• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2007

This study assessed folate intakes, folate concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, and urinary excretion of folate metabolites in Korean women with childbearing potential. A total of 23 women voluntarily participated in this study. Precise dietary intakes for 3 consecutive days were determined by weighing all foods consumed and folate intake was calculated using a computer-aided dietary analysis system. Folate concentration of plasma and erythrocytes was determined by a microbiological method. Plasma tHcy concentration was assayed using an HPLC analysis method. Urine excreted over the same period of time was collected and folate catabolites, para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) and para-acetamidobenzoylglutamate (ApABG), were evaluated using a reverse-phase HPLC method after affinity chromatography. Young women of 20 and under were likely to consume less folate with low energy intake, had lower folate concentration in plasma and erythrocytes, and excreted a lesser amount of ApABG and total folate catabolites than women of 25 years and over. The results of this study confirmed that young Korean women with childbearing potential, especially those under 21 years of age, might be at risk for compromised folate status due to insufficient folate intakes from inadequate energy consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2010

Livestock production in Vietnam is, as in most Asian countries, increasing rapidly and changing into specialized highly intensified operations. The volume of animal excreta generated exceeds the capacity of the operation land base and cannot be utilized efficiently. As a consequence, there is a loss of plant nutrients from livestock farms that causes environmental pollution. This study carried out a feed and excretion experiment measuring fecal characteristic, daily fecal production, daily nitrogen and phosphorous excretion from grower-finisher pigs fed prevalent rations in Vietnam. Furthermore, equations for assessing the excretion were tested, which can be used in farm models for optimal recycling of manure while focusing on reducing pollution. The results indicated that fecal production and nutrient excretion were affected by the different rations tested. This study showed that five selected equations for predicting excretion from grower-finisher pigs in Danish conditions can also be used with precision in Vietnamese pig farming systems. The equations have been proven valid and can, therefore, be used as a much needed tool for assessing fecal production and nitrogen in excreta on pig farms. The study also showed that about 12% of nitrogen excreted was emitted during housing. Waste water contains more than half of the nitrogen excreted, mainly in ammonium form which has a high potential for gaseous emission.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1989

To obtain the basic data for protective roles and first-aid of radiation hazard, the present studies were carried out to evaluate the decontamination of radiostrontium by the First-Aid drugs. Each mouse was administered intraperitoneally dose of sodium alginate 5mg, $CaNa_3DTPA$ 8.4mg and saline 5ml following the internal contamination with 1 $\mu$Ci of strontium as $^{85}SrCl_2$. $^{85}Sr$ was determined by the radioactivity of body burden, urinary excretion, fecal excretion and organ distribution by Ge-detector and MCA. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Effective half life on whole body retention $^{85}Sr$ was determined at 33 hours. 2. The decontamination effect of First-Aid durgs on the body $^{85}Sr$ burden were increased $CaNa_3DTPA$ (4.7 times), sodium alginate (1.7 times) and saline (2.4 times) respectively. 3. Strontium were excreted through urine (35.4%), feces (64.4%) and other (0.2%). But on the $^{85}Sr$ excretion routes following First-Aid drugs treatment, strontium-85 mainly were excreted through urine after $CaNa_3DTPA$ and saline treatment, and was excreted through feces after sodium alginate treatment. 4. The organ distribution of strontium-85 is vertebra, femur, sternum and liver in order Finally, the extrapolations from these data to victims were suggested that the rapid administration of $CaNa_3DTPA$, sodium alginate and saline simultaneously were markedly increased the decontamination effects on the internal contamination of radiostrontium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.573-578
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• 1999

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of diet for growing-finishing pigs with high level of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from by-products on nitrogen excretion and nitrogen losses from slurry during storage. Sixteen commercial crossbred barrows of about 68 kg BW were randomly allotted to one of four diets. The control diet was formulated using tapioca and rice as basal energy sources. In the other diets, tapioca was replaced by either coconut expellar, rice bran or beer by-product. The diets differed mainly in the amount and compostition of NSP. After a 12-day adaptation period, urine and faeces were collected separately in metabolism cages for 9 days. Urine and faeces from the first four days were used to analyse the nitrogen partitioning. Urine and faeces from the last 5 days were mixed as slurry. The slurry was sampled at the end of the collection period and again after 30 days storage, to analyse for nitrogen to calculate the losses. Increasing dietary NSP reduced urinary nitrogen and nitrogen losses from the slurry during storage. The pigs fed the diet based on beer by-product excreted the most nitrogen via faeces and the least nitrogen via urine. Nitrogen losses from slurry of pigs fed the beer by-product were from 34 to 65% lower than from the other three diets. It is concluded that including NSP-rich by-products in the diet of growing-finishing pigs reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen losses from slurry during storage.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.482-487
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• 2002

International Olympic Committee (IOC) prohibits the use of carteolol which is one of ${\beta}$-blockers. To prove whether carteolol product was taken or not, the analytical method in urine using GC/MS was established, and metabolism and excretion study were evaluated. As compared with acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis method was more efficiency. Coefficients of variation for intra-assay precision was around 10%. Error was less than 5% except the concentration of $0.05{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Recovery was 78.5% at $2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Free carteolol, conjugated carteolol, and small amount of p-OH carteolol were found in dosed human urine samples. The conjugated form was being 59.4% of the total carteolol in human urine. The amount of carteolol renal excreted for 72 h after oral dose of 10 mg of carteolol was 49% of the administred dose.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.165-168
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the volume and characteristics of growing and finishing pig manure. The results obtained in this study was summarized as follows; The average manure production per 60kg of betray weight fur pig was 4.57kg/head/day(faces 1.83, urine 2.74kg). The average moisture content of feces and urine was 74.1%, 98.4%, respectively. Water pollutant concentration, $BOD_5$, COD, SS, T-N and T-p, excreted from pig was 74,224mg/l, 63,046mg/l, 261,089mg/l in feces and 6,054mg/l, 5,295mg/l, 435mg/l in urine, respectively. The composition of manure produced by pig, N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$. was 0.89, 0.46, 0.25% in feces and 0.83, 0.05, 0.23% in urine, respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.377-383
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to examine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of arsenic hexaoxide($As_4O_6$), a novel anticancer compound, after i.v. bolus and oral administration in rats. We developed an ICP-Mass based method to analyze arsenic hexaoxide levels in plasma, bile, urine, feces, and tissue and validated the method. Arsenic hexaoxide rapidly disappeared from the plasma by 10 min($\alpha$ phase) after i.v. administration, which was followed by the late disappearance in the $\beta$ phase. The mean plasma half-lives($t_{1/2}$) of arsenic hexaoxide at the a and $\beta$ phase when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg were 1.57 and 29.8 min, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration($C_{max}$) was 230 ng/mL, after oral administration of arsenic hexaoxide at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The bioavailability, which was calculated from the dose-adjusted ratio, of the oral administered arsenic hexaoxide was 1.61%. Of the various tissues tested, arsenic hexaoxide was mainly distributed in the spleen, lung, liver and kidney after oral administration. Arsenic hexaoxide levels in the spleen or lung at 24 hr after oral administration were higher than those of maximum plasma concentration($C_{max}$). The cumulative amounts of arsenic hexaoxide found in the urine by 48 hr after the administration of 50 mg/kg were 5-fold higher than those in the bile. However, the cumulative amounts in the feces were 10-fold higher compared with those of urine, suggesting that arsenic hexaoxide is mostly excreted in the feces. In conclusion, our observations indicated that arsenic hexaoxide was poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract to the blood circulation and transferred to tissues such as the spleen and lung at 24 hr after oral administration. Moreover, the majority of arsenic hexaoxide appears to be excreted in the feces by 48 hr after oral administration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2001

As diverse physiological functions of taurine have been reported, taurine-containing health drinks and products are marketed worldwide for the treatment of various conditions such as improvements of liver, heart and circulatory functions or as an aid to athletic performance. Although animal studies have shown that taurine is fairly safe when supplemented in the diet for an extended period, the effective dose range of taurine for dietary supplements is in controversy. Reports on dietary taurine intakes have been sparse, and would serve as a guideline for determining an appropriate taurine dosage. The present study was aimed to estimate dietary intake level of taurine using the taurine content database of commonly used food stuffs established recently in our laboratory, and also to evaluate plasma concentration and urinary excretion of taurine in adolescents and adults residing in Seoul area. Dietary taurine intakes of the subjects were 219$\pm$16.9mg/day for 16-19 years old(n=123), 177$\pm$18.1mg/day for adults older than 20 years old(n=123). Male subjects(n=115) consumed 216$\pm$21.1mg of taurine/day, while female subjects(n=131) consumed 181$\pm$14.3mg of taurine/day(p<0.05). The level of dietary taurine intake was positively correlated with the levels of dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, total lipids, cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous, sodium and potassium at p<0.01, and with dietary intakes of iron and animal lipids at p<0.05, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration of subjects were 135$\pm$5.9$\mu$mol/L, which is considered to be within a normal range for healthy subjects. The subjects excreted 1158$\pm$72.7nmol/ of tarine mg creatinine in their urine, which is approximated as 150-170mg of taurine/24hr urine based on the assumption that 18mg creatinine/kg/day is excreted in the urine of healthy adults, and this would be about 80% of the daily taurine intake observed in the same subjects. Dietary taurine intake level was positively correlated with plasma taurine concentration, as well as with urinary taurine excretion corrected by creatinine excretion at p<0.05. The present study was the first report of taurine intake, and plasma concentration and urinary excretion of taurine in a Korean population so far, and these results would serve as an index for the future study evaluating taurine status in a diverse population within and outside Korea. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 440~448, 2001)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.437-446
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• 1998

The distribution, metabolism and excretion of CKD-602{20(S)-7-[2-(N-Isopropylamino)ethyl]camptothecin HCI), a new camptothecin derivative, were investigated in rats after a sing le administration of CKD-602. 1. The tissue levels of CKD-602 given to mice by the intravenous route at a dose of 20mg/kg were the highest in intestine, followed in descending order by kidney, liver, stomach,lung, heart, spleen and plasma. The concentrations of CKD-602 after 24hrs decreased to less than 2% of the peak level in most tissues except the skin. The urinary and fecal excretion of CKD-602 were 47.6% and 44.4% of the administered dose, respectively, with 0.7% remaining in the rinse. 2. After administration of CKD-602 at 10mg/kg in rats, metabolism of this compound was examined in plasma, urine, and feces. The plasma samples were collected for 24hr, urinary and fecal samples for 72hr. While any peak of CKD-602 in HPLC chromatograms was not detected from plasma and urine it was detected in feces (peaks, 9.8 min). However, additional peak area was about 0.5% of the peak area of parent CKD-602. Therefore, CKD-602 may be eliminated with the parent form and rarely metabolized in the body. 4. After I.v. administration of CKD-602 at 10mg/kg in rats, urinary and fecal excretions were examined for 72hrs post dose period. 87% of total urinary excretion of CKD-602 was excreted within 8hr after administration, 53%, and 32% of total fecal excreted amounts were determined in 0-24 hr and 24-48hr periods, respectively. The total excretion amounts of CKD-602 into urine and feces were 94% of the administered dose.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

Chitosan is a nontoxic natural chealtor which was made by chitin, and reduced a contamination of radiostrontium in animals. In this experiment, A different molecular weight of C-14 chitosan was intravenously administered to mice, and then the distribution of C-14 chitosan in the body was observed. Male mice (8 to 10 weeks, body weight of 30 to 35g) of ICR strain were used. C-14 chitosan was diluted with saline and then given intravenously in mice. After the administration of C-14 chitosan, mice was sacrificed at the 6th hour, 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. Beta radioactivities in the blood, liver, kidney, liver, muscle, testis, and urine was measured using a liquid scintillation analyzer. Most of the C-14 chitosan was excreted through urine within 6 hours. Biodistribution of C-14 chitosan was similar despite the difference of moleclar weight. Higher distributions of radioactivities were found in the liver, kidney, spleen. The relative concentration in tissue increased for the 6 hours and then decreased. In conclusion, most of C-14 chitosan was excreted through urine despite the difference of molecular weight. and, low molecular weight of C-14 chitosan showed higher distribution than high molecular weight of C-14 chitosan in tissues.