that of GT group was significantly less than CD group. In bone , also, accumulation of cadmium in 4 Cd administered groups was more than in control group and that of GT, OT,BT groups were much less than that of CD group. GT group was excreted more Cd in urine than Cd group. In feces, 3 tea feeding groups (BT, OT, GT group) were excreted Cd 1.7, 2.1, 2.4 times more than that of the CD group, respectively. We conclude that cadmium accumulations of GT feeding group in rat's liver, kidney and bone were much less than CD group , and the absorption and retention rate of GT group was significantly lower than CD group.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.156-164
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• 1996

Benzidine is recognized as a urinary bladder carcinogen in humans. The use of benzidine in industries was prohibited because of its carcinogenecity, but, production and usage of benzidine-based dye was still permitted in most countries. This study was performed to compare the excretory patterns of urinary metabolites between benzidine-based dye(Direct Black 38) and benzidine in rats Benzidine-based dye was administered orally at the doses of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 mmol/kg and benzidine was administered orally at the doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mmol/kg into Sprague-Dawley rats. To analyze benzidine and its metabolites, the high performance liquid chromatography with an electric chemical and ultraviolet detector were used. N-acetylbenzidine, N,N'-diacetylbenzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were identified in the urine of the rats receiving dye and benzidine. The excreted amount of the urinary benzidine from dye was almost 1/10 of that from benzidine. Excretion rates of metabolites were more prolonged in the dye receiving group than those of the benzidine group. Peak concentration time of urinary N,N'-diacetylbenzidine was more prolonged than other metabolites in both groups. The excreted amount of N-acetylbenzidine was more than the others in both group. These results suggested that N-acetylbenzidine may be an useful Biological exposure index for benzidine-based dye.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1987

There have been reports on the aberration of the control mechanisms of the blood pressure, hormone secretion, and renal functions in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system in the maintenance of high blood pressure in SHR is still controversial. Recently, it has been reported that the negative feedback short loop control mechanism of the renin-angiotensin system may be changed in SHR. In the present experiment, it was attempted to explore the possible alterations in the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the renal function in SHR. Experiments have been done in anesthetized SHR as well as in normotensive Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats as control groups. Pharmacologic doses of AVP (10-13 mU/rat/10 min) decreased urine volume, excreted amount of creatinine and para-amino-hippuric acid. No differences in these parameters was observed between normotensive and hypertensive rats. AVP increased sodium and potassium excretion, but the responses in SHR were suppressed as compared with normotensive rats. Intravenous infusion of AVP also increased blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats and a vasopressor effect of AVP was attenuated in SHR. There was a positive correlation between the changes in blood pressure and excreted amount of sodium during AVP infusion. These data suggest that the attenuated natriuretic effect of intravenous infusion of AVP may be due to a difference in renal tubular responsiveness to AVP but not due to a difference in vasopressor responsiveness.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1969

The direct effect of isoproterenol on renal function, when given intravenously, is usually obscured by its potent hypotensive action. To obviate the latter action, isoproterenol was infused directly into one renal artery of the dog, the other kidney serving as a control for the general action. And following results were obtained. In the first series of experiments, the directic action of isoproterenol was ascertained. $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$. reduced on both kidneys the urine flow, clearances of PAH and creatinine, as well as the amount of sodium excreted, but the effect was weaker on the experimental side than on contralateral side. With $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg/min$., two cases among 6 experiments showed marked diuresis, two cases no apparent effect, and another two marked antidiuresis on the experimental kidney, whereas the contralateral kidney exhibited antidiuresis in all cases. Further reducing the dose unmasked the diuretic action on the ,experimental kidney. In another series, the effects of isoproterenol on the blood flow distribution within the kidney and on sodium concentration gradient within the kidney tissue were observed. $0.05\;{\mu}g/kg/min$ isoproterenol markedly increased the medullary plasma flow and slightly increased total renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, along with concomitant increase in the amount of sodium excreted and osmolar clearance, and decrease in reabsorption of free water. Sodium concentration gradient markedly decreased in the experimental kidney, reaching 2/3 of the value observed in the contralateral kidney at the papilla. It is thus concluded that isoproterenol exerts a diuretic action, when infused directly into a renal artery, and the mechanism of the action rests on its hemodynamic action, substantiated as the increase in glomerular filtration and in the medullary blood flow, resulting in washout of hyperosmolality produced by the coutercurrent multiplier system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.569-579
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• 1994

The genetically determined ability to metabolize debrisoquine (DBR) is related to risk of lung cancer and DBR hydroxylation exhibits wide inter-individual variation. In this study, 100 korean adults were tested for their ability to metabolize DBR. The DBR metabolic phenotype were determined by metabolic ratio (MR, DBR / 4-HDBR) which is the percent dose excreted as unchanged DBR divided by the percent dose excreted as 4-hydroxyebrisoquine(4-HDBR) in a aliquot of an eight hour urine sample, after 10mg DBR test dose administration. Analysis was performed on a capillary gas chromatograph fitted with electron capture detector. The results were as follows; 1 Geometric mean of DBR MR was 0.32 in male,0.27 in female,0.30 in total and the distribution of log (MR) was seemed to follow normal distribution. 2. Metabolic ratio of DBR was higher in non-smoker and non-drinker than in smoker and drinker without any statistically significant difference. 3. None of personal factors was significantly related to DBR MR except age. 4. The DBR metabolic phenotype was extensive metabolizer(EM) 93, intermediate metabolizer(IM) 7 by traditional method and EM 98, IM 3 by Caporaso's method. The poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype was not found by either method. 5. Maximal expected PM phenotype was 0.36% by traditional method and 0.04% by Caporaso's method.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

국소적으로 사용된 불소의 일부와 전신적으로 사용된 불소는 체내로 유입되어 우식을 예방하는 효과를 가진다. 그러나 적정 수준 이상의 불소가 체내로 유입되면 전신적으로 여러 가지 이상을 일으키는 급성, 만성 불소증과 치아불소증을 일으킬 수 있다. 따라서 최대한의 우식예방 효과를 가지며 부작용을 일으키지 않는 적절한 불소량을 아는 것은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 불소의 섭취량을 역추적 할 수 있는 가장 일반적인 방법으로는 체외로 배출되는 요내 불소농도를 측정하는 것을 들수 있다. 따라서 불소투여 후 불소의 체내 잔류시간과 일별 요내 불소농도를 비교하고자, 7명의 성인 남자를 대상으로 서로 다른 용량의 불소보조제-대조군 : 불소를 복용하지 않은 군, 1군 : 불소 1mg 복용군, 2군 불소 : 2mg 복용군, 3군 : 불소 3mg 복용군, 4군 : 불소 4mg 복용군 - 를 복용시킨 후 시간변화에 따른 요내 불소농도를 HMDS를 이용한 확산법과 불소이온전극(Orion, 96-09, U.S.A.)을 사용하여 측정하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대조군 요내 불소농도의 평균값은 0.707ppm, 표준편차는 0.362ppm 이었다. 2. 불소투여 후 첫날 요내 불소농도는 4군(4.076ppm), 3군(2.400ppm), 2군(1.494ppm), 1군(0.362ppm) 순으로 높았다. 둘째날부터 1, 2, 3군에서는 대조군과 비교시 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았으나 4군에서는 둘째날까지 대조군보다 유의성 있게 높았다(p<0.05). 3. 투여된 불소량의 증가에 따라 요내 불소농도도 증가되어 유지되었는데, 둘째날까지는 유의성 있게 높게 유지되었고 셋째날부터는 대조군과 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.471-477
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• 1992

본 연구는 해조류가 정상적인 Na, Ca, K 흡수대사와 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 시행되었다. 실험대상자들은 영양적으로 조절된 일상식이로 5일간 적응시킨 후 미역, 다시마, 파래, 김 등 해조류가 첨가된 식이를 5일간 섭취하였다. 이때 전 실험기간 동안 섭취된 Na, Ca, K 배설량을 측정하였고 또한 혈청중 total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid 함량을 분석함으로써 해조류와 Na, Ca, K 배설량과 지질대사와의 유의성을 규명하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 실험기간동안 섭취된 Na와 K는 각각 56%, 64%의 비율로 소변으로 배설되었지만, 반대로 Ca는 주로 대변으로 많이 배설되었다. 2) 식이로 섭취된 양과 대변중으로 배설된 양과의 비교에서 Na와 K는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 3) 반면에 식이로 섭취된 Na, Ca, K는 혈청 농도에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4) 혈청 total cholesterol, triglyceride 농도는 유의적(P<0.05) 수준에서 현저히 감소함으로써 해조류가 정상인의 지질대사에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 선택한 미역, 다시마, 파래, 김 등의 해조류는 체내 무기질 이온의 대변으로서의 배설을 촉진하여 정상인의 Na, Ca 및 K 대사조절에 영향을 미치며 혈청 지질 강하 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2005

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of 11-hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a novel anthracycline, after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration at a multiple dose every 24 h for 5 days in rats. To analyze ID-6105 levels in biological samples, we used an HPLC-based method which was validated in a pharmacokinetic study by suitable criteria. The concentrations of ID-6105 after the multiple administration for 5 days were not significantly different from the results after the single administration. The $t_{1/2\alpha}, t_{l/2\beta}, V_{dss}, and CL_{t}$ after the multiple administration were not significantly different from the values after the single administration. Moreover, the concentrations of ID-6105 1 min at day 1-5 after i.v. bolus multiple administration did not show the significant difference. Of the various tissues, ID-6105 mainly distributed to the kidney, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and liver after i.v. bolus multiple administration. ID-6105 concentrations in the kidney or lung 2 h after i.v. bolus administration were comparable to the plasma concentration shortly after i.v. bolus administration. However, the ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues 48 h after i.v. bolus administration decreased to low levels. ID-6105 was excreted largely in the bile after i.v. bolus multiple administration at the dose of 3 mg/kg. The amounts of ID-6105 found in the bile by 12 h or in the urine by 48 h after the administration were calculated to be $14.1\% or 4.55\%$ of the initial dose, respectively, indicating that ID-6105 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, ID-6105 was rapidly cleared from the blood and transferred to tissues, suggesting that ID-6105 might not be accumulated in the blood following i.v. bolus multiple dosages of 3 mg/kg every 24 h for 5 days. By 48 h after i.v. bolus administration, ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues had decreased to very low levels. The majority of ID-6105 appears to be excreted in the bile.