• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 2015

Three kinds of anion-exchangeable functional groups with different hydrocarbon molecular structures were introduced to vinyl benzyl chloride-based membrane to understand the effect of attached function in anion-exchange membrane. Trimethylamine (TMA) as an aliphatic fuction, N-methylpiperidine (MP) as an alicyclic fuction and pyridine (Py) as an aromatic function were introduced by amination. The respective reactivity was observed by the trace of membrane resistance( MER)/ion exchange capacity (IEC) and the increasing order of reactivity was Py < MP < TMA. Meanwhile, SEM photograph showed the attached Py ion-exchange membrane was the most homogenous and compact structure in the study. In electrochemical properties, the attached Py ion-exchange membrane showed the MER ($5.0{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ >, in 0.5 mol/L NaCl), comparable to those of commercial membrane (AMX). All results showed that the resonance structure of attached functional group might contribute to the preparation of homogenous anion-exchange membrane.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.87-101
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the effectiveness of the foreign exchange risk insurance system in the promotion of SME exports in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term and long-term responses of SME exports to foreign exchange risk insurance support policies. Based on these empirical studies, we would like to present some operational improvements to the operation of the foreign exchange risk insurance system. Design/methodology - In order to analyze the effect of exchange risk insurance on the exports of SMEs, a VAR model consisting of foreign exchange risk insurance underwriting values, export relative price, and domestic demand pressure, including export volume, was established. The study began with tests of the stationarity of time series data. The unit root tests showed that all concerned variables were non-stationary. Accordingly, the results of the cointegration test showed that the tested variables are not cointegrated. Finally, an impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis were conducted to analyze the impulse of foreign exchange risk insurance on exports of SMEs. Findings - As a result of estimating the VAR (1) model, foreign exchange risk insurance was found to be significant at a 1% significance level for SME' export promotion. In the impulse response analysis, SMEs' export response to the impulse of foreign exchange risk insurance showed that exports gradually increased until the third quarter, and then slowed down. However, the impulse did not disappear, and appeared continuously. Originality/value - This study analyzed the effect of foreign exchange insurance on exports of SMEs by applying the VAR model. In particular, this study is the first to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of foreign exchange risk insurance on exports of SMEs. The empirical evidence in the current study have a policy implication for the policy authority to support and promote the foreign exchange risk insurance in the effect of exchange rate volatility on Korea' export SMEs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1995.05a
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 1995

In this study, the slab waveguide was fabricated using potassium-nitride(KNO$_3$) or silver-nitride (AgNO$_3$) molten sources by ion-exchange process. The effective refractive indices of waveguide were measured by Prism-Coupling method. and The characteristics of waveguide(mode dispersion, effective diffusion depth. surface refractive index, diffusion coefficient, and refractive index profile etc,) were investigated by WKB method, In the case of potassium ion-exchange, the computer calculation showed that the refractive index profile of waveguide followed Gaussian function, the surface refractive index increased with ion-exchange time and the effective diffusion depth increased a little as ion-exchange time increased, while the surface refractive index of silver ion-exchanged waveguide decreased with ion-exchange time because of the ion depletion on the surface of waveguide, and the effective diffusion depth seriously with ion-exchange tim. Double ion-exchanged waveguide was fabricated by performing silver ion-exchange after potassium ion-exchange. Double ion-exchanged waveguide had a tight mode binding force since the surface refractive index was larger than single step ion-exchanged waveguide.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2010

For that reason, more and more growing of the internet speed, many kind of the multimedia as if the voice, a letter, a photograph, a moving picture are appearance and integration of the internet as if the wireless internet, the CATV, a satellite is forming. Today, many changes in the communication environment are occurrence. therefore a demands of the user keep up increase. so, in this paper, we developed the SOHO IP-PBX embedded which can automatically exchange the call. the developed IP-PBX have many functions as if the exchange call function, the gateway function, the PSTN backup function, the FAX function, the VPN function, etc. and verified it by an experiment on the rules in KT.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.332-339
• /
• 1995

In this paper, it was investigated the guided field intensity distribution of the channel in the silver & potassium ion-exchange glass-waveguide. The guided field intensity distribution analysis of ion-exchange glass-waveguide was based on the combination of the WKB dispersion relationship method with a Gaussian distribution function of refractive index profile and the Field Shadow method to the modeling of the channel waveguide. As the results of the channel waveguide modeling, it was represented 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional field distribution of ion-exchange glass waveguide.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.33-35
• /
• 2005

Perpendicular magnetization curves and crystal textures of $[Pd(0.8 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)]_5/FeMn$ multilayers having an exchange-biased perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as a function of FeMn thickness and annealing temperature were measured. As FeMn thickness increases from 0 to 21 nm, the perpendicular exchange biasing field ($H_{ex}$) obtained the maximum value of 130 Oe at FeMn thickness 12 nm. As the annealing temperature increases to $240^{\circ}C$, the H_ex increased from 115 Oe to 190 Oe and the exchange-biased perpendicular magnetic anisotropy disappeared at $330^{\circ}C$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2007

Heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins (G proteins) mediate signal generated by neurotransmitter and hormones. Among all G proteins, Go is the most abundant in brain but its role in brain is not clearly understood. To determine the function of the alpha subunit of Go (Go$\alpha$), we search for the interacting partner of Go$\alpha$ in brain using yeast two-hybrid system. A resistant to inhibitor of cholinesterase (Ric-8B) was identified as a Go$\alpha$ interacting protein. We confirmed interaction between Go$\alpha$ and Ric-8b employing in vitro affinity binding assay and showed that the Ric-8b increased the function of Go$\alpha$. Our findings indicate that Ric-8b is possible guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Go$\alpha$.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.7
• /
• pp.393-402
• /
• 2021

This study aims to examine whether symmetric effects or asymmetric effects of exchange rates exist in determining the money demand in Indonesia. Simple-sum money and Divisia money were included in different models for comparison due to the financial developments in Indonesia. This study uses time-series data from 1996Q1 to 2019Q4 for the estimation. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is utilized to verify the asymmetric effects of exchange rates on money demand. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests were performed to verify the order of integration of the variables. The findings of this study revealed that the exchange rate is one of the most important determinants of money demand in Indonesia and the effect is asymmetric. The findings further indicated that money demand function, which incorporates Divisia monetary aggregate is parsimonious. Monetary targets such as money supply and interest rates are critical for monetary policy conduct to achieve inflation levels set by government. As the adoption of an inflation targeting framework needs to be in keeping with the flexible exchange rate system, the asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes can be used in exchange rate policy conduct to achieve financial system and price stability.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.269-286
• /
• 2005

The exchange rate volatility has been increased since the time when the floating exchange rate system was introduced in Korea. As a result, the increase of the exchange rate volatility raised the risk in international trades in Korea. The purpose of this study in to study the feature of exchange rate volatility and the main sources of its increase and to confirm whether the exchange rate volatility influence export volume and price of Korea. In the first place, I measured exchange rate volatility with two methods. The one is descriptive statistic method such as the width of daily exchange rate fluctuation and the rate of exchange rate devaluation. The other is the time varying conditional variance of exchange rate. Then, I studied the sources of exchange rate volatility. In the second place, I defined the exchange rate volatility as the time varying conditional variance and estimated it by using elastic a approach model which shows exchange rate is affected by itself and its conditional variance, I estimated its effects on export volumes and prices of electric home appliances, information & communication equal and semi-conductor. The result of this study is as follows. With presumed result EU and Korea because is not the goods which is to substantial competition relationship, The effect where the relative value change of presumed result expression anger and the dollar of import and export function goes mad to the import and export of Korea the income compared to is to export and it is appearing a lot. The EU goods is sold more expensively the Korean goods than from about length being caused by American market of the dollar and the balance of trade of Korea is visible like being visible the improvement of single breadth. Because the relationship of competition is weak but substantially there is to a short term and expression - the effect where the dollar rate fluctuation is big in Korean trade there is a possibility of saying that widely known it is not.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2004

Many port states such as New Zealand, the USA, Australia and Canada have strict regulations to prevent ships which arrive in their port from discharging polluted ballast water which contain harmful aquatic organism and pathogens. They are notified that transfer of polluted ballast water can cause serious injury to public health and damage to property and environment. For this reason, they perceived that the ballast exchange in deep sea is the most effective method, together with submitting the ballast management plan which contains the effective exchange method, ballast system and safety consideration. In this study, we pursued both nautical engineering analysis and optimization of algorithm in order to generate the sequence of stability and rapidity. Heuristic Algorithm was chosen on the basis of optimality and applicability to a sequential exchange problem. We have built an optimized algorithm, for automatic exchange of ballast water, by redefining core elements of the $A^\ast$ algorithm, such as node, operator and evaluation function. Final version of the optimized algorithm has been applied to existing bulk carrier and the performance of the algorithm has been verified successfully.