• 철학연구
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• 제145권
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• pp.271-296
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• 2018

이 글은 한국사회의 보수 집권 세력이 오랫동안 작동시켜 온, 동시에 그 정치 공학적 실효성이 여전히 발현되고 있는 이념적 정치적 낙인찍기의 횡행(橫行)과 그 효과에 기초한 적대적 배제 정치의 활성화 실태가 지닌 본질적인 난점과 그 부당성을 비판적으로 규명해 보는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 그로부터 이 글은 다음과 같은 몇 가지 '잠정적' 결론을 이끌어냈다. 우선, 해방 이후 한국사회를 장악, 지배해 온 소위 '보수 집권 세력'은 본질상 외세 의존적 반민족적인 동시에 반민주 반민중적인 '친일 독재 (잔존 및 추종) 세력'이라는 사실이다. 둘째, 친일 독재 집단으로서의 보수 집권 세력은, 자신의 본질적 한계와 실체를 은폐하고 지배계급으로서의 지위와 기득권을 항시적으로 보전하기 위한 통치 기법의 하나로, 자신을 향한 비판적 저항 세력을 반국가적 비국민으로 규정하여 그들에 대한 정치적 탄압과 배제가 불가피하고 정당한 것인 양, 구성원들로 하여금 오인케 만드는 낙인효과 및 그에 기초한 적대적 배제의 정치(술)을 구사해 왔다. 셋째, 독재 정권 등에 맞서 비판적 거부 투쟁을 전개한 민주(화) 세력에 대해 '종북좌파' 등으로 규정지어 정치적으로 매도하는 행태는, 정치 공학적으로 기획 연출된 '근거 없는' 낙인찍기의 전형적 사례이다. 동시에 그에 따른 현실적 효과를 이용해 민주(화) 세력을 한국사회에서 영구히 배제 추방하고, 통치권과 기득권을 지속적으로 장악, 향유하겠다는 것이 보수 집권세력이 구사한 적대적 배제 정치의 최종적 지향점이다. 넷째, 친일 독재 세력이라는 규정은 사실상 보수 집권 세력의 '본질적 실체'를 가리키는 바, 보수 지배층에 씌어진 '친일 독재 세력'이라는 낙인은 '결코' 정치 공학적 차원에서 치밀하게 기획된 '근거 없는' 낙인찍기에 해당되지 않음이 확인되었다. 더불어 그것을 통한 정치 사회적 효과를 이용해 모종의 정당화될 수 없는 불순한 정략적 의도를 관철 지으려는 적대적 배제정치의 조작적 수법과도 연관성이 없음이 밝혀졌다. 끝으로, 일부 호남 출신 지식인 및 정치인들이 주축이 되어 제기한 '영남 패권주의' 담론, 특히 노무현 정권과 친노(친문)을 '은폐된 투항적 영남패권주의' 세력의 하나로 규정지으려는 시도는, 사실상 노무현 및 친노(친문)에 대한 자신들이 지닌 '정서적 거부감'을 무리하게 논리적으로 체계화하려는 기획의 '불완전한' 산물로서, '근거 없는' 낙인찍기 행태이자 그를 통해 모종의 정치적 이해관계를 관철하려는, 규범적으로 정당화되기 어려운 정치적 배제술의 하나임이 확인되었다. 이후의 작업에서는, 특정 정략적 목적을 위해 치밀하게 기획되고 조작된, 정치 윤리적 차원에서 결코 용납될 수 없는 낙인찍기의 효과와 그에 터한 적대적 배제의 통치술이 이 사회에서 종식될 수 있는 구체적인 '실천 방안'을 모색해 보는데 매진할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

It is unclear whether Fructus ligustri Lucidi (FLL) extract anti-proliferative effect in human glioma cells. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the effect of FLL on cell viability and to determine the underlying mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. Cell viability and cell death were estimated by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V binding assay and cell cycle analysis. Activation of kinases and caspase-3 was estimated by Western blot analysis. FLL resulted in apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. FLL-induced cell death was not associated with reactive oxygen species generation. Western blot analysis showed that FLL treatment caused down-regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway, but not ERK. The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY984002 sensitized the FLL-induced cell death and overexpression of Akt prevented the cell death. FLL induced caspase-3 activation and the FLL-induced cell death was prevented by caspase inhibitors. These findings indicate that FLL results in a caspase-dependent cell death through a P13K/Akt pathway in human glioma cells. These data suggest that FLL may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for malignant human gliomas.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.320-326
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• 1999

The effects of operating pressure, lactate concentration, impurities, and pH on solution flux and lactate rejection in nanofiltration were investigated with model sodium lactate solutions (lactate 10~200g/L) as a model system. In the tested range of pressure(80~140 psig), the solution flux was observed to be proportional to the operating pressure and the rejection of lactate increased only slightly with the pressure. Both of the flux and the rejection decreased with lactate concentration, while the recovery rate of lactate increased. The effects of glucose and yeast extract as impurities on lactate rejection were negligible, but the flux decreased significantly with the addition of yeast extract. At low lactate concentrations, the rejection of lactate increased with pH due to the increased repulsion (Donnan exclusion effect) between lactate ions and membrane surface. But, at high lactate concentrations, the donnan effect was observed to be overwhelmed by the effect of sodium ions added to adjust the pH, and the rejection of lactate decreased with pH. When fermentation broth containing about 89g/L of lactate was nanofiltered, the flux and the rejection of lactate were 2.8L/$m^2$h and 5%, respectively at 120psig. Both of them were slightly lower than those with model solutions. The recovery rate was 2.6mol/$m^2$h.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the relationships among brand value, brand trust, and brand loyalty of dessert cafes and to verify the mediating effect of brand trust in the relationship between brand value and loyalty. This study targeted eight dessert cafes located in Seoul, and a survey with customers aged 20 or over was conducted over 11 days from April 10th to 21th, 2017. A total of 230 self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and 205 questionnaires (89.13%) were included for the data analysis after the exclusion of 25 incomplete and unreliable responses. Every data used for analysis went through frequency analysis, reliability test, exploratory factor analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, mediator effect analysis, and Sobel test using the SPSS 18.0 analysis program. The study results revealed that brand value had a significant positive relationship to brand trust, and brand trust had a significant positive relationship to brand loyalty. Also, brand value had a significant positive relationship to brand loyalty, and brand trust mediated the relationship between brand value and loyalty. Based on these findings, the discussion to enhance brand loyalty of dessert cafes were suggested.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

Objectives: Little information is available regarding the effect of Lycii cortex radicis (LCR) on cell viability in glioma cells. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the effect of LCR on cell survival in U87MG human glioma cells. Methods: Cell viability and cell death were estimated by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA. Activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activation of caspase-3 were estimated by Western blot analysis. Results: LCR resulted in apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. LCR increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and LCR-induced cell death was also prevented by antioxidants, suggesting that ROS generation played a critical role in LCR-induced cell death. Western blot analysis showed that LCR treatment caused down-regulation of Akt and ERK. The LCR-induced cell death was increased by the inhibitors of Akt and ERK. Activation of caspase-3 was stimulated by LCR and caspase inhibitors prevented the LCR-induced cell death. Conclusion: These findings suggest that LCR results in human glioma cell death through a mechanism involving ROS generation, down-regulation of Akt and ERK, and caspase activation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

Twenty six male Hanwoo (Korean cattle) carcasses were measured for pH, temperature and instrumental color changes of loins during 24 h post-mortem carcass chilling at $4^{\circ}C$ in the cooler. The average internal temperature of loins was about $5^{\circ}C$ after 24 h of chilling, and with the exclusion of those with an ultimate pH>6.0 (dark-cutters), the average pH value was 5.5. When all carcasses were considered for the partial correlation coefficient between color and pH, with the temperature effect excluded, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ seemed to be affected significantly by pH during chilling process (p<0.001). However, when carcasses with dark-cutting condition were excluded, the correlation coefficients were much lower. In contrast, when the partial correlation coefficients between color and temperature, excluding the effect of pH on them, were analyzed, the relationship between color and temperature did not change much after values of DFD (dark, firm, dry) beef were excluded. The results suggested that the known interrelationship of color and pH in chilled beef loins be mainly due to the influence of temperature on pH and color.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2001

Glutamate receptors-mediated excitoxicity is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of fanschinoline, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, which has a characteristic as a $Ca^{2+}$channel blockers on excitatory amino acids (EAAS)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cerebellar granule neuron. Fangchinoline (1 and 5$\mu\textrm{m}$) inhibited glutamate (1 ${m}M$), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 1 ${m}M$) and kainate (100$\mu\textrm{m}$)-induced neuronal cell death which was measured by trypan blue exclusion test. Fangchinoline (1 and 5$\mu\textrm{m}$) inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by NMDA (1 ${m}M$) and kainate (100$\mu\textrm{m}$), which was measured by HPLC. And fangchinoline (5$\mu\textrm{m}$) inhibited glutamate (1 ${m}M$)-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration. These results suggest that inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$influx by fangchinoline may contribute to the beneficial effects on neurodegenerative effect of glutamate in pathophysiological conditions.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2024

Purpose: This study systematically analyzed the impact of aromatherapy on pain in individuals with diabetes. Methods: A search was performed in seven electronic databases based on the PICO-SD (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design) framework. The population (P) of interest was individuals with diabetes, and the intervention (I) included aromatherapy targeting pain reduction. The comparison (C) consisted of control groups that received no intervention, another intervention, or usual care. The outcome (O) measured was pain. The quality of the selected literature was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. In MIX 2.0 Pro, the pooled overall effect of pain was calculated using Hedge's g and a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was calculated using the Q statistic and Higgin's I2 values. Meta-regression and exclusion sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Five articles and seven studies were included, showing a significant pooled overall effect of aromatherapy on diabetes-related pain (Hedge's g = -1.83, 95% CI: -2.76 to -0.91). Meta-regression demonstrated that effectiveness in reducing pain was associated with studies conducted in West Asia, those with IRB approval, and those receiving funding. Additionally, interventions involving subjects under 60, lavender oil (vs. turpentine oil or blended oils), massage therapy (vs. topical application), fewer hours per session, and more repeated measurements (vs. pre/post measurements) were associated with pain reduction. Conclusion: Aromatherapy, especially with lavender oil, effectively manages diabetes-related pain. Short-duration massage application is also effective. A personalized selection of oil type and application method could optimize therapeutic outcomes for individuals with diabetes.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.125-162
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• 2005

This paper examined excluded risks of insurer in marine insurance generally, and found out the existing studies on the excluded risks, which were accomplished partially and fragmentarily, to conduct a comparative analysis of marine insurance based on the general flow of claim adjustment. It arranges the existing studies to settle a dispute between the parties -insurer and assurer- and studies the excluded risk based on risk change of the insured by analyzing characteristic and class of security violation, and meaning, form, effect of risk change. it inquires into and analysis cases of the Korean Supreme Court related to the exclusion and illegal act of marine insurance to compare marine theorists' opinion with commercial law.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

This study examined the positive impact of workplace harassment on the employees' counterproductive work behavior at deluxe hotel in Seoul and Tokyo. The study verified a differentiated influence based on the nationality of the employees. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously by using structural equation modelling. First, isolation/exclusion (${\beta}=.403$), disrespectful behavior (${\beta}=.312$), physical aggression (${\beta}=.245$), and verbal aggression (${\beta}=.133$) had a positive impact on counterproductive work behavior. However, threats/bribes (${\beta}=.091$) did not show a significant impact. Second, no significant moderating effect based on employees' nationality (Korean versus Japanese) was observed in the relationship between the five workplace harassment factors and CWB. This study will investigate workplace harassment perceived by deluxe hotel employees in Korea and Japan, and the obtained data can also be used to help identify realistic plans to reduce workplace harassment between bosses and subordinates at an organizational level.