• Korean System Dynamics Review
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.49-75
• /
• 2015

A company is a core of free market capitalism. It needs to be sustainable to make capitalism better. In this reason, a company has to be ethical to be longer, because unethical company can not be survival. It means that we should understand what is the ethical company and how to be. Because interdisciplinary exchanges give a hint to understand what and how from, so it was studied to find the academic theories which have a relationship with ethics or morality not only in the area of Business management, but also Psychology, Pedagogy, Ethics, Philosophy, and etc.. Making a visible structure by System Dynamics with results through interdisciplinary exchanges to understand the reason why unethical accidences are rising and damages are growing although companies pay "Ethics Pays" more and more to reduce immoral cases is the goal of this study. On the theory of "Social Ethics", 5 ways explain the reason why unethical behavior has not been demolished make a complex structure, which was founded from studying interdisciplinary exchanges such as "Ethics Pays", "Moral Reasoning", "Social Cost", and "Fallacy of Compositions". Finding the controllers and Factors of this model to control to be better, then the market could be more effective with lesser social cost.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 1979

Kinetic studies have been carried out on solvolyses and halide exchanges $(Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;I^-)$ of N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl chlorides, and solvolyses of N,N-diphenylcarbamoyl chloride. Kinetic results together with simple MO analysis indicated that: (a) N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl chlorides reacted via the $S_N2$ mechanism, while N,N-diphenylcarbamoylchloride reacted via the $S_N1$ mechanism; (b) in chloride exchanges, the bond-breaking appeared to be important, whereas in bromide and iodide exchanges, the bond-formation was shown to be important.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2021

The ability of entrepreneurs to arrange working capital is the key to maximizing the profitability of small- and medium-sized enterprises and the wealth of entrepreneurs. The study investigates the correlation between entrepreneurs' working capital management and the profitability of SMEs listed on six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock exchanges between 2019 and 2020. The secondary data is collected from the financial statements of SMEs listed on the six GCC stock exchanges. Actual sample for the research study was a total of 136 small- and medium-sized enterprises selected using purposive sampling methods. Four research models were considered in this analysis, all ending up affecting gross profits. The selected entrepreneurial SMEs were listed on six different Gulf Cooperation Council stock exchanges during 2019-2020. The fixed financial assets ratio, financial debt ratio, and company size are used as control variables and data were analyzed using multiple regression. The research results demonstrate that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between profitability measured by gross profit and cash cycle and the components of the cash cycle (including days of accounts receivable and days of inventory). The study further reveals that there is no significant correlation between gross profit and days of accounts payable.

• Journal of Platform Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2020

We propose a plan to reduce the operational risk of domestic cryptocurrency exchanges for protecting cryptocurrency exchange users and establishing a stable operating environment. For market participants using cryptocurrency exchanges, cryptocurrency exchange risk is greater than the price risk. In the cryptocurrency market, illegal transactions using the anonymity of cryptocurrency are occurring frequently. In addition, loss accidents due to cybercrimes and insider corruptions are continuing. And the resulting losses are passed on to the users of the exchange. In terms of operational risk, we analyze the current situation of domestic cryptocurrency exchanges and present the direction of development of each exchange platform to attract and protect users.

• Clinical Endoscopy
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.754-760
• /
• 2023

Background/Aims: Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) can heal a variety of defects within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via applying negative pressure, which reduces the defect size, aspirates the infected fluid, and promotes granulation tissue. Here we present our experience with EVT as it relates to both spontaneous and iatrogenic upper GI tract perforations, leaks, and fistulas. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at four large hospital centers. All patients who underwent EVT between June 2018 and March 2021 were included. Data on multiple variables were collected, including demographics, defect size and location, number and intervals of EVT exchanges, technical success, and hospital length of stay. Student t-test and the chi-squared test were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty patients underwent EVT. The most common defect cause was spontaneous esophageal perforation (50%). The most common defect location was the distal esophagus (55%). The success rate was 80%. Seven patients were treated with EVT as the primary closure method. The mean number of exchanges was five with a mean interval of 4.3 days between exchanges. The mean length of hospital stay was 55.8 days. Conclusions: EVT is a safe and effective initial management option for esophageal leaks and perforations.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.97-131
• /
• 2006

This study analyses the relationship between mothers and adolescent children in current Korean society from an exchange perspective. Utilizing the 6 types of resources, I. e., service, goods, money, information, status, and affection, suggested by Foa et. al. and the distinction between positive exchange (rewards) and negative exchange (punishments), it explores what resources are exchanged, how the resources exchanged are valued by each party, whether the exchange is symmetrical or asymmetrical, and if gender and age of the child affects the exchange. A survey was conducted to 150 children--from middle school aged to college going, and their cohabiting mothers in the metropolitan Seoul. The overall findings are as follows: Positive exchanges are dominant over negative exchanges. The exchange of positive exchanges occur asymmetrically within each resource type, with the exception of affection which is exchanged in a more equal term. In general, children receive positive resources more often, but mothers value the resources given by their children more highly. Negative resources are exchanged in more symmetrical terms. Negative resources exchanged more frequently tend to have weaker negative valence. Daughters maintain a more intensive exchange relation with their mothers than sons do, and this pattern is especially prominent in the exchanges of information and affection. The age of the child has a weak effect on the exchange.

• Proceedings of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association Conference
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.19-22
• /
• 2004

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.6 no.11
• /
• pp.2989-3000
• /
• 1999

Until now, most Intelligent Tutoring Systems are lacking in the modularity, the extensibility of the system, and the flexibility in the dynamic environment due to the static exchanges of knowledge among modules. To overcome these flexibility in the dynamic due to the static exchanges of knowledge among modules. To overcome these problems, we will suggest, in this paper, a Distance Intelligent Tutoring Framework, called DELFOM, based on the multiagent to cope with the various and complicated learner's requests. We could make different types of learning systems by simply changing the contents of DELFOM External that is variant part of DELFOM. This framework, therefore, provides software reuse and the extensibility based on object-oriented paradigm. And we will propose two different distance learning systems using DELFOM. Therefore this framework gives the developer/the learner the effective and easy development/learning environment. DELFOM is implemented using CORBA and Java for the network transparency and platform independence.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The general objective of this study is to explain the governance mechanisms of relational exchanges by considering both economic and relational factors. As regards the relationship between opportunism and governance mechanisms, opportunism was hypothesized as being positively related to the use of the authority mechanism, and negatively related with use of the trust mechanism. Research design, data, and methodology - Purchasing relationships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their component suppliers were chosen as the empirical setting. Purchasing specialists in each company, who interact regularly with suppliers and have the major responsibility for managing the exchange relationships with suppliers, were used as the respondents for this study. A mail survey methodology was employed to collect data in the final field survey. Results - As predicted, opportunistic behavior is found to be negatively related to the use of the trust mechanism and positively related to the use of the authority mechanism. Therefore, the result supports the proposed hypotheses. Conclusions - By integrating research streams, this study contributes to the marketing discipline by improving our understanding of when and why different mixtures of governance mechanisms are used.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to examine the mechanism of Arsenic cytotoxicity through several in vitro test systems. Dose-dependent decrease of cell survival by Arsenic was observed by colony forming assay. Arsenic was weak mutagenic in inducing HGPRT point mutation in CHO cells. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased in a dose-dependent manner and the most frequent type of chromosomal aberrations induced by Arsenic were chromatid type deletions. U!trafiltrates of culture media from CHO cells treated with Arsenic induced sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in CHO cells and Arsenic was able to induce lipid peroxidation in CHO cells. The results suggested that the ultrafiltrates of media from CHO cells treated with Arsenic contain clastogenic factor(CF) and Iipid peroxidation might be involved in the formation of CF.